蓝布正挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

研究贵州产蓝布正（Herba Gei）挥发油的化学成分，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取蓝布正挥发性成分，用气相色谱－质谱进行分离测定，结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量；水蒸气蒸馏提取物得率是0．10％，共分离出103种成分，鉴定出40个化学成分，其主要成分为脂肪酸及其甲酯类化合物、萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等，主要有棕榈酸（13．2％）、11，14，17－二十碳三烯酸甲酯（10．4％）、亚油酸（8．6％）、石竹烯氧化物（3．9％）、丁子香酚（3．4％）和反式－植醇（3．2％）等。     

茵陈挥发油的超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的比较

采用超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从菌陈中提取挥发油，用GC－MS法测定其化学成分和相对含量，对两种提取方法所得的挥发油进行比较，水蒸气蒸馏法提取菌陈挥发油的产率为0．03％（w），主要成分为匙叶桉油烯醇、吉玛烯D、反式－石竹烯、2，4－戊二炔苯、β－金石欢烯等；超临界CO2萃取法提取的产率为0．15％(w)，主要成分为百里酚、β－红没药烯、2－异丙基－4－甲基－1－甲氧基苯、异百里酚、2－特丁基－4－（2，4，4－三甲基戊基）苯酚、β－杜松烯等。     

望春玉兰花蕾挥发油的化学成分分析

望春玉兰(magnaolia biondii Pampan.)属木兰科落叶乔木，全国各地均有栽培。木兰科植物的花提制浸膏作香精，花蕾作药用，通称辛夷，具有明显的抗急性炎症效应，是我国传统的中药材之一。关于辛夷挥发油化学成分目前已有报道。但作为组成辛夷正品的不同地域的望春玉兰花蕾，其挥发油化学成分是否相同，为了评价药物质量，我们对甘肃产     

核桃楸叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取核桃楸叶中的挥发油,从核桃楸叶挥发油中分离了57种化合物,用气相色谱/质谱联用法鉴定了51种化合物,占被分离化合物的89.46%,其中烃类(33种,48.03%)、酮类(1种,0.55%)、醇类(5种,25.94%)、酯类(6种,8.43%)、酸类(1种,0.62%)、含氧杂环类(4种,2.62%)及甲酰类(1种,0.65%)等7大类化合物,有3类(27种,51.19%)为已知药用成分,这些数据为新药开发提供了科学信息.     

浙产山鸡椒挥发油成分的GC/MS分析

山鸡椒Litsea cubeba系樟科木姜子属植物,民间亦名山苍子、木姜子等,广布于我国南部省区,具有温中散寒、行气止痛等功效[1].     

大叶桉叶挥发油的化学成分研究

用挥发油提取器提取大叶桉干叶中的挥发油,利用色质联用(GC/MS)产生的双线性数据,藉化学计量学分辨方法,得到了各组分的纯物质色谱峰和质谱图。根据色谱保留时间,同时利用解析所得的纯物质质谱图在NIST质谱数据库进行相似检索来对各个组分进行定性分析;采用色谱峰面积归一法计算各化合物的相对含量。共分离了113个化合物,鉴定了其中90个,占总挥发油的93.28%。主要为萜类、萜醇类等化合物,还成功地检测出一些色谱分离不完全和低含量的组分。     

药用植物猫人参化学成分研究(Ⅲ)--挥发油成分分析

猫人参,为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属大籽猕猴桃A.Macrosperma C.F.Liang植物,主产于浙江富阳、临安等地.具有解毒消肿、祛风除湿的功效,是浙江省的地方习惯用以治疗癌症,特别是治疗食道癌和肝癌的常用中药.     

野生东北刺人参茎挥发油化学成分研究

本文用GC/MS方法分离鉴定了产于中国东北的药用刺人参的茎中20种挥发油成份。其中主要成份为醇类(68.9％)、醛类(17.6％).萜类(4.1％)。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析蘘荷花穗挥发油化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黔产蘘荷花穗挥发油，并用气相色谱-质谱对其成分进行定性分析和峰面积相对含量的测定．共鉴定出45个化学成分，占挥发油总量的95．89％．主要成分为β-水芹烯(34．96％)、α-律草烯(13．09％)、β-榄香烯(7．31％)、β-蒎烯(6．50％)、α-水芹烯(6．07％)、α-蒎烯(3．87％)、β-石竹烯(3．18％)等。     

糖胶树叶挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取糖胶树叶的挥发油.运用气质谱联用(GC-MS)技术研究海南糖胶树叶的挥发油化学成分.并采用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对质量分数.结果共鉴定出36种成分,占总离子流出峰面积的94.83%.糖胶树叶挥发油主要有α-蒎烯(16.62%),2-丙烯酸丁酯(15.86%)和大根香叶烯D(13.37%).本研究可为糖胶树的进一步研究开发和利用提供基础研究数据.     

Optimisation of steam distillation extraction oil from onion by response surface methodology and its chemical composition

Oil extraction from onion was performed by steam distillation. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of ratio of water to raw material, extraction time, zymolysis temperature and distillation times on yield of onion oil. The maximum extraction yield (1.779‰) was obtained as following conditions: ratio of water to raw material was 1, extraction time was 2.5 h, zymolysis temperature was 36° and distillation time was 2.6 h. The experimental values agreed well with those predicted by regression model. The chemical composition of extracted onion oil under the optimum conditions was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. The results showed that sulphur compounds, like alkanes, sulphide, alkenes, ester and alcohol, were the major components of onion oil.     

