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Grzegorz Mlosto Katarzyna Urbaniak Mihaela Gulea Serge Masson Anthony Linden Heinz Heimgartner 《Helvetica chimica acta》2005,88(10):2582-2592
The reaction of the methyl (dialkoxyphosphinyl)‐dithioformates (= methyl dialkoxyphosphinecarbodithioate 1‐oxides) 10 with CH2N2 at − 65° in THF yielded cycloadducts which eliminated N2 between − 40 and − 35° to give the corresponding phosphonodithioformate S‐methanides ( =methylenesulfonium (dialkoxyoxidophosphino)(methylthio)methylides) 11 (Scheme 3). These reactive 1,3‐dipoles were intercepted by aromatic thioketones to yield 1,3‐dithiolanes. Whereas the reaction with thiobenzophenone ( 12b ) led to the sterically more congested isomers 15 regioselectively, a mixture of both regioisomers was obtained with 9H‐fluorene‐9‐thione ( 12a ). Trapping of 11 with phosphono‐ and sulfonodithioformates led exclusively to the sterically less hindered 1,3‐dithiolanes 16 and 18 , respectively (Scheme 4). In addition, reactive CC dipolarophiles such as ethenetetracarbonitrile, maleic anhydride, and N‐phenylmaleimide as well as the NN dipolarophile dimethyl diazenedicarboxylate were shown to be efficient interceptors of 11 (Scheme 5). 相似文献
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The reactions of several thioketones containing a conjugated C?C bond with diazo compounds were investigated. All of the selected compounds reacted via a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with the C?S group and subsequent N2 elimination to yield thiocarbonyl ylides as intermediates, which underwent a 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization to give the corresponding thiirane 25 , or, by a subsequent desulfurization, to give the olefins 33a and 33b . None of the intermediate thiocarbonyl ylides reacted via 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization. If the α,β‐unsaturated thiocarbonyl compound bears an amino group in the β‐position, the reactions with diazo compounds led to the 2,5‐dihydrothiophenes 40a – 40d . In these cases, the proposed mechanism of the reactions led once more to the thiocarbonyl ylides 36 and thiiranes 38 , respectively. The thiiranes reacted via an SNi′‐like mechanism to give the corresponding thiolate/ammonium zwitterion 39 , which underwent a ring closure to yield the 2,5‐dihydrothiophenes 40 . Also in these cases, no 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization could be observed. The structures of several key products were established by X‐ray crystallography. 相似文献
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Several reactions of the α,β‐unsaturated thioamide 8 with diazo compounds 1a – 1d were investigated. The reactions with CH2N2 ( 1a ), diazocyclohexane ( 1b ), and phenyldiazomethane ( 1c ) proceeded via a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the diazo dipole at the C?C bond to give the corresponding 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbothioamides 12a – 12c , i.e., the regioisomer which arose from the bond formation between the N‐terminus of the diazo compound and the C(α)‐atom of 8 . In the reaction of 1a with 8 , the initially formed cycloadduct, the 4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbothioamide 11a , was obtained after a short reaction time. In the case of 1c , two tautomers 12c and 12c ′ were formed, which, by derivatization with 2‐chlorobenzoyl chloride 14 , led to the crystalline products 15 and 15 ′. Their structures were established by X‐ray crystallography. From the reaction of 8 and ethyl diazoacetate ( 1d ), the opposite regioisomer 13 was formed. The monosubstituted thioamide 16 reacted with 1a to give the unstable 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbothioamide 17 . 相似文献
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Organocatalyzed and Uncatalyzed CC/CC and CC/CN Exchange Processes between Knoevenagel and Imine Compounds in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
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Molecular diversity generation through reversible component exchange has acquired great importance in the last decade with the development of dynamic covalent chemistry. We explore here the recombination of components linked by C?C and C?N bonds through reversible double‐bond formation, and cleavage in C?C/C?C and C?C/C?N exchange processes. The reversibility of the Knoevenagel reaction has been explored, and C?C/C?C C/C exchanges have been achieved among different benzylidenes, under organocatalysis by secondary amines such as L ‐proline. The substituents of these benzylidenes were shown to play a very important role in the kinetics of the exchange reactions. L ‐Proline is also used to catalyze the reversible C?C/C?C exchange between Knoevenagel derivatives of barbituric acid and malononitrile. Finally, the interconversion between Knoevenagel derivatives of dimethylbarbituric acid and imines (C?C/C?N exchange) has been studied and was found to occur rapidly in the absence of catalyst. The results of this study pave the way for the extension of dynamic combinatorial chemistry based on C?C/C?C and C?C/C?N exchange systems. 相似文献
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Grzegorz Mlostoń Katarzyna Urbaniak Małgorzata Domagała Arno Pfitzner Manfred Zabel Heinz Heimgartner 《Helvetica chimica acta》2009,92(12):2631-2642
The thermal reaction of trans‐1‐methyl‐2,3‐diphenylaziridine (trans‐ 1a ) with aromatic and cycloaliphatic thioketones 2 in boiling toluene yielded the corresponding cis‐2,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐thiazolidines cis‐ 4 via conrotatory ring opening of trans‐ 1a and a concerted [2+3]‐cycloaddition of the intermediate (E,E)‐configured azomethine ylide 3a (Scheme 1). The analogous reaction of cis‐ 1a with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate ( 5 ) gave dimethyl trans‐2,5‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐2,5‐diphenylpyrrole‐3,4‐dicarboxylate (trans‐ 6 ) in accord with orbital‐symmetry‐controlled reactions (Scheme 2). On the other hand, the reactions of cis‐ 1a and trans‐ 1a with dimethyl dicyanofumarate ( 7a ), as well as that of cis‐ 1a and dimethyl dicyanomaleate ( 7b ), led to mixtures of the same two stereoisomeric dimethyl 3,4‐dicyano‐1‐methyl‐2,5‐diphenylpyrrolidine‐3,4‐dicarboxylates 8a and 8b (Scheme 3). This result has to be explained via a stepwise reaction mechanism, in which the intermediate zwitterions 11a and 11b equilibrate (Scheme 6). In contrast, cis‐1,2,3‐triphenylaziridine (cis‐ 1b ) and 7a gave only one stereoisomeric pyrrolidine‐3,4‐dicarboxylate 10 , with the configuration expected on the basis of orbital‐symmetry control, i.e., via concerted reaction steps (Scheme 10). The configuration of 8a and 10 , as well as that of a derivative of 8b , were established by X‐ray crystallography. 相似文献
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The reversibly formed C?N bond plays a very important role in dynamic covalent chemistry and the C?N/C?N exchange of components between different imine constituents to create dynamic covalent libraries has been extensively used. To facilitate diversity generation, we have investigated an organocatalyzed approach, using L ‐proline as catalyst, to accelerate the formation of dynamic libraries of [n×n] imine components. The organocatalysis methodology has also been extended, under somewhat modified conditions, to reversible C?C/C?N exchange processes between Knoevenagel derivatives of barbituric acid and imines, allowing for the generation of increased diversity. 相似文献
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Carbonyl ylides arising from ethyl acetodiazoacetate/dimethyl diazomalonate and α,β‐enones with mainly s‐cis conformations underwent disrotatory cyclization to produce dihydrofuran derivatives. This process proved to be sensitive to steric effects. The corresponding ylides arising from rather s‐trans α,β‐enals yielded dioxole derivatives. The mechanisms of the reactions are discussed. 相似文献
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Issa Yavari Ramin Pashazadeh Reza Hosseinpour Ehsan Ghanbari 《Helvetica chimica acta》2013,96(12):2191-2195
An efficient synthesis of alkyl 5‐(alkylimino)‐3‐aryl(alkyl)‐2‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4‐hydroxythiazolidine‐4‐carboxylates, containing polarized C?C bonds, via reaction of malononitrile, arylisothiocyanates, and the Nef‐isocyanide adducts, under basic conditions, is described. 相似文献
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In this study, (E)‐ and (Z)‐enones carrying only a phenyl substituent at their C(β) atom were treaced with dimethyl diazomalonate in the presence of (acetylacetonato)copper(II). According to the configuration of the starting enones, the products were dioxole or dihydrofuran derivatives, significant heterocycles in natural products. 相似文献
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