细菌视紫红质的动态透射特性及其应用

细菌视紫红质 (Bacteriorhodopsin,简称 b R)是由嗜盐菌中提取出的一种光敏蛋白质 ,它是一种新型的生物光子学材料。我们测量的 b R膜在黄光和蓝光束分别照射下的非线性透射特性表明 ,在光照开始阶段 ,光的透过率随时间延长而增加 ,然后逐渐达到一个稳定值。黄光和蓝光的透过特性的不同是蓝光达到最大透过率的时间比黄光短。 b R膜在黄光和蓝光双光束同时照射下的非线性透射特性的计算结果表明 ,在某一固定蓝光光强 ,蓝光的透过光强随黄光强度的增加而减小 ,甚至变为零。这说明黄光对蓝光有抑制作用 ,即黄光可以调控蓝光的透过率。这一奇异的透射特性可以用做新出现事物滤波器     

一种便携式漫反射LED均匀光源的设计与实现

为了满足光电探测仪器校准修正过程中对标准光源的要求,设计了一种采用积分球技术,通过纽扣电池供电的便携式漫反射LED均匀光源。给出了光源的装配图、主要零件3D图及电路图,并对其进行了详细说明。通过Matlab分析光源出光口CCD照片各像素的灰度值,得到出光口?14 mm范围内光强均匀度为95.1%;采用Ocean Optics USB 2000+型光谱仪分析光源出光口光强均匀性及漫反射性,得到沿出光口径方向2个位置光强与中心光强相比,分别下降了2.93%和6.30%的结果。光源出光口平面旋转10°,中心位置光强下降6.30%。测试分析表明:设计的光源具有较好的均匀度和漫反射性,在光电探测仪器校准方面具有一定的应用价值。     

One-beam recording in a LiNbO3 crystal

We propose a new way to record images in a photorefractive LiNbO3 crystal. This method involves only a single object light without any reference light. We believe that the recording is attained by fanning holograms that result from interference between the object light and its scattered light. Although volume gratings are involved, the recorded pattern can be viewed not only with a laser light beam that is incident over a certain angular range but also with white light.     

用于LCD背光模块的LED光源转成线光源设计研究

将液晶显示器背光模块的导光板向前延伸5 mm,利用该区设计一扩光区使得LED点光源经过该区可获得两次的扩光效果,达到将点光源转成近似冷阴极管(CCFL)的线光源效果,并以3 in液晶显示器面板进行模拟,模拟结果表明导光板的出光均匀度可以达85%以上.     

尘埃粒子计数器中光源对传感器光通量的影响分析

在Mie散射理论基础上，由单分散射的光强表达式导出在偏振光的入射条件下一定立体角内的散射光通量的表达式，并与自然光入射作比较。计算了在相同强度不同光源入射下，尘埃粒子计数器的两种常用散射光收集系统收集的散射光通量。结果表明：采用近前向散射光收集系统得到的光通量相等；而采用直角方向散射光收集系统时两者并不相等，且在平面偏振光入射时，收集的散射光通量还跟探测器中心与入射光偏振方向夹角有关。用MATLAB编程计算，得出了在探测器中心与偏振方向的夹角成90°或270°位置时，收集的散射光通量有极值的结论，为激光尘埃计数器传感器光学设计提供了依据。     

光照强度对蛇足石杉共生蓝藻细胞悬浮培养的影响

以蛇足石杉孢子囊为材料,分离出蛇足石杉共生蓝藻细胞,研究光照强度对液体培养的共生蓝藻细胞生长的影响.研究结果表明,在光强500 Lx下,共生蓝藻的生长速率最大;增加光照强度(> 2000 Lx)将抑制共生蓝藻的生长,菌体褪绿变白;在共生蓝藻生长过程中,蓝藻细胞内叶绿素a的含量随着光强的增加而显著减少,这与其在强光照下生物量的降低呈正相关.不同光质实验结果表明,绿光和蓝光条件下蛇足石杉内生藻生长快而红光条件下藻体增殖最慢,这与在绿光和蓝光条件下藻体细胞合成的色素含量增高有密切的关系.实验结论:蛇足石杉共生蓝藻细胞适宜的光照条件是弱光光照,适宜的光质是绿光或蓝光.     

偏振光在非球形气溶胶中传输特性的Monte Carlo仿真

非球形气溶胶是影响辐射传输的重要因素. 系统给出了矢量辐射传输Monte Carlo模型, 并验证了其准确度; 考虑入射光偏振态, 讨论了不同方向漫射光Stokes矢量对气溶胶形状的敏感性; 分析了气溶胶形状、入射光偏振状态对光波退偏振度、透过率及反射率的影响. 模拟仿真结果表明, 对于不同偏振态的入射光, 不同方向的Stokes矢量对气溶胶形状变化的灵敏程度并不一致, 而在天顶角0°方向区域,Q, U及V分量对形状的灵敏程度普遍不高; 气溶胶形状对反射漫射光退偏程度的影响强于透射漫射光, 入射光偏振态不同, 漫射光退偏程度也存在较大差异. 气溶胶形状对光波整体透过率与反射率影响显著, 且该影响随传播距离增大而增大; 入射光偏振态对透过率与反射率影响相对较小, 与自然光相比, 水平偏振光透过率略偏小, 反射率略偏大, 垂直偏振光反之, 圆偏振光与自然光的模拟结果相当.     

