CSGD脉冲及瞬变原子化／原子吸收光谱分析技术

本文介绍了ＣＳＧＤ脉冲及瞬变原子化／原子吸收光谱分析技术的有关理论、仪器装置及分析性能，并将此技术同石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析在灵敏度方面进行了比较。     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究：Ⅶ.锗的原子化机理

本文应用Ｘ－射线衍射，Ｘ－射线光电子能谱，俄歇电子能谱和其它一些实验，考察石墨炉升温过程中氟化锗，锗酸钠在石墨探针表面上的形态变化，阐明了它们的原子化机理：ＧｅＦ２与Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３首先分解为ＧｅＯ２，ＧｅＯ２还原为ＧｅＯ，后者在＞２４００Ｋ热分解产生自由态的锗原子，ＧｅＦ２和Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３的原子化均源于ＧｅＯ（ｇ）的气相分解。原子化的升温过程中，在１４００－２４００Ｋ ＧｅＦ２和Ｎａ２ＧｅＯ３都产     

石墨炉原子吸收法中磷酸二氢铵对镉灰化及原子化行为的影响

石墨炉原子吸收法中磷酸二氢铵对镉灰化及原子化行为的影响戴青山，姚金玉，谢文兵，王国平（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词石墨炉原子吸收法，动力学模型，Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ图镉是易挥发性元素，在石墨炉原子吸收法中，灰化温度为３００℃左右...     

氢化物发生石墨炉原子吸收进展

在氢化物发生原子吸收光谱中,石英管是使用较为广泛的原子化器,但由于其气相干扰比较严重,石英管表面性质对分析灵敏度影响较大,因而又发展了石墨炉原子化器。自提出涂钯石墨管原位富集氢化物以后,氢化物发生石墨炉原子吸收受到人们的重视。现将氢化物发生石墨炉原于吸收的主要方法分述如下: 1 石墨炉在线原子化法 所谓石墨炉在线原子化法,是将生成的氢化物直接通入已经达到原子化温度的石墨管里的方法。氢化物可以从石墨炉内气路通入石墨管,也可以从石墨管进样孔进入石墨管。由于石墨炉原子化的温度较高,因而能大大减小可以形成氢化物元素的气相干扰。文献[1]比较了石英管和石墨管两种原子化器的抗干扰能力,其中有关砷和硒的干扰情况见表1。     

横向加热石墨炉的分析性能研究

研究了横向加热石墨炉的恒温性能和分析性能，并与Ｍａｓｓｍａｎｎ型炉进行了比较，结果表明，横向加热石墨炉具有较好的恒温性能，其原子化时间短，原子化温度低，原子吸收信号的占有时间短，特征质量ｍ０值低。     

辉光放电,阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱中阴极材料的研究

辉光放电、阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱中阴极材料的研究张必成（湖北大学化学系，武汉，４３００６２）关键词辉光放电，阴极溅射，阴极材料辉光放电、阴极溅射／瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱（ＴＡＣＳＧＤ／ＡＡＳ）是近年来出现的高灵敏度痕量分析技术［１］．它是通...     

用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水质中微量砷,硒的探讨

采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中微量砷，硒，经大量实验条件摸索，选择不同仪器分析工作条件，找出了最佳升温程序条件，特别是原子化时气流控制，使分析方法的检出限降低为：Ａｓ０．６μｇ／Ｌ，Ｓｅ０．５μｇ／Ｌ。线性范围；Ａｓ０．０００－０．１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｓｅ０．０００－０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ；精密度，相对标准偏差分别为：Ａｓ１．２６％，３．６７％，Ｓｅ２．５６％，４．５７％，回收率为：Ａｓ９８．０％－１１０．     

溶剂萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定盐卤中痕量铷

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱（ＧＦＡＡＳ）研究盐卤中铷的原子化行为和机理,建立了热解石墨管,ＫＮＯ３－ＮＨ４ＮＯ３基体改进剂,１８－冠－６,溴百里香酚蓝,氯仿萃取分离ＧＦＡＡＳ测定盐卤铷的方法。用于测定盐卤中痕量铷,特征质量１．１×１０＾－１０ｇ／０．００４４,加标回收率８９％￣１１０％;相对标准偏差６．２８％（ｎ＝１３）。     

Pt-Ce/KL和Pt/CeKL沸石重整催化剂的研究

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＰｔ┐Ｃｅ／ＫＬＡＮＤＰｔ／ＣｅＫＬＺＥＯＬＩＴＥＲＥＦＯＲＭＩＮＧＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＳＬｕＷｅｉｑｉ，ＬｉＦｅｎｇｙｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＮａｎｃｈａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｃｈａｎｇ３３０...     

MICROCALORIMETRIC AND DEHYDROGENATION ACTIVITY STUDIES OF Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 AND Pt-Sn/γ-Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS

ＭＩＣＲＯＣＡＬＯＲＩＭＥＴＲＩＣＡＮＤＤＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＰｔ／γ┐Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＡＮＤＰｔ┐Ｓｎ／γ┐Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＳ＊ＪｉａＪｉｆｅｉ１，ＳｈｅｎＪｉａｎｙｉ２，ＸｕＺｈｕｓｈｅｎｇ１，ＧｅＸ...     

Effect of 254 NM Irradiation on Mercury Vapor

Abstract

Some observations are reported on the decay of the mercury atomic concentration as a result of irradiation with 254 nm radiation. The rate of fall of the atomic absorption is linearly related to the intensity of incident 254 nm radiation. Some possible mechanisms are suggested.     

