A uniqueness theorem in Kähler geometry

We consider compact Kähler manifolds with their Kähler Ricci tensor satisfying F(Ric) = constant. Under the nonnegative bisectional curvature assumption and certain conditions on F, we prove that such metrics are in fact Kähler–Einstein.     

On Douglas general (<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>)-metrics

Douglas metrics are metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature which is an important projective invariant in Finsler geometry. To find more Douglas metrics, in this paper we consider a class of Finsler metrics called general (α, β)-metrics, which are defined by a Riemannian metric \(\alpha = \sqrt {{a_{ij}}\left( x \right){y^i}{y^j}} \) and a 1-form β = b _i (x)y ⁱ . We obtain the differential equations that characterizes these metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature. By solving the equivalent PDEs, the metrics in this class are totally determined. Then many new Douglas metrics are constructed.     

Convergence of Finslerian metrics under Ricci flow

In this work,we study the convergence of evolving Finslerian metrics first in a general flow and next under Finslerian Ricci flow.More intuitively it is proved that a family of Finslerian metrics g(t)which are solutions to the Finslerian Ricci flow converges in C~∞ to a smooth limit Finslerian metric as t approaches the finite time T.As a consequence of this result one can show that in a compact Finsler manifold the curvature tensor along the Ricci flow blows up in a short time.     

Multiplicity of closed geodesics on Finsler spheres with irrationally elliptic closed geodesics

If all prime closed geodesics on (Sⁿ, F) with an irreversible Finsler metric F are irrationally elliptic, there exist either exactly 2 \(\left[ {\frac{{n + 1}}{2}} \right]\) or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show the existence of three distinct closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler (S³, F) if any prime closed geodesic has non-zero Morse index.     

New Homogeneous Einstein Metrics on SO(7)/T

The authors compute non-zero structure constants of the full flag manifold M = SO(7)/T with nine isotropy summands, then construct the Einstein equations. With the help of computer they get all the forty-eight positive solutions (up to a scale ) for SO(7)/T, up to isometry there are only five G-invariant Einstein metrics, of which one is Kähler Einstein metric and four are non-Kähler Einstein metrics.     

Strongly convex weakly complex Berwald metrics and real Landsberg metrics

Under the assumption that' is a strongly convex weakly Khler Finsler metric on a complex manifold M, we prove that F is a weakly complex Berwald metric if and only if F is a real Landsberg metric.This result together with Zhong(2011) implies that among the strongly convex weakly Kahler Finsler metrics there does not exist unicorn metric in the sense of Bao(2007). We also give an explicit example of strongly convex Kahler Finsler metric which is simultaneously a complex Berwald metric, a complex Landsberg metric,a real Berwald metric, and a real Landsberg metric.     

On Einstein extensions of nilpotent metric Lie algebras

The main result of the article is as follows: If a nilpotent noncommutative metric Lie algebra (n, Q) is such that the operator Id ? trace(Ric) / trace(Ric²) Ric is positive definite then every Einstein solvable extension of (n, Q) is standard. We deduce several consequences of this assertion. In particular, we prove that all Einstein solvmanifolds of dimension at most 7 are standard.     

A class of metrics and foliations on tangent bundle of Finsler manifolds

Let (M,F) be a Finsler manifold, and let TM ₀ be the slit tangent bundle of M with a generalized Riemannian metric G, which is induced by F. In this paper, we extract many natural foliations of (TM ₀,G) and study their geometric properties. Next, we use this approach to obtain new characterizations of Finsler manifolds with positive constant flag curvature. We also investigate the relations between Levi-Civita connection, Cartan connection, