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本文描述了一种新的散斑干涉仪,它可以同时对表面应变物体的面内位移、离面位移、位移梯度和莫尔曲率进行测量;由于利用了取向滤波方法,在滤波系统输出平面同时得到了与这些参数对应的散斑条纹.还利用散斑空间运动规律较好地解释了散斑干涉与散斑剪切干涉之间的关系. 相似文献
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电子散斑干涉位移场分离技术及其在三维测量中的应用 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
提供了一种可将离面位移与面内位移分离的三维位移场测量方法.在双光束电子散斑干涉中增加参考光,使这一路参考光为两光束所共用.两束光各自独立地对变形物体进行测量,结合相移技术,可分别得到包含离面和面内位移信息的二幅位相图.只需简单的位相运算就能够将面内位移场与离面位移场分离.在竖直方向上,采用两光束对称照明被测物,直接测量面内位移竖直方向分量.本文将该技术应用到柴油机油泵测量上,得到了油泵的三维位移场.该技术为三维位移场的测量提供了一种新的有效途径,也为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供了新的方法. 相似文献
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物体表面在一束相干光照明下的空间散斑位移场分布对于分析物体表面状态及位移、变形等信息具有重要意义。本文应用散斑场的相关方法与散斑相移技术得到了物体表面位移及变形参量与自由空间衍射场散斑位移的一般关系,给出了这种一般关系的简化与分离条件,并对物体平移、转动及热加载条件下的蜂窝结构进行了实验。 相似文献
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提出了利用相移电子散斑干涉测量物体二维变形分量的方法.单光束照明的传统电子散斑干涉技术,测量得到的是一幅物体变形的混合相位场.当物体具有对称变形时,可由这一幅相位图求得二维变形分量.方法是将该相位图镜像翻转得到第二幅相位图,通过二幅相位图的叠加、复位和分离运算,获得物体的二维变形场的分量值.利用三点加载的简支梁进行了实验,给出了实验结果,并与对称光照明实验结果进行了对比,验证了该方法的正确性. 相似文献
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本文针对散斑照相术中存在的三维位移分离问题进行了详细讨论.利用散斑杨氏条纹图的基本特性和物体变形的连续性提出了正确分离三维位移的方法.使得散斑照相术在三维变形测量方面得到了进一步完善.最后给出了 CMO620型车床主轴的三维热变形结果. 相似文献
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设计了基于光学涡旋相移技术的离面位移测量实验方案,实现了电子散斑干涉中相移的数字控制.该方法利用输入液晶空间光调制器中的叉形光栅产生涡旋光束,通过涡旋光束绕轴的旋转产生相移;同时,产生的涡旋光束又作为参考光与物光干涉.实验中,在物体发生离面位移前后依次输入四幅叉形光栅,产生相移步长为π/2的涡旋光束,利用CCD获得涡旋光与物光的干涉光场,从而获得离面位移场的包裹相位;再通过解包裹,获得物体离面变形的相位变化.光学涡旋相移法可应用于离面位移测量. 相似文献
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把粗糙物体表面受到相干光照明时产生的散斑场看作是一个稳态随机信号,在此基础上,本文提出了一种能做到大量程,高精度位移测量的新方法——电子散斑归一化互相关法测位移或称电子散斑照相法测位移.该法实质上是借助数字图像处理技术,通过物体位移前后二个散斑场之间的相关性来进行位移测量方法的发展.文中给出了理论分析和实验系统.实验结果表明,该法有诸如准实时,大量程(毫米级),高精度和线性可靠等优点. 相似文献
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采用离面位移测量精度达到10 nm~20 nm的电子散斑干涉测量系统验证了双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的离面位移测量精度。分别用电子散斑干涉测量系统和双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统同时测量了平板离面位移,并对所测量的位移最大值进行了分析处理及比较。结果表明,双目视觉数字散斑相关测量系统的物体离面位移分布云图与电子散斑干涉测量系统的结果基本相同,且两者位移均方根相差为2.76 m~3.56 m,相对误差为4.59%~7.60%。因此,当被测量物体的离面位移大于4 m时,双目视觉Q400测量系统精度可达到电子散斑干涉测量系统的精度。 相似文献
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Asundi A 《Optics letters》2000,25(4):218-220
Speckles usually are of two kinds: laser speckle and white-light speckle. An additional kind, termed a sampled speckle, is proposed. Whereas laser speckles arise from multiple interference of light scattered from an object illuminated by a coherent laser beam and white-light speckles are a physically generated speckle pattern on the surface of the object, sampled speckles are generated as a result of the sampling of a digital image. The generation of these speckles and their application to displacement measurement are demonstrated. 相似文献
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This paper investigates, experimentally, the dynamic properties of triply-scattered speckled speckles and their application to the velocity measurement of a moving diffuse object, which is behind a transparent diffuse screen. The comparison between triply-scattered speckled speckles and singly-scattered normal speckles shows that the triply-scattered speckle pattern has a high degree of randomness in the spatial domain and that its time-varying intensity fluctuations have a rate 72 times that of the normal speckle case in the temporal domain. Consequently, a velocimeter using the triply-scattered speckles can measure the object velocity with a greatly reduced measuring time than when using normal speckles. 相似文献
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Alexei A. Kamshilin Serguei V. Miridonov Igor S. Sidorov Dmitry V. Semenov Ervin Nippolainen 《Optical Review》2009,16(2):160-166
We present an analysis of statistical properties of dynamic speckles to estimate the limiting accuracy of measurements achievable
in a distance sensor using spatially filtered dynamic speckles. The main reason for inaccurate measurements using dynamic
