Femtosecond opto‐magnetism: ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic materials

This review summarizes the recent progress in the study of ultrafast nonthermal effects of light on magnetic materials. It is demonstrated that due to opto‐magnetic phenomena an intense 100 fs circularly polarized laser pulse acts on the spins similar to an equivalently short effective magnetic field pulse up to 1 T. The review shows that using such opto‐magnetic phenomena one may selectively excite different modes of magnetic resonance, realize quantum control of magnons, trigger magnetic phase transitions and switch spins on a subpicosecond time‐scale. All these findings open new insights into the understanding of ultrafast magnetic excitation and, considering recent progress in the development of compact ultrafast lasers, may provide new prospects for applications of ultrafast opto‐magnetic phenomena in magnetic storage and information processing technology.     

基于金刚石NV色心的纳米尺度磁场测量和成像技术

纳米级分辨率的磁场测量和成像是磁学中的一种重要研究手段.金刚石中的单个氮-空位点缺陷电子自旋作为一种量子传感器,具有灵敏度高、原子级别尺寸、可工作在室温等诸多优势,灵敏度可以达到单核自旋级别,空间分辨率达到亚纳米.将这种磁测量技术与扫描成像技术结合,能够实现高灵敏度和高分辨率的磁场成像,定量地重构出杂散场.这种新型的磁成像技术可以给出磁学中多种重要的研究对象如磁畴壁、反铁磁序、磁性斯格明子的结构信息.随着技术的发展,基于氮-空位点缺陷的磁成像技术有望成为磁性材料研究的重要手段.     

Modification of medium phase memory under influence of pulsed inhomogeneous magnetic field

We consider retrieving of a light pulse stored in a medium of atoms with Λ-configuration of levels under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency when a pulse of the external magnetic field inhomogeneous over the medium length is applied to the medium during the absence of the control field. It is shown that the coherence of lower levels of medium atoms acquires a phase depending on the coordinate along the medium and that the temporal shape of the retrieved pulse, if it is recorded interferometrically, reflects the coordinate dependence of the magnetic field.     

某型无人机系统雷电脉冲磁场效应

为检验雷电脉冲磁场辐射环境下无人机系统的安全可靠性,以某型无人机为试验对象,利用亥姆霍兹线圈和雷电浪涌发生器模拟雷电脉冲磁场,开展了无人机雷电脉冲磁场效应试验。实验结果表明,GB50057-94推荐的8/20μs雷电脉冲磁场不会干扰无人机通信而导致数据链失锁,但是机载三轴磁航向传感器受磁场干扰严重,产生零点漂移并造成已知方向上读数偏差,且放电极性决定航向角变化趋势。经过机理分析发现,在线性工作区间内磁航向传感器能够利用各向异性磁阻效应引起电阻阻值变化的规律正常工作,但高峰值雷电脉冲磁场会导致坡莫合金电阻内部磁畴排列紊乱而出现磁化,改变了传感器磁敏感度以及输出特性,且只出现在磁敏感方向上。     

Roles of Atomic Injection Rate and External Magnetic Field on Optical Properties of Elliptical Polarized Probe Light

In this paper we investigate the optical properties of an open four-level tripod atomic system driven by an elliptically polarized probe field in the presence of the external magnetic field and compare its properties with the corresponding closed system.Our result reveals that absorption,dispersion and group velocity of probe field can be manipulated by adjusting the phase difference between the two circularly polarized components of a single coherent field,magnetic field and cavity parameters i.e.the atomic exit rate from cavity and atomic injection rates.We show that the system can exhibit multiple electromagnetically induced transparency windows in the presence of the external magnetic field.The numerical result shows that the probe field in the open system can be amplified by appropriate choice of cavity parameters,while in the closed system with introduce appropriate phase difference between fields the probe field can be enhanced.Also it is shown that the group velocity of light pulse can be controlled by external magnetic field,relative phase of applied fields and cavity parameters.By changing the parameters the group velocity of light pulse changes from subluminal to superluminal light propagation and vice versa.     

基于光纤微结构加工和敏感材料物理融合的光纤传感技术

将功能敏感材料与光纤在物理层面进行有机融合,充分发挥光纤传感器在结构集成、材料集成等方面的优势,将有望发展新型的光纤传感器件和系统.本文综述了飞秒激光光纤微加工技术分别在标准的单模光纤和光纤光栅上制备微结构,再结合敏感材料制备技术,实现在物理层面上光纤传感器材料和结构的集成和融合,探索实现新型高性能的光纤传感新技术.     

