激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩分裂

通过数值求解一维非线性薛定谔方程,研究了圆偏振入射激光脉冲在初始密度范围为1/4到略低于1倍临界密度的等离子体中的自压缩和分裂现象. 提高等离子体密度和入射激光强度以及减小脉冲宽度可以在更短的传输距离获得有效的激光脉冲压缩,压缩后的脉冲半高宽度可达到初始脉冲半高宽度的1/35,甚至更小. 这种压缩是激光脉冲在等离子体中形成高阶孤子的过程中产生的,可以获得比在稀薄等离子体中更好的压缩比例. 数值计算的结果给出了该情况下激光脉冲在等离子体中自压缩后形成的高阶孤子分裂. 利用一维粒子数值模拟程序(particle-in-cell,PIC)也观察到了脉冲的压缩和分裂现象,得到了与数值计算一致的结果. 关键词： 非线性薛定谔方程 自压缩 脉冲分裂 粒子模拟     

飞秒激光脉冲在正色散固体材料中的自压缩

实验研究了正色散固体介质中的激光脉冲自压缩现象,证明了无需任何外加色散补偿情况下，固体透明介质中的自聚焦传输过程可使高功率飞秒激光脉冲实现时域脉冲压缩，并详细研究了输出脉冲的时域和频域特性随入射脉冲强度的演化规律.实验结果表明脉冲自压缩量随入射脉冲强度的增加呈递增趋势，然而当入射光强增大到足以引起超连续谱及锥形辐射产生时，脉冲时域形状会发生分裂.此外还发现发散光束入射情况下同样可以观察到脉冲自压缩现象. 关键词： 超短激光脉冲 脉冲压缩 非线性传输     

共振光子晶体中Laue孤子传播的动力学行为

从理论上研究了Laue孤子传播的动力学行为，并通过数值模拟验证了这些行为.结果表明，由于非线性衍射，入射脉冲会分裂产生四种模式，其中产生的Laue孤子的传播行为与一般共振介质中孤子的传播行为相似.     

飞秒脉冲在硅波导中产生超连续谱的研究

利用非线性薛定谔方程对飞秒脉冲在硅波导中的传输以及超连续谱的产生进行了研究,计算和分析了色散参量及非线性损耗在超连续谱的产生过程中的影响.结果表明,孤子分裂是飞秒脉冲在硅波导中产生超连续谱的主要机理.飞秒脉冲中心波长与波导零色散点的相对位置对超连续谱的产生有极大影响.当中心波长位于近零色散点的反常色散区时,孤子分裂现象最明显,谱宽远大于在零色散波长及正常色散处入射时的情况,并且达到稳定展宽所需波导长度最短.其次,高阶色散的大小也会影响光谱展宽,三阶色散绝对值较小时,能够获得较大的展宽.另外,由于双光子吸收效应带来大量损耗,限制了谱宽,并且随着初始脉冲功率的逐渐增大,展宽出现饱和现象. 关键词： 超连续谱 孤子分裂 色散 硅波导     

非线性光纤光栅在禁带内对光脉冲压缩的机制

研究了非线性光纤光栅在禁带内对光脉冲的压缩机制，结果表明这是一介储能－调出禁带的过程，入射脉冲首先在光纤光栅中激发能量密度波包，它是有限长光纤光栅中的准孤立波，其在光纤光栅输出端的能量损失形成输出脉冲，并决定了输出脉冲的脉宽和峰值功率。在脉冲压缩过程中，自振荡效应可以导致输出脉冲的分裂，利用这种效应可以提高脉冲压缩比。     

高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子成形的影响

本文采用拉格朗日近似方法讨论了高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子传输特性的影响,给出了计入五阶非线性时入射到双折射光纤中的光脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的阈值条件。研究结果表明,与不计入高阶非线性的情形相比,正的高阶非线性减小入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值;负的高阶非线性的存在,不仅提高了入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值,而且还存在着入射脉冲演化成束缚亮弧子对的振幅上界。     

飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中超连续谱产生的研究

从非线性薛定谔方程出发,利用分步傅里叶方法,研究了时空耦合飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,传输距离、入射激光脉冲峰值功率、衍射、色散和非线性等因素对超连续谱产生的影响。结果表明,飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,超连续谱的产生主要分为两阶段：由材料的自聚焦等三阶非线性效应引起的脉冲压缩阶段及由自相位调制和材料群速度色散引起脉冲分裂阶段。当高峰值功率的飞秒脉冲在熔石英玻璃中传输时,材料的三阶非线性效应抑制衍射效应,引起脉冲压缩,从而产生子脉冲,由此引入新的频率成分。同时,还研究了同一脉冲不同横向空间位置处的超连续谱的变化规律,在中心频率两侧均有新频率产生。最后,通过实验证实了超连续谱的产生。     

宽频带光束非线性热像效应的实验研究

实验研究宽频带脉冲光束通过非线性介质时的非线性热像的形成过程,揭示了光束入射功率和脉冲宽度、介质厚度等因素对热像光强和位置的影响. 结果表明,与单纵模激光束一样,在宽频带脉冲光束情形下,非线性介质上游元件的模糊斑调制也可导致在下游共轭位置形成热像. 热像光强随入射光束功率的增加而增加;若脉冲能量一定,则热像光强随脉冲宽度的增加而减弱;若脉冲峰值功率一定,则热像光强随脉冲宽度的增加而增强. 关键词： 高功率激光 热像 宽带光束 小尺度自聚焦     

由激光等离子体细丝引起的二次谐波侧向空间分辨谱

本文从实验上,用窄频带和宽频带激光,在无预脉冲和有预脉冲两种情况下,辐照平面Al靶.在垂直入射激光方向观察到高光谱分辨(～0.2?)和空间分辨(～2μm)的二次谐波空间分辨谱.通过分析各种现象,基本上证明了在垂直入射激光方向的二次谐波辐射是由激光与等离子体细丝相互作用所引起的,而不是由平面波与等离子体相互作用引起的,理论和实验基本一致.     

高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子成形的影响

本文采用拉格朗日近似方法讨论了高阶非线性对双折射光纤中亮孤子传输特性的影响，给出了计入五阶非线性时入射到双折射光纤中的光脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的阈值条件。研究结果表明，与不计入高阶非线性的情形相比，正的高阶非线性减小入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值；负的高阶非线性的存在，不仅提高了入射脉冲演化成束缚亮孤子对的振幅阈值，而且还存在着入射脉冲演化成束缚亮弧子对的振幅上界。     

Amplitude and phase measurements of femtosecond pulse splitting in nonlinear dispersive media

Frequency-resolved optical gating is used to characterize the propagation of intense femtosecond pulses in a nonlinear, dispersive medium. The combined effects of diffraction, normal dispersion, and cubic nonlinearity lead to pulse splitting. The role of the phase of the input pulse is studied. The results are compared with the predictions of a three-dimensional nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.     

强脉冲信号在光纤参变放大器中的放大特性研究

考虑到抽运损耗、走离、色散和非线性等效应,用分步傅里叶方法求解耦合的非线性薛定谔方程组,就强脉冲信号在连续光抽运光纤参变放大器中的放大情况进行了理论研究。研究结果表明,强脉冲信号除经历振幅放大,脉冲时域展宽等过程外,还会发生令人感兴趣的脉冲分裂现象,即一个脉冲信号分裂为两个子脉冲。而且即使在连续光抽运的情况下,走离效应对强脉冲信号的放大也产生了显著影响,即促使两个子脉冲振幅不等以及脉冲漂移。最后,强脉冲信号独特的放大特性用光纤参变放大器的饱和增益特性做了很好的解释,并指出脉冲分裂现象在信号抽样、脉冲压缩、光时分复用系统中有潜在用途。     

Breakdown of the slowly varying envelope approximation in the self-focusing of ultrashort pulses

We show theoretically and experimentally that with ultrashort pulses much longer than a single optical cycle, the effects of self-steepening and space-time focusing are important for describing the nonlinear dynamics of self-focusing. Asymmetric temporal splitting of the pulse envelope is observed in which the relative magnitudes of the peaks are reversed as the input power is increased.     

