复合材料桥纤维拔出的动态裂纹模型

在无限大正交各向异性体弹性平面上对复合材料桥纤维平行自由表面的内部中央裂纹提出了桥纤维拔出的动态裂纹模型。通过复变函数将其转化为Reimann-Hilbert混合边界值问题。求得了裂纹在坐标原点受载荷Px/t、Px2/t作用的解析解。利用这一解析解可通过迭加原理求得任意复杂问题的解。     

DYNAMIC CRACK MODELS ON PROBLEM OF BRIDGING FIBER PULL-OUT OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

An elastic analysis of an internal central crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic anisotropic elastic plane was performed. A dynamic model of bridging fiber pull-out of composite materials was presented. Resultingly the fiber failure is governed by maximum tensile stress, the fiber breaks and hence the crack extension should occur in self-similar fashion. By the methods of complex functions, the problem studied can be transformed into the dynamic model to the Reimann-Hilbert mixed boundary value problem, and a straightforward and easy analytical solution is presented. Analytical study on the crack propagation subjected to a ladder load and an instantaneous pulse loading is obtained respectively for orthotropic anisotropic body. By utilizing the solution, the concrete solutions of this model are attained by ways of superposition.     

Asymmetrical dynamic fracture model of bridging fiber pull-out of unidirectional composite materials

An elastic analysis of an internal crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic anisotropic elastic plane is studied, and asymmetrical dynamic fracture model of bridging fiber pull-out of unidirectional composite materials is presented for analyzing the distributions of stress and displacement with the internal asymmetrical crack under the loading conditions of an applied non-homogenous stress and the traction forces on crack faces yielded by the bridging fiber pull-out model. Thus the fiber failure is ascertained by maximum tensile stress, the fiber ruptures and hence the crack propagation should also appear in the modality of self-similarity. The formulation involves the development of a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Analytical solution of an asymmetrical propagation crack of unidirectional composite materials under the conditions of two increasing loads given is obtained, respectively. In terms of correlative material properties, the variable rule of dynamic stress intensity factor was depicted very well. After those analytical solutions were utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrary complex problems could be gained.     

An asymmetrical dynamic model for bridging fiber pull-out of unidirectional composite materials

An elastic analysis of an internal crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic elastic plane is studied. An asymmetrical dynamic model for bridging fiber pull-out of unidirectional composite materials is presented for analyzing the distributions of stress and displacement with the internal asymmetrical crack under the loading conditions of an applied non-homogenous stress and the traction forces on crack faces yielded by the bridging fiber pull-out model. Thus the fiber failure is determined by maximum tensile stress, resulting in fiber rupture and hence the crack propagation would occur in a self-similarity manner. The formulation involves the development of a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Analytical solution of an asymmetrical propagation crack of unidirectional composite materials under the conditions of two moving loads given is obtained, respectively. After those analytical solutions were utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrary complex problems could be obtained.     

Dynamics of asymmetrical crack propagation in composite materials

When a crack appears in composite materials, the fibrous system will form bridges, and the crack propagates asymmetrically as a rule. A dynamic model of an asymmetrical crack propagation is considered and investigated by applying the self-similar functions. The formulation involves the development of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. The analytical solution of an asymmetrical propagation crack of composite materials under the action of variable moving loads and unit-step moving loads is obtained.     

层间短纤维的桥联和增韧分析

根据短纤维在层间杂乱分布和接近裂纹表面的特点，考虑基体剥落和纤维拉出耦合，本文建立了一个层间短纤维桥联模型，分析短纤维的层间增韧机理和主要影响因素。计算结果表明，纤维增强树脂层板在层间加入少量的Kevlar短纤维时，裂纹张开位移导致短纤维从基体中剥离和拉出，在纤维相互干扰下，拉出过程中产生大的能量耗散，从而明显地提高层间断裂韧性。纤维界面性质对△G1c有重要影响，纤维杂乱分布引起的相互干扰及纤维初始弯曲，使层间断裂韧性显著增加。比较表明，△G1c的理论预测与实验结果相符合。     

A second-order dynamic subgrid-scale stress model

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A new 2D discrete model applied to dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials

In this work, a 2D discrete model (DM) applied to the dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials is developed and implemented. The proposed model is based on a particular discretization of Navier’s equations, presenting similarities to the Born model, with the advantage that the constants appearing in it are explicitly related to the elastic properties. This model overcomes the limitations in the choice of Poisson’s ratio present in other discrete models. Three numerical examples are presented to show the capability of this method in modelling wave propagation and dynamic fracture problems. The obtained results are in agreement with experimental and numerical results reported by other researchers.     