Experimental investigation of magnetically induced unusual emission of light from a ferrodispersion

An unusual emission of light is observed when a coherent light beam is passed through a mixture of a magnetorheological suspension and a ferrofluid that is subjected to a critical magnetic field. When first the incident light is removed and then the field is switched off, a flash of light is observed. In this Letter certain characteristics of this unusual emission are reported. Our findings suggest that a part of the incident light energy is magnetically trapped within the medium. Upon removal of the field, the same is released. Several physical phenomena that may give rise to such emission are discussed. The magnetically tunable emission will be useful to develop photonic devices.     

Controlling dielectric properties of cBN by an ultrashort double-pulse light

The optical responses of wide band gap materials can be manipulated by a purposely designed ultrashort double-pulse light, based on the real-time time-dependent density functional theory. Taking the cubic boron nitride (cBN) as a typical example, we calculate the energy transfer from an ultrashort double-pulse light field to dielectric materials. We show that the purposely designed ultrashort double-pulse light and pulse train can reversibly manipulate the dielectric properties of cBN without damage. By tuning the parameters of light pulse, the cBN will change between isotropic, elliptic and hyperbolic for a particular light frequency at certain time points during the pulse light. We propose that the cBN with reversible but deep nonlinear optical responses excited by the external light field can be used in the ultrafast all-optical signal processing and optical-field-effect devices.     

二极管泵浦无机液体激光器出光实验研究

 为探索新的高能激光体系,搭建了二极管泵浦的液体激光器。采用激光二极管作为泵浦光源,单侧泵浦掺钕离子的无机激光液体,进行了出光实验。通过测量输出光束的近场分布、脉冲波形和光谱,证实实现了激光输出,输出激光的波长为1 053 nm。输出的单脉冲激光能量达到47 mJ,光-光转换效率达到14%。其光-光转换效率高出闪光灯泵浦液体条件下2个数量级,说明该激光体系具有向高能激光体系发展的前景。     

Time resolved radiation intensity distribution in a FXR discharge

Time resolved intensity distribution of X-radiation and visible light from a flash X-ray (FXR) discharge has been investigated. The results obtained indicate that the discharge is “glow-like” with a dark space in front of the anode during the formative period. The high current arc is established at the constriction of the discharge column by its own magnetic field.     

Optical method for detecting variations of the magnetic field strength

A method of detecting the magnetic field variation is proposed and implemented experimentally. The method employs the rotation of the speckle pattern of light transmitted through an optical fiber that is placed into a longitudinal magnetic field and the recording of a holographic grating in a photorefractive crystal using the speckle field. The possibility of detecting the shape of a 0.15-s magnetic field pulse is demonstrated experimentally.     

The nuclear spin-echo signals under combined action of magnetic field and RF pulses

The effect of a pulse magnetic field on formation of the single-pulse echo signal in some magnetic materials has been studied. The signals of nuclear-spin echo formed by the combined action of radio frequency and magnetic pulses have been observed. The duration of the magnetic pulse was only limited by the length of the radio frequency pulse. The echo signal formed by the two magnetic pulses, the edges of a long magnetic pulse, and other situations that allowed us to reproduce the analogue of multipulse action, were observed as well.     

零闭锁激光陀螺磁敏感特性研究

与腔内运行线偏振光的抖动陀螺相比,腔内运行圆偏振光的零闭锁激光陀螺对磁场更为敏感.为了减小零闭锁激光陀螺的磁敏感性,理论分析了其磁敏感特性.当左、右旋陀螺的比例因子修正相等时,陀螺零偏不随磁场的变化而变化,同时陀螺比例因子线性度也将得到改善.试验测试了零闭锁激光陀螺的磁敏感性,结果表明陀螺存在磁不敏感点.试验结果与理论分析吻合.与传统的被动磁屏蔽方法相比,通过主动控制使得零闭锁激光陀螺工作在磁不敏感点的方法对于降低该陀螺的磁灵敏度和提高准确度具有实用价值.     