Backaction of a detector on the field it measures

In this work, the backaction of a detector on light reflected from a dielectric medium is theoretically studied in the far-field region by considering every order of light scattering both within the medium and between the detector and the medium. It is found that, as a result of the backaction, the light actually measured by the detector is different from that when the detector is absent, and that the strength of the backaction depends on several factors, such as the separation between the detector and the medium, the medium’s density, and the light wavelength. Also presented is a method that allows the reflected light in the absence of the detector to be derived from the reflected light measured by the detector.     

一种折反式光学系统的消杂光设计

针对一种折反式光学系统相机遇到的消杂光问题,根据杂光计算结果对相机进行了消杂光设计,通过试验对杂光计算结果进行了验证,试验结果与计算结果吻合,验证了消杂光设计的正确性。进行消杂光设计后,相机的杂光系数满足设计指标要求,有效地减小了杂光对图像质量的影响。     

Pulsed ultrasound-modulated light tomography

Ultrasound-modulated light tomography is a new technique that combines laser light and ultrasound to provide a representation of the light density inside turbid media. We present a method that can produce two- or three-dimensional light density representations with standard ultrasonic pulses. This technique should allow simple, direct fusion of ultrasonic images with optical tomography.     

部分相干光与相干光在湍流中的传输特性实验研究

相干光经湍流传输引起光强闪烁效应,理论研究表明利用部分相干光可降低该影响,而相关的实验验证鲜有报道。利用水介质的对流湍流池模拟产生了Rytov方差为0.04~0.16的湍流,进行了弱起伏区湍流中部分相干光及相干光的传输实验,由接收光强计算出其光强闪烁指数随湍流Rytov方差的变化关系。实验结果表明:随着湍流强度的增加,部分相干光与相干光的闪烁效应均增强,但部分相干光的闪烁指数小于相干光。将实验数据与Andrews等人建立的闪烁指数理论模型进行比较,得出了较为一致的结论。     

An approach to remove the background light based on linearly polarized light in the inter-satellite optical communications

In the inter-satellite optical communications, background light is an important factor that worsens the acquisition performance and tracking precision of the system. In general, optical filters are applied in eliminating background light. But the bandwidth of the optical filter is a bottleneck for improving the performance of the optical system further. We propose a new method for decreasing background light, in which linearly polarized light is employed as the beacon light. The theoretical model of acquisition probability is derived. Contrastive analysis is performed, among the system with the pure optical filter, the system using the linearly polarized light and the system with the circularly polarized light. Numerical simulations and experimental verification lead to the conclusion that acquisition probability of the system with linearly polarized light is greater than that of the other systems, and this approach is effective. This work can benefit the design of inter-satellite optical communication system.     

Effect of electric field on light scattering by aqueous colloids of diamond and graphite

We present the results of our experimental investigation of light scattering by polydisperse colloids of diamond and graphite. The scattering is studied at a random orientation of particles and in an external radiofrequency electric field, which orients particles along the strength. The average dimensions of particles in both colloids are close to each other and comparable with the wavelength of the incident light. The shape of particles and the optical and electrooptical properties of diamond and graphite colloids are significantly different. We analyze the polarization components of scattered light energy when the light incident on the colloids is linearly polarized. We show that the quadrupole light scattering by isotropic diamond particles has the main effect on angular dependences of depolarization of scattered light. For light scattering by anisotropic graphite particles, the depolarization of scattered light is mainly determined by a particular feature of the dipole scattering of particles. It is shown that, in both colloids, the orientational order of particles considerably reduces the depolarization of light scattered by particles. We show that relative changes in the intensity and depolarization of scattered light, which depend on the scattering angle and polarization direction of light, as well as on the parameters of particles, can be used as a measure of electrooptical effects observed in colloids.     

Generating of squeezed atom laser via stimulated Raman transition

We present a scheme to generate a squeezed atom laser via stimulated Raman transition of the atoms in Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with two light beams, including a weaker squeezed coherent probe light and a stronger classical pump light. The results show that the quantum fluctuation of this atom laser can be periodically squeezed. The squeezing depth of such atom laser is determined by the initial squeezing factor of the probe light, and the squeezing period of that is related to the mean number of atoms in the trap, the strength of interaction between squeezing light and BEC atoms, and the detuning of the light.     

Principle for the design of interference light filters with two multilayers

There are many varieties of light filters consisting of a reflecting prism and nonhomogeneous multilayers. In the present article we will consider two types of such light filters, a light filter that is selective with respect to wavelength and angle of incidence of the light, and a light filter with elevated contrast that is wavelength tuned. Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 49–53, October, 1998.     