单向纤维复合材料粘弹性性能预测

建立了基于均匀化理论的单向纤维复合材料粘弹性性能预测方法。对单向纤维增强复合材料粘弹性问题的控制方程进行Laplace变换,在像空间中利用均匀化理论建立宏观松弛模量的Laplace变换与微结构描述参数以及变换参数间的关系。用Prony级数模拟松弛模量随变换参数的变化形式,并根据像空间中一系列变换参数对应的松弛模量的数值,采用函数拟合技术确定Prony级数的形式,从而确定用显示形式表示的松弛模量的Laplace变换随变换参数的变化规律。对显式表达式的逆变换获得时间域内的松弛模量。该方法利用拟合函数的逆变换避开了复杂的数值Laplace逆变换,使单向纤维增强复合材料的粘弹性性能的确定变得容易。文中给出了单向纤维复合材料松弛模量的数值预测结果并同有限元法模拟试验的结果对比,验证了预测结果的准确性以及本文方法的有效性。     

A micromechanical basis for partitioning the evolution of grain bridging in brittle materials

A micromechanical model is developed for grain bridging in monolithic ceramics. Specifically, bridge formation of a single, non-equiaxed grain spanning adjacent grains is addressed. A cohesive zone framework enables crack initiation and propagation along grain boundaries. The evolution of the bridge is investigated through a variance in both grain angle and aspect ratio. We propose that the bridging process can be partitioned into five distinct regimes of resistance: propagate, kink, arrest, stall, and bridge. Although crack propagation and kinking are well understood, crack arrest and subsequent “stall” have been largely overlooked. Resistance during the stall regime exposes large volumes of microstructure to stresses well in excess of the grain boundary strength. Bridging can occur through continued propagation or reinitiation ahead of the stalled crack tip. The driving force required to reinitiate is substantially greater than the driving force required to kink. In addition, the critical driving force to reinitiate is sensitive to grain aspect ratio but relatively insensitive to grain angle. The marked increase in crack resistance occurs prior to bridge formation and provides an interpretation for the rapidly rising resistance curves which govern the strength of many brittle materials at realistically small flaw sizes.     

混凝土类材料动态拉伸强度的微观力学模型

基于水泥砂浆试样动态劈裂拉伸实验,研究了不同加载速率下水泥砂浆材料动态劈裂时的裂纹发 生和扩展规律,提出一个微观力学模型。结果表明,微裂纹惯性是混凝土类材料动态拉伸实验中测量到的动 态拉伸强度随应变率的增加而提高的一种微观机制。     

Elastic wave scattering and dynamic stress in composite with fiber

IntroductionTheproblemofscatteringofelasticwavesinsolidstructureshasnotonlytheoreticalsignificancebutalsowideoutlookinengineering .Thisproblemhasabsorbedmanypeople’sattentionsinmanyfieldssuchasaeronautics,compositemechanics,civilengineeringandearthquakeengineering[1～ 3 ] .Thepropagatingvelocityanddirectionofelasticwaveareinvariableasitpropagatesinaninfiniteuniformmedium .Butscatteringofelasticwavescanoccurifthereexistsincontinuitysuchasinclusion ,crackandcavityinelasticmedium .Fiber_reinfor…     

拱坝-地基动力体系的简化计算模型及其在地震作用下的动力反应分析

通过对拱坝地基的半无限空间动力体系的分析,提出了拱坝－地基动力相互作用问题的简化求解途径,并结合小湾拱坝进行了实际分析。结果表明,这种直接应用于时域求解的简化模型,既反映了影响相互作用的主要因素,又使计算工作量大大减少,结果可靠合理,便于工程上的推广应用,同时为进一步进行非线性体系在时域中的简化计算打下了基础。     

Experimental investigation of dynamic punch tests on isotropic and composite materials

An experimental investigation is conducted on the two-dimensional punch problem for isotropic materials and unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite materials under quasi-static and impact loading. Singular stresses are generated in the specimen near the punch corners, and the stress intensity factorK _Iis introduced to describe the singular stress field. Laser interferometry is used to measure in-plane stresses (transmission mode) and out-of-plane displacements (reflection mode) and then estimate the stress intensity factor. In the dynamic case, a high-speed photography technique was employed to capture the transient response of the specimen and measureK(t) just after the impact. In all the cases, a good agreement between the measurements ofK and theoretical predictions was found.     

布里渊光纤陀螺增大动态范围新方案

针对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围较小的问题,在比较了以往各种方案动态范围的基础上,提出了一种基于光强补偿的布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围增大方案.该方案使用大功率窄带激光器做泵浦源,在光路中引入光衰减器以及分光比不对称的耦合器,并通过反馈回路对两路光光强进行实时调节,从而可以消除泵浦游走效应对布里渊光纤陀螺动态范围的影响.通过分析和...     