All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light

We experimentally demonstrate that the magnetization can be reversed in a reproducible manner by a single 40 femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulse, without any applied magnetic field. This optically induced ultrafast magnetization reversal previously believed impossible is the combined result of femtosecond laser heating of the magnetic system to just below the Curie point and circularly polarized light simultaneously acting as a magnetic field. The direction of this opto-magnetic switching is determined only by the helicity of light. This finding reveals an ultrafast and efficient pathway for writing magnetic bits at record-breaking speeds.     

Pulsed and monochromatic excitation of semiconductor quantum wells under the conditions of quantum confinement

The reflectance and absorbance of light by quantum wells whose width is comparable to the light wavelength have been calculated. The difference in the refractive indices of the materials of the quantum well and the barriers has been taken into account. Pulsed irradiation with an arbitrary shape of the exciting pulse has been considered, and the existence of two closely spaced discrete excitation levels has been assumed. This pair of levels can correspond to two magnetopolaron states in a quantizing magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane of the quantum well. The ratio between the magnitudes of nonradiative and radiative dampings of electronic excitations is arbitrary. The final results have been obtained without invoking the approximation in which the Coulomb interaction of electrons and holes is negligible.     

一种大面积抗干扰高射频激光光幕靶设计

提出了一种能同时测量高射频火炮射击速度和密集度的大面积激光光幕靶设计方案。采用半导体激光脉冲调制、光电传感器列阵接收和单片机数字处理技术,不仅实现了光靶与计时系统一体化,而且有效地去除诸如炮口闪光、外界自然光及蚊虫等干扰,提高了测量的灵敏度、精度和可靠性。     

脉冲氙灯放电过程分析与实验测定

脉冲氙灯是一种新型光源,利用量子理论以及气体放电理论分析了脉冲氙灯放电过程,设计了放电测试系统,实验测定了放电过程中的电压、电流和光脉冲信号。结果表明：在预电离阶段自由电子浓度较低,能量较低;气体放电阶段灯内形成电子崩,使得自由电子浓度的增大,放电电流迅速上升,电压下降;离子复合时释放出光子形成光脉冲,氙灯脉冲的光能量输出和光谱特性与复合电子能量、氙气复合能级相关,而当输入能量与氙灯的能耗不一致的时候,将导致充电电容反复充放电,而使电路产生振荡。对于分析脉冲氙灯放电过程,优化放电回路参数设计和脉冲氙灯的生产具有重要意义。     

脉冲式可控偏振态变换器及其应用

本文提出一种基于晶体双折射效应的脉冲式可控偏振态变换器,可以实现偏振光六个偏振分量的脉冲变换.将它应用于偏振型光传感信号的单光路分时检测,可以提高信号检测灵敏度和传感信号的抗干扰能力.文中给出了利用铌酸锂晶体和脉冲电场对光传感信号的X、Y线性偏振分量进行脉冲变换的实验结果.     

PFG NMR and internal magnetic field gradients in plant-based materials

In this contribution, it is demonstrated that inner magnetic field gradients can seriously affect the results of stimulated echo PFG NMR experiments on plant-based materials even if there is no notable content of paramagnetic substances. Such effects could be observed both in experiments on water in pharmaceutical grade cellulose powder materials and on eggplant fruit tissue. In both cases, it was observed that the effects of internal magnetic field gradients led to different relative values of the diffusion coefficient compared to values obtained with a gradient-compensating pulse sequence.     

抽运-检测型非线性磁光旋转铷原子磁力仪的研究

报道了一种抽运-检测型的非线性磁光旋转铷原子磁力仪.其原理是线偏振光通过处于外磁场环境中被极化的原子介质后,由于原子对线偏振光中左、右圆偏成分不同的吸收和色散,导致光的偏振方向会产生与磁场相关的转动.分析了该磁力仪的工作原理,并测试了它对不同磁场大小的响应.测试结果表明,磁力仪测量范围为100—100000 nT,极限灵敏度为0.2 p T/Hz~(1/2),磁场分辨率为0.1 p T.进一步研究了不同磁场下原子系综极化态的横向弛豫时间,讨论了原子磁力仪高磁场采样率的获得方法.本文的原子磁力仪在5000—100000 n T的磁场测量范围内磁场采样率可实现1—1000 Hz范围内可调,能够测量低频的微弱交变磁场.本文的研究内容为大磁场测量范围、高灵敏度、高磁场采样率的原子磁力仪研制提供了重要参考.