柚皮蒸馏产物的GC/MS分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法对柚皮外果皮进行了挥发性成分提取。用GC/MS分析法进行了分离鉴定,初步分离出50余个峰,鉴定了44种物质,用面积归一法测定其质量分数。在被测物质中,烃类化合物有13种和含氧有机化合物有31种,主要物质为柠檬烯(75.09%),α 蒎烯(0.84%),β 月桂烯(6.71%),芳樟醇(1 08%),芳樟酯(1.43%),萘酮(4.89%)。     

薤白挥发油成分的超临界CO2萃取及GC-MS分析

采取超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏两种方法提取薤白中的挥发油,比较了两种提取方法得到的挥发油的理化性质,并利用GC-MS对它们进行了定性、定量分析。两种方法的主要提取物均为含硫化合物,但超临界CO2萃取法得到的含硫化合物的数量和质量都高于水蒸气蒸馏法得到的提取物。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取8 h得到的萃取率为1.72%。通过设计的超临界CO2萃取的正交实验,得到了最佳萃取工艺条件为:压力25 MPa,温度40℃,CO2流量为25L/h。最佳萃取时间为120 min,萃取率为4.41%,是水蒸气蒸馏法萃取率的2.8倍。实验结果表明,超临界CO2萃取法简单易行,可以较快速、有效地提取薤白中的挥发油。     

Comparison of different extraction methods: steam distillation, simultaneous distillation and extraction and headspace co-distillation, used for the analysis of the volatile components in aged flue-cured tobacco leaves

Steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and headspace co-distillation (HCD) were compared here for their effectiveness in the extraction of volatile compounds from tobacco. The different grades of aged flue-cured tobacco leaves extracted by the three methods respectively were analyzed using GC-MS. Mass spectra or authentic compounds were used to identify around 408 components in various volatile fractions. On the one hand, the qualitative comparison showed that more compounds were detected in HCD extract (391 components) than in SDE extract (377 components), and the approximately quantitative analysis showed that the total amount of volatile components in SDE extract (445.48 microg/g) was much more than that in HCD extract (315.72 microg/g). But on the other hand, HCD was the most efficient for nearly all the highly volatile compounds among the three methods. As to low-volatile compounds such as lactones, long chain aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters, more was detected in SDE extract than in HCD extract. The SD method (322 components, total amount 228.42 microg/g) was the lowest sensitive to all compounds except semi-volatile fatty acids among the three methods.     

微波辅助提取-GC/MS联用分析苍耳子中油脂成分的研究

采用微波辅助提取-GC/MS联用分析苍耳子中的油脂成分.以V(环已烷):V(丙酮)=1:1为提取溶剂,优化了微波辅助提取的条件.以正二十烷为内标,鉴定出了13种油脂成分,各组分相对保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.15%,相对峰面积的RSD＜3.0%.对不同批次以及不同产地的苍耳子样品进行了对比研究.该方法可用于苍耳子的鉴定和质量控制.     

超临界CO2萃取柚子叶挥发油的研究及GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取柚子叶的挥发性成分,以挥发油得率为衡量工艺参数的指标,通过正交试验法考察超临界CO2萃取过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2的流量及萃取时间4个因素对柚子叶挥发油得率的影响。结果表明20MPa、萃取温度45℃、CO2流量7kg·h-1、萃取时间120min为最佳工艺。通过GC-MS对挥发油进行分析,从柚子叶挥发油中分离出144个组分,鉴定了61种成分,占化合物检出总量的90.4%。     

Ultrasound-assisted dynamic extraction of valuable compounds from aromatic plants and flowers as compared with steam distillation and superheated liquid extraction

A method for the extraction of valuable compounds from plants and flowers (viz. laurel, rosemary, thyme, oregano and tuberose) is proposed. The dynamic approach allows go-and-backward circulation of the extractant (ethanol) through the solid sample subjected to the action of an ultrasound probe (thus reducing sample amount and avoiding overpressure). A multivariate optimisation study and application of the optimum values of the variables to kinetics studies show that 10 min is sufficient to obtain extraction efficiencies that greatly surpass those provided by steam distillation for essential oils or superheated liquid extraction for these oils and other valuable compounds, with lower costs and higher quality of the extract. The extraction time of the proposed method is 176–165 min shorter than steam distillation and 31–20 min shorter than superheated liquid extraction, depending on the target compound.     

Production of essential oil from Cumin seeds

Steam distillation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds was studied to show the effects of particle size, batch size, and distillation rate on their essential oil recovery. Experiments were carried out both on bench and pilot scale. The composition of the oil was analyzed by GC/MS.Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 214–216, May–June, 2000.     

Sicilian lemon oil: Composition of volatile and oxygen heterocyclic fractions and enantiomeric distribution of volatile components

A total of 92 samples of Sicilian lemon oils (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) produced from September 2008 to June 2009, industrially cold-pressed by different extraction techniques (Brown Oil Extractor and Food Machinery Corporation), were analyzed by GC-flame ionization detector (FID) and GC/MS-LRI to investigate the volatile fraction; by RP-HPLC/PDA to determine the non-volatile components and by enantio-GC-FID to determine the enantiomeric ratios of 12 volatile components. This study provides a detailed investigation on the composition of Sicilian lemon essential oils industrially produced during a productive season, with the aim to recognize quality parameters for the characterization of this product. The results obtained are discussed to evaluate seasonal variation, influence of the extraction techniques, and are compared with those obtained for samples produced during different seasons.