Elastic field of a composite cylinder with a spatially varying dynamic eigenstrain

The analytical solutions of displacements and stresses for an eigenstrain problem in a composite bi-layered coaxial cylinder are presented in this article. The inner cylinder is assumed to undergo a dynamic, spatially varying eigenstrain. The spatial distribution of the eigenstrian is taken to be a quadratic polynomial with arbitrary coefficients along the radial direction. Furthermore, the eigenstrain is assumed to be harmonically time-dependent. Elasticity equations are constructed to directly solve the problem. The effect of spatial distribution, as well as the angular frequency of the eigenstrain on the elastic response of the composite cylinder has been illustrated graphically.     

A secant-viscosity composite model for the strain-rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline materials

In order to address the strain-rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline solids, a secant-viscosity composite model is developed in this article. The microgeometry of the composite is taken to consist of the grain-interior phase and the grain-boundary affected zone (GBAZ) as suggested by Schwaiger et al. [Schwaiger, R., Moser, B., Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Suresh, S., 2003. Some critical experiments on the strain-rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline nickel. Acta Mater. 51, 5159–5172], while the constituent properties are modeled by a unified viscoplastic constitutive law. The drag stress of the grain interior is assumed to follow the Hall–Petch relation, but that of the GBAZ is independent of grain size, d. Then in terms of the secant viscosity of the constituent phases, the strain-rate sensitivity of the nanocrystalline solid is determined with the help of a linear viscous comparison composite and a field-fluctuation approach. To test the applicability of the developed model, it is applied to predict the strain-rate effect of a nanocrystalline Ni, and the grain-size dependence of its stress–strain relations. Our theoretical calculations indicate that the tensile strength of a nanocrystalline Ni with d = 40 nm is about five times that of a microcrystalline one with d = 10 μm under the same strain rate of , and that the nanocrystalline Ni exhibits a much stronger strain-rate effect. These predictions are found to be consistent with the experimental data of Schwaiger et al. Possible grain-size softening with further grain-size reduction such as reported in molecular dynamic simulations is also demonstrated.     

A novel model of delamination bridging via Z-pins in composite laminates

A new micro-mechanical model is proposed for describing the bridging actions exerted by through-thickness reinforcement on delaminations in prepreg based composite materials, subjected to a mixed-mode (I–II) loading regime. The model applies to micro-fasteners in the form of brittle fibrous rods (Z-pins) inserted in the through-thickness direction of composite laminates. These are described as Euler–Bernoulli beams inserted in an elastic foundation that represents the embedding composite laminate. Equilibrium equations that relate the delamination opening/sliding displacements to the bridging forces exerted by the Z-pins on the interlaminar crack edges are derived. The Z-pin failure meso-mechanics is explained in terms of the laminate architecture and the delamination mode. The apparent fracture toughness of Z-pinned laminates is obtained from as energy dissipated by the pull out of the through-thickness reinforcement, normalised with respect to a reference area. The model is validated by means of experimental data obtained for single carbon/BMI Z-pins inserted in a quasi-isotropic laminate.     

一种绸布的冲击拉伸性能实验

采用改进的分离式Hopkinson拉杆测试技术对低强度材料进行动态拉伸。该装置采用铝杆作为透射杆,并且透射杆采用半导体应变片。针对一种芳纶绸布材料,进行了试样两端应力平衡、实验速度、半导体应变片与电阻应变片测量的验证,获得了不同速度下被测材料的本构曲线,并通过高速照相机清楚地观察了试样的整个破坏过程。实验结果表明,设计的实验方法行之有效。

     

A constitutive model for fibrous tissues considering collagen fiber crimp

A micromechanically based constitutive model for fibrous tissues is presented. The model considers the randomly crimped morphology of individual collagen fibers, a morphology typically seen in photomicrographs of tissue samples. It describes the relationship between the fiber endpoints and its arc-length in terms of a measurable quantity, which can be estimated from image data. The collective mechanical behavior of collagen fibers is presented in terms of an explicit expression for the strain-energy function, where a fiber-specific random variable is approximated by a Beta distribution. The model-related stress and elasticity tensors are provided. Two representative numerical examples are analyzed with the aim of demonstrating the peculiar mechanism of the constitutive model and quantifying the effect of parameter changes on the mechanical response. In particular, a fibrous tissue, assumed to be (nearly) incompressible, is subject to a uniaxial extension along the fiber direction, and, separately, to pure shear. It is shown that the fiber crimp model can reproduce several of the expected characteristics of fibrous tissues.