原子吸收光谱和原子发射光谱法测定酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁方法比较

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子发射光谱法分别测定了酸雨中的钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的含量,并对两种方法的样品前处理技术、标准曲线、方法检出限、准确度、精密度、干扰及消除等进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异,均可用于酸雨中钾、钠、钙、镁4种元素的测定。     

Combined use of atomic spectrometric methods in the analysis of rocks

Standard reference materials of limestone, granite and argillite were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XFS), flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS and G-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Si and Ti were determined by XFS and ICP-AES. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the concentrations of the corresponding oxides obtained by XFS and ICP-AES were (1.36±0.51)% (n=18) and (1.30±0.70)% (n=17), respectively, on the average. The relative deviations (RD) from the certified values were (1.29±3.01)% (n=18) and (–0.69±5.48)% (n=14), respectively, on the average. The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the single RSD- and RD-values used for the calculation of the averages and the relative standard deviations. Some minor and trace elements of the standard reference materials were determined by G-AAS and ICP-AES. The precision (RSD) was markedly better in the case of ICP-AES. On the other hand, the accuracy (RD) of both methods was about the same (7%). Apparently, the precision and the accuracy are primarily determined by the measuring technique and the sample pretreatment procedure, respectively. The analytical power of the combined use of atomic spectrometric methods is also discussed.     

Atomic decomposition of identity: General formalism for population analysis and energy decomposition

The concept of “atomic resolution of identity” has been introduced, leading to a very simple general formalism for generating different decomposition schemes of molecular quantities. Thus, different population analysis and energy partitioning schemes can be treated as special cases of a common framework. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Experimental Parameters Affecting the Intensity of Cadmium Electrodeless Discharge Lamps

Abstract

Several experimental parameters have been found to affect the intensity of microwave excited electrodeless discharge emission at the cadmium resonance line (228.8 nm.). A thorough study of the effect of pressure of the fill gas, microwave power applied to the tube; and weight of Cd introduced into the tube has been accomplished. Direct comparisons of Cd resonance emission for the cases of He, Ne, Ar and air fill gases are presented. From these studies preductions of optimum conditions for construction and operation of Cd electrodeless discharge lamps may be made.     

分子轨道成分的计算

量子化学文献中经常涉及到“分子轨道成分”概念, 然而相应的计算方法却没有普遍得到重视, 甚至存在严重误区. 专门对分子轨道中基函数的成分、原子轨道的成分以及原子的成分这些基本概念和计算方法进行了详细讨论, 通过实例分析比较了不同方法间的差异, 同时指出了计算和分析时需要注意的问题, 给出了在方法选择上的建议.     

原子光谱法测量火焰温度

火焰温度的准确测量一直是重要的研究课题,对于构建燃烧模型、探究原子化机理、燃烧反应机理和减少燃烧过程中污染物的排放等具有重要意义。非接触式测温法因对火焰燃烧状态几乎无干扰受到特别关注,是火焰温度测量的重要技术手段,其中原子光谱法由于其固有的非接触式特性及谱线简单、光谱信号强、操作简便等优点,在高温诊断领域中得到了广泛的关注和应用。原子光谱法测温是根据处于不同能级的原子光谱信号结合热力学平衡状态下的玻尔兹曼能级分布来进行火焰温度的测量。按照采集的原子光谱信号的来源,原子光谱法可分为原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法3类。该文简述了原子光谱相关测温方法的原理、发展及应用,包括原子吸收光谱双线法、原子发射光谱双线法、多谱线斜率法(玻尔兹曼图解法)与原子荧光光谱双线法等。     

原子吸收光谱和原子发射光谱法测定工业废水中的总铬

为了探讨原子吸收光谱法和原子发射光谱法测定工业废水中的总铬分析方法的异同,分别采用两种方法对工业废水中的总铬进行了对比分析,对样品前处理方法,方法的标准曲线、检出限、准确度、精密度、干扰及消除等进行了比较,并对两种方法的测定结果进行t检验。结果表明,两种方法具有良好的一致性。相对来说,原子发射光谱法各方面指标要优于原子吸收光谱法。     

Emission Characteristics of Jet Configurations for Jet-Boosted Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Comparisons of emission characteristics and analytical performance have been made between three types of jet configuration. These include cone-jet configuration, six-jet configuration, and cylinder-jet configuration. The cone-jet configuration shows the highest emission intensity among all jet configurations. Regardless of the jet configuration, the Cu II 224.70 nm emission line was found to be the most dominant of all Cu emission lines. The intensity ratios of the resonance line Cu I 324.75 to a nonresonance line Cu I 282.44 nm was 1.3 for the six-jet configuration, 2.3 for the cylinder jet, and 2.8 for the cone jet. This may indicate that self-absorption was significant in six-jet configuration. The effects of main and auxiliary gas flow rates on the emission characteristics for the cone jet configuration were also investigated. The intensity of Cu I at 324.75 and 327.40 nm decreases about 30% when the gas flow rate increased from 0 to 150 ml/min, while the intensities of Cu II 224.70 nm and the UV–Visible Cu I 510.55-, 515.32-, and 521.82-nm lines increased by a factor of 2 to 3. The decrease in intensity of the resonance line relative to the Cu II and Cu I green lines may be caused by self-absorption. The cone-jet and six-jet configurations show comparable values of precision, linearity, and detection limits, while the cylinder-jet configuration provides the worst analytical performance among three types of jet configurations. The linearity of the calibration curve was the worst in the six-jet configuration due to self-absorption.