植物油中脂肪酸不同定量方法的比较分析

比较峰面积归一化法与标准曲线法两种方法分析植物油中脂肪酸百分比含量的差异.利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测10种市售食用植物油中的8种主要脂肪酸,峰面积归一化法和标准曲线法计算脂肪酸的百分比含量.结果表明,标准曲线法与峰面积归一化法相比,肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸和棕榈油酸所占的百分比升高,而油酸、亚...     

基于稳定碳同位素技术的痕量动物油和植物油的区分检验研究

本文以鸡油和猪油为例,旨在运用稳定碳同位素技术建立区分痕量动物油与植物油的区分检验方法。先在实验室内制备猪油和鸡油样品,然后运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-同位素比值质谱仪(GC-IRMS)和元素分析-同位素比值质谱仪(EA-IRMS)对猪油和鸡油的脂肪酸组成与其全油和脂肪酸的稳定碳同位素比值进行了研究。结果显示:鸡油的δ13C值处于-21.58‰至-18.30‰(脂肪酸:-21.58‰~-18.30‰;全油:-19.82‰~-19.30‰)的区间;猪油的δ13C值处于-22.16‰至-16.15‰(脂肪酸:-22.16‰~-16.15‰;全油:-18.70‰~-16.83‰)的区间;鸡油和猪油的δ13C值与大多数植物油的δ13C值存在显著差异。因此,基于动物油与植物油在δ13C值方面存在的显著差异性,建立区分痕量动物油和植物油的高灵敏的检验方法。     

GC/MS法分析奶油中的脂肪酸

利用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术分析人造奶油、天然奶油和新西兰奶油中的脂肪酸,从中鉴定出7种酸:棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻油酸及花生酸。人造奶油含亚油酸比天然奶油含的高。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析乳制品中的三种乳化剂

运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,建立了乳制品中的乳化剂单棕榈酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯和单硬脂酸甘油酯分析新方法.乳制品中目标物用二氯甲烷提取,经硅烷化试剂(BSTFA+1％TMCS)进行衍生,对提取及衍生化条件进行了优化.在优化条件下,单棕榈酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯和单硬脂酸甘油酯分别在1～20 mg/L、5～1...     

石榴籽中脂肪酸成分分析

采用两种方法对石榴籽中的脂肪酸进行了甲酯化,所得脂肪酸甲酯经GC-MS分析.方法一共检测出14种脂肪酸,主成分为油酸、亚油酸、山嵛酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和二十碳烯酸;方法二共检测出24种脂肪酸,主成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、油酸、亚油酸、二十碳烯酸等.其中的山嵛酸等多种饱和脂肪酸均为首次从石榴籽中鉴定出.     

活性炭纤维-固相微萃取-气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法鉴别地沟油与植物油

采用活性炭纤维-固相微萃取(ACF-SPME)与气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC/TOFMS)联用技术检测地沟油与植物油中挥发性游离脂肪酸的含量,通过色谱峰分析脂肪酸含量的变化,建立了鉴别地沟油的新方法。检测出6种挥发性脂肪酸:戊酸、己酸、辛酸、壬酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸;地沟油中棕榈酸的含量远高于植物油中的含量,而己酸含量基本不变。据此提出了地沟油检测指标,即A值指标=棕榈酸的峰面积/己酸的峰面积:地沟油的A值大于0.8,而植物油的A值均小于0.8。通过实验证明了不同纤维、不同品牌植物油对A值没有影响,通过模拟加热食用油实验表明了A值指标的可靠性,适用于煎炸老油的鉴定。     

内标法测定甘油酯上的十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸及其在非正常油脂掺伪识别中的应用

结合非正常油脂(地沟油)的来源(加热植物油和动物油)及反映其不同来源的重要特征指示物,即连接在甘油酯上的十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸,建立了内标法测定油脂中甘油酯上十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸的方法。多维气相色谱-质谱采用不分流进样和选择性切割可以实现在线净化和富集,提高分析的灵敏度和分离度。十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸的方法检出限分别达到0.070、0.006 mg/kg。此外,研究发现绝大多数正常植物油中十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸的含量比非正常油脂中二者的含量低。通过待测油脂中十一烷酸和13-甲基十四烷酸的含量可以在一定程度上推断食用植物油的品质。     

GC-MS双内标法测定植物油中脂肪酸组成

建立了植物油中脂肪酸组成及含量的气相色谱-质谱联用双内标定量的检测方法。样品经甲脂化衍生后,通过HP-88毛细管柱(100 m×0.25 mm×0.20μm)分离,在选择离子监测(SIM)模式的条件下,植物油中46种脂肪酸成分在39 min以内得到了较好的分离。利用保留时间和特征离子定性,根据定量离子的峰面积,采用内标法定量。该方法简便、快速、准确、可靠。同时对亚麻籽油中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸进行6次测量,结果的回收率为99.1%~101.6%,变异系数均小于4.00%。将本方法应用于市售样品分析,结果证明这些食用植物油完全符合相关的国家标准。     