Generation and transmission simulation of 60 G millimeter-wave by using semiconductor optical amplifiers for radio-over-fiber systems

A novel method of the millimeter-wave (MMW) generation is proposed for Radio-over-fiber systems with low phase noise by using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The simulation results show that the method is correct. When a pump light and a signal light are input into the SOA, the converted light induced by four-wave mixing (FWM) effect is generated. The optical MMW is generated between the signal light and converted light after filtering the pump light. The electrical MMW is obtained by beating the signal light and converted light via a photo-detector. The phase noise of the system is low because the phase difference between the signal light and converted light is stable for the FWM effect. The power of MMW is increased with the increase of the pump light power and the pump current of the SOA, is decreased with the increase of the polarization azimuths of the pump light.     

皮肤组织容积脉搏波400~1000 nm光谱特性仿真研究

根据皮肤组织解剖结构特性建立了六层层状模型,并给出了皮肤组织各层的特性参数;考虑了氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的吸收特性,依据皮肤组织各层的水、血、脂肪、血氧饱和度含量以及血管大小给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱吸收系数;对不同波长散射系数做了适当简化,给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱散射系数。利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真血管组织在收缩与舒张两种状态下, 400~1 000 nm波长光在皮肤组织多层模型中的传输过程,并通过统计大量光子的分布特性,获得了皮肤组织光谱反射系数,并利用模拟所得的两种状态下的反射系数计算得到了光谱容积脉搏波幅度。仿真结果表明,当入射光强一定时,绿光的容积脉搏波幅度优于红光和蓝光。通过计算不同波长光沿皮肤组织深度方向光能流率衰减为1/e时对应的皮肤组织深度,获得了皮肤组织光谱穿透深度。结果显示,血管舒张状态下蓝光和绿光的穿透深度较小,蓝光大部分只能达到表皮层,绿光能到达微循环层,红光可直达真皮层。考虑到光在皮肤组织中传播包含了一个从收缩到舒张的动态过程,基于此,根据穿透深度定义了脉搏波信号产生深度,利用血管舒张与收缩两种不同状态下的穿透深度计算得到了光谱产生深度。结果表明,不同波长光产生深度大于其穿透深度,蓝光产生深度较浅,且其受到的血液吸收调制较小,因而其获得的脉搏信号易受噪声干扰;红光的容积脉搏波产生深度较大,但是相比于绿光其受血液吸收调制较小,且绿光产生深度足够达到真皮血管层,因而红光容积脉搏波的幅度小于绿光。上述仿真结果明确了皮肤组织部分光谱特性,为皮肤组织多光谱容积脉搏波的精确获取及其他相关研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化抑制效果的影响

光照是影响植物生长发育的重要因子,在植物生长过程中,对植物的生理代谢、光合特性、品质及衰老均有广泛的调节作用。然而国内外对于采后光照是否仍然可以提高果蔬品质,延长贮藏保鲜期的研究少见报道。采用红、蓝、绿三种单色光照射处理西兰花,红光对采后西兰花花球黄化具有抑制作用,蓝光抑制作用不明显,而绿光则加速了西兰花黄化,因此本文将重点研究LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化抑制效果。采用波长为625±5 nm,光照强度(100±5)Lx的LED单色红光持续照射西兰花花球,以避光处理为对照。结果表明：LED单色红光能够抑制西兰花花球表面色差L值升高,保持色差-a/b值,延缓叶绿素降解;同时能够降低西兰花呼吸强度,推迟呼吸高峰,降低乙烯生成速率,有效保持了西兰花的商品性。相关性分析表明,采用LED单色红光处理后,乙烯生成速率与黄化指数之间达到极显著正相关水平(p<0.01)。与常规无光处理相比,LED单色红光处理延长了西兰花保鲜期5 d左右,为西兰花的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。本文创新点在于首次将无化学污染、环境友好特性的LED单色光引入西兰花采后贮藏保鲜过程中,重点研究了LED单色红光对西兰花采后颜色变化的影响,明确了LED单色红光对西兰花采后黄化具有抑制作用。     

The correlation of the energy resolution of incident light with the measured reflectance of multilayers

This paper presents an expression for describing the correlation of the energy resolution of incident light with the measured reflectance of multilayers, and gives a new method for calculating the polychromatic-light reflectance of multilayers. Using this method we give the reflectance spectrum of some multilayers in the case in which the incident light is polychromatic. The theoretical analysis shows that for the multilayers of a given design the peak reflectance of the polychromatic light is smaller than that of the monochromatic light, but no-peak reflectance of the polychromatic light is bigger than that of the monochromatic light. Further, the measured reflectance spectrum will be a line if the energy resolution is less than a decided value. The shorter the design-wavelength of the multilayer, the stronger the effect of the energy resolution on the reflectance.     

Research of negative refractive direction of P-light in metal

This paper studies the light propagation in metal. Using the complex wave vector, we analyze the propagation direction of light energy in a metal, and find that P and S-polarized light propagate at a different refraction angle when a beam of light passes from the air to a metallic boundary at a certain angle. Especially, P-polarized light will be refracted at a negative angle, and the direction of P-polarized light is the same side of the incident light.