speckles is their stochastic nature. It is shown that the average lifetime of dynamic speckles is the key factor defining
the measurement accuracy. Main conclusions of the theoretical analysis were confirmed in an experiment carried out with a
fast moving rough surface. Special attention is paid to a recently proposed range sensor using dynamic speckles generated
by a fast-deflecting laser beam. It is shown that this sensor possesses the best combination of accuracy and response time. 相似文献
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以散射、干涉及衍射为依据,对动态散斑及多普勒效应成因进行了分析,研究两种物理效应的理论基础及相互关系,用实验方法说明散射及动态散斑间的内在联系,进一步通过分析物体表面散射元数目对两种物理效应的约束能力来佐证两种物理效应的关联性。通过分析得出,在激光多普勒条件下,两种物理效应在本质上具有一致性,多谱勒效应能造成散射光强度振荡,这种强度振荡与动态散斑场的强度起伏密切相关。 相似文献
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The method of increasing sensitivity in laser speckle velocimetry is studied theoretically and experimentally. The sensitivity of the velocimeters is shown to have a fairly strong dependence on the optical configurations, such as the diameter of the incident laser beam-waist, or its position relative to the moving diffuse object to be measured. It is pointed out that the minimal sensitivity appears in the configuration where the converging incident light beam produces its beam waist at the position of a detecting pinhole. In some cases when using image speckles to obtain finite spatial resolution in the object plane, an optimum condition exists which gives the maximal sensitivity. The sensitivity of a laser speckle velocimeter using a spatial filter and two point cross-correlation technique is also discussed. 相似文献
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对超声入射至分布有细小凹坑的界平面,这一类弱散射界面背向散射所形成的超声散斑的一阶统计特性进行了研究.在假设条件下,理论分析的结果表明,空间超声散斑的振幅服从Rice分布,而它们的相位概率密度函数是一个包含Gauss分布函数和Gauss概率积分函数的复合函数.当细孔密度非常大时,超声散斑的振幅就趋于Rayleigh分布.应用作者建立的由计算机控制扫描的实验系统,对这一类弱散射界面反射超声散斑的振幅分布进行了测量.实验结果表明,理论分析的结果是正确的,由此,所作的假设条件也是成立的.
关键词:
弱散射
超声散斑
统计特性 相似文献
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The digital ultrasonic speckle phase-shifting method (USPM), which is introduced in this paper, can be applied to the measurement of small displacement that is smaller than speckle size at the test point compared to traditional ultrasonic speckle correlation method (USCM). Using USPM, a digital ultrasonic reference signal is introduced to interfere with the ultrasonic speckle signal, which is picked up at the test point on an object surface and is referred to as the object signal. As the phase of the reference signal is shifted several times using the software and then they superimpose with the object signal respectively, the phase of the object signal can be calculated according to the intensities of the superimposed signals. If the object surface moves a small distance, the phase variation of the object speckle can be detected by the same process. As a result, the displacement of the object surface can be measured. Based on the feature of ultrasonic speckles, inner surface displacement of an object can be measured using this proposed method. In this case, the effect of outer surface roughness to the measurement accuracy of USPM is examined experimentally. The experimental results show that the measurement is successful when the displacement is smaller than half of the speckle size at the test point and the roughness parameter Ra of the outer surface of the specimen is less than about 5.47 μm. 相似文献
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计算电容是复现电学阻抗单位的基准装置, 利用计算电容值和量子霍尔电阻值可以准确计算出精细结构常数α. 计算电容的本质是通过高准确度地测量屏蔽电极的位移, 实现对电容量值的测量. 因此, 基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的精密电极位移测量系统是计算电容装置中最为核心和关键的部分. 在Fabry-Perot干涉仪测位移过程中, 由于高斯激光束存在轴向Gouy相位, 该附加相位将会引起相邻干涉条纹对应位移的变化(大于或者小于λ/2), 导致位移的测量值与实际值存在偏差. 本文阐述了高斯激光场的传播特性, 利用高斯激光束在自由空间和透过薄透镜复振幅的变换关系, 建立了计算电容装置中Fabry-Perot干涉仪透射光束的传输模型; 通过对不同腔长的Fabry-Perot干涉仪透射光场相位的分析, 获得了高斯激光束轴向Gouy相位修正与传输距离的关系. 结果表明, 当腔长从111.3 mm移动至316.3 mm时, 在接收距离为560 mm的情况下, 高斯光束轴向Gouy 相位引起的位移修正的绝对值最小为0.7 nm, 其相对相位修正量|δL|/|ΔL| = 3.4×10-9. 相似文献