水蒸气蒸馏与乙醇提取茭白成分的GC-MS分析

运用水蒸气蒸馏和乙醇提取两种方法分别提取茭白中的化学成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定,面积归一法进行定量分析。并对两种方法所得结果进行比较,分析其中的差异之处。结果显示,水蒸气蒸馏提取物中共分离出106种组分(占总峰面积的82.07%),其中棕榈酸(16.89%)、己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯(6.39%)、油酸酰胺(5.64%)、亚油酸(3.84%)和油酸(3.64%)为主要组分。乙醇提取物中共分离出89种组分(占总峰面积的91.75%),其中棕榈酸(33.71%)、油酸(11.24%)、2-羟基-1-(羟甲基)棕榈酸乙酯(6.84%)、反油酸乙酯(4.93%)和亚油酸乙酯(3.88%)为主要成分。还鉴定出香兰素、月桂酸、茉莉酸等香味成分,以及花生四烯酸等活性组分。结果表明,茭白中的化学成分十分丰富,两种方法提取的成分及其总量存在一定差异。     

正相液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

建立并比较了正相色谱与反相色谱测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯的方法。利用乙醚和石油醚提取婴幼儿配方乳粉中的油脂,经旋转蒸发浓缩后,分别采用银离子色谱柱和C18色谱柱,配合蒸发光散射检测器检测。其中采用银离子色谱柱以二氯甲烷-丙酮为流动相梯度洗脱的正相色谱法完全分离了1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)和1,2-二油酸-3-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OOP)两种同分异构体,方法的重复性和线性关系良好,回收率为93.0%~101.5%,精密度(RSD)为2.89%~4.56%,检出限为20 mg/kg。该方法可准确测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中OPO的含量。     

非正常食用油鉴别新方法(二): 特征奇数碳脂肪酸的多维气相色谱-质谱检测

通过对脂肪酸的非靶标/靶标筛查,确立了非正常食用油(俗称地沟油)的内源性特征指示物: 两种奇数碳脂肪酸,包括源自动物油的13-甲基十四烷酸和源自加热植物油的十一烷酸。并借助多维气相色谱-质谱技术,依据不同极性气相色谱柱的保留作用,不仅实现了不同碳数烷酸以及同碳数烷酸异构体之间的有效分离,达到了对13-甲基十四烷酸和十一烷酸准确定量的目的;而且实现了对目标化合物的在线净化、富集。凭借该项检测方法,参加了国家食品安全风险评估中心组织的第四、五批地沟油盲样考核。经过不断完善,该方法阴性样品的正确率提高到100%,阳性样品的正确率分别达到71%和75%。再结合辣椒碱指标,从内、外源指示物两方面全面、准确地对食用油样品进行判定,使得阳性样品的正确率分别提高至89%和100%。目前,该方法已经入选国家卫生部公布的四大地沟油鉴定仪器分析方法,正等待权威部门的协同性验证。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中的棉酚

建立了食用植物油中棉酚的液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析方法。待测物经无水乙醇涡旋振荡提取,C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,LC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。方法的测定低限（S/N>10）为1 mg/kg;在添加浓度为1、2和200 mg/kg水平下,棉酚的加标回收率为87.4%~100%,相对标准偏差为3.9%~12.2%。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,测定结果准确,回收率稳定,可用于食用植物油中棉酚残留的确证检测。     

Olive oil quantification of edible vegetable oil blends using triacylglycerols chromatographic fingerprints and chemometric tools

The present work studies the effectiveness of the use of triacylglycerols (TAGs) for the quantification of olive oil in blends with vegetable oils. The determinations were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD), in combination with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression and using interval PLS (iPLS) for variable selection.Results revealed that PLS models can predict olive oil concentrations with reasonable errors. Variable selection through iPLS did not improve predictions significantly, but revealed the chemical information important in the chromatogram to quantify olive oil in vegetable oil blends.     

Absorption and photoluminescence of Buriti oil/polystyrene and Buriti oil/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

This work reports the preparation and characterization of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil/polystyrene (PS) and Buriti oil/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. The Buriti is an abundant palm tree of the Amazon region. This oil was used because of its chemical composition (high concentrations of oleic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, especially β-carotene) and interesting optical properties, such as absorption and photoluminescence. The incorporation of the vegetable oil in the PS and PMMA matrices renders orange-colored blends, which were verified to absorb UV-Vis radiation and emit light in the green region. The intensity of these properties is proportional to the oil content in the samples. Micrographs of the blends showed that the oil is located in cavities distributed in the polymeric matrices. This work shows that it is possible to employ the Buriti oil, a cheaper and abundant natural resource, to improve absorption and light emission properties of PS and PMMA polymers.     