Chirp controllable all-optical router in a nonlinear directional coupler

We analyzed the evolution of chirped optical pulses in a nonlinear directional coupler by coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. It is shown that an optical pulses launched into one channel can couple out from either of the two channels of the nonlinear directional coupler, with the routing determined by the chirp of the pulse. This is different from the previous routing mechanism of the nonlinear directional coupler where routing is determined by the peak power of the pulse. Based on the chirp-dependent feature, all-optical router and switch could be implemented by the pulse chirp modulation.     

Generation of time-dependent ultra-short optical pulse trains in the presence of self-steepening effect

Starting from the extended nonlinear Schr?dinger equation in which the self-steepening effect is included, the evolution and the splitting processes of continuous optical wave whose amplitude is perturbed into time related ultra-short optical pulse trains in an optical fibre are numerically simulated by adopting the split-step Fourier algorithm. The results show that the self-steepening effect can cause the characteristic of the pulse trains to vary with time, which is different from the self-steepening-free case where the generated pulse trains consist of single pulses which are identical in width, intensity, and interval, namely when pulses move a certain distance, they turn into the pulse trains within a certain time range. Moreover, each single pulse may split into several sub-pulses. And as time goes on, the number of the sub-pulses will decrease gradually and the pulse width and the pulse intensity will change too. With the increase of the self-steepening parameter, the distance needed to generate time-dependent pulse trains will shorten. In addition, for a large self-steepening parameter and at the distance where more sub-pulses appear, the corresponding frequency spectra of pulse trains are also wider.     

Effects of higher-order dispersion on pulse splitting in the normal dispersion regime

By solving numerically the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation we investigate the influence of higher-order dispersion effects on the propagation of optical pulses in the normal dispersion regime in a highly nonlinear fiber. Already a small amount of third-order dispersion can lead to a pulse-breakup above a certain pulse power. The splitting is followed by an expansion of the spectrum towards longer wavelengths without any impact of Raman scattering. The transfer of energy to longer wavelengths strongly depends on the dispersion profile of the fiber.     

三角形光脉冲在正色散光纤中产生的实验研究

利用一种无源非线性脉冲整形方法, 实现了在普通正色散(ND)光纤中产生三角形光脉冲, 此方法依赖于脉冲预啁啾和脉冲在ND光纤中传输时群速度色散与自相位调制的相互作用. 实验研究表明, 在较宽的脉冲预啁啾值范围内, 通过优化脉冲输入功率和脉冲传输的ND光纤长度, 均可得到典型的三角形光脉冲: 脉冲时域形状前后沿的变化率接近恒定、整个脉冲具有线性频率啁啾. 另外, 在不同的脉冲预啁啾下, 要得到高质量的三角形光脉冲, 均需要较高的脉冲输入功率; 并且脉冲预啁啾较大时, 三角形脉冲的形成对ND光纤长度和脉冲输入功率有较大的容差, 易获得三角形光脉冲.     

基于色散不对称光纤环形镜的锁模光纤激光器

在理论上数值计算了各种常量对色散不对称非线性光纤环形镜透射特性的影响。并分析了它作为被动锁模器件用于光纤激光器压窄脉冲的物理机制。利用8字形主被动混合锁模的结构在调制频率为9．998748700 GHz，波长为1566．65nm处获得了11ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出．对应谱宽0．297nm．同时在重复频率为9．995792825 GHz和9．996778256 GHz时分别得到了振幅均匀的二阶和三阶谐波锁模输出。证明色散不对称非线性光纤环形镜可以有效消减脉冲的尾翼和噪声．得到脉幅稳定的脉冲序列。     

Coherent Interband and Intersubband Dynamics in Terahertz-Driven GaAs Quantum Wells

We theoretically investigate the optical absorption spectra and charge density by subjecting a GaAs quantum well to both an intense terahertz (THz)-frequency driving field and an optical pulse within the theory of density matrix. In presence of a strong THz field, the optical transitions in quantum well subbands are altered by the THz field. The alteration has a direct impact on the optical absorption and the charge density. The excitonic peak splitting and THz optical sideband in the absorption spectra show up when changing the THz field intensity and/or frequency. The Autler-Towns splitting is a result from the THz nonlinear dynamics of confined excitons. On the other hand, the carrier charge density is created as wave packets formed by coherent superposition of several eigenstates. The charge density exhibitsquantum beats for short pulses and/or wider wells and is modulated by the THz field.