A novel approach to the rapid assignment of 13C NMR spectra of major components of vegetable oils such as avocado,mango kernel and macadamia nut oils

Assignment of ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of major fatty acid components of South African produced vegetable oils was attempted using a method in which the vegetable oil was spiked with a standard triacylglycerol. This proved to be inadequate and therefore a new rapid and potentially generic graphical linear correlation method is proposed for assignment of the ¹³C NMR spectra of major fatty acid components of apricot kernel, avocado pear, grapeseed, macadamia nut, mango kernel and marula vegetable oils. In this graphical correlation method, chemical shifts of fatty acids present in a known standard triacylglycerol is plotted against the corresponding chemical shifts of fatty acids present in the vegetable oils. This new approach (under carefully defined conditions and concentrations) was found especially useful for spectrally crowded regions where significant peak overlap occurs and was validated with the well‐known ¹³C NMR spectrum of olive oil which has been extensively reported in the literature. In this way, a full assignment of the ¹³C{1H} NMR spectra of the vegetable oils, as well as tripalmitolein was readily achieved and the resonances belonging to the palmitoleic acid component of the triacylglycerols in the case of macadamia nut and avocado pear oil resonances were also assigned for the first time in the ¹³C NMR spectra of these oils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forensic identification of spilled biodiesel and its blends with petroleum oil based on fingerprinting information

A case study is presented for the forensic identification of several spilled biodiesels and its blends with petroleum oil using integrated forensic oil fingerprinting techniques. The integrated fingerprinting techniques combined SPE with GC/MS for obtaining individual petroleum hydrocarbons (aliphatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their alkylated derivatives and biomarkers), and biodiesel hydrocarbons (fatty acid methyl esters, free fatty acids, glycerol, monoacylglycerides, and free sterols). HPLC equipped with evaporative scattering laser detector was also used for identifying the compounds that conventional GC/MS could not finish. The three environmental samples (E1, E2, and E3) and one suspected source sample (S2) were dominant with vegetable oil with high acid values and low concentration of fatty acid methyl ester. The suspected source sample S2 was responsible for the three spilled samples although E1 was slightly contaminated by petroleum oil with light hydrocarbons. The suspected source sample S1 exhibited with the high content of glycerol, low content of glycerides, and high polarity, indicating its difference from the other samples. These samples may be the separated byproducts in producing biodiesel. Canola oil source is the most possible feedstock for the three environmental samples and the suspected source sample S2.     

Analysis of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters by capillary GC

The introduction of quality standards for vegetable oil methyl esters is gaining in importance due to their increased use as diesel fuel substitutes and as technical products. Free and esterified sterols, the main constituents of the unsaponifiable matter in vegetable oils, are recovered in vegetable oil methyl esters and may influence the technical properties of vegetable oil methyl ester products. A rapid gas chromatographic method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oil methyl esters has therefore been developed. The concentration of the free sterols as well as their qualitative and quantitative composition and the concentration of the sterol esters have been determined in rape seed oil methyl ester samples by GC–FID. Prior to analysis, the free sterols were silylated with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% of trimethylchlorosilane; betulinol was used as an internal standard. Calibration was performed by analysis of standard solutions containing β-sitosterol, cholesteryl stearate, and betulinol. The reproducibility of the quantitative results has been evaluated by repeated injections of the same test solution and by repeated complete analysis of the same sample.     

食用植物油中矿物油掺假的确证检测方法研究

应用气相色谱 质谱技术,建立了植物油中是否掺加矿物油的确证分析方法。本文报道的方法,简便、快速、准确、灵敏,方法最低检出浓度为1.2g L,经大量样品测定。     

Development of a methodology based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry for the rapid detection and determination of patin fish oil adulterated with palm oil

The present research intends to develop a new method based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) for the detection and determination of patin fish oil adulterated with different percentages of palm oil, because it is a cheaper vegetable oil. Five variables that affect headspace generation (incubation time and temperature, amount of sample, injection volume, and pre-heating time) have been optimized by means of a Box Behnken design in combination with Response Surface Methodology. Then, repeatability and intermediate precision have been studied where coefficients of variation lower than 10% were obtained. This new method has been applied to several samples of patin fish oil adulterated with palm oil at 20 different levels (5–50% palm oil content). The results have confirmed the suitability of the HS-GC-IMS for a rapid, easy, and reliable detection and discrimination of adulterated oil samples since a characteristic fingerprint that allows 100% successful discrimination between adulterated and unadulterated patin oil samples was achieved. Finally, a regression model has been developed to determine each sample’s adulteration level with an error lower than 10% and a coefficient of determination greater than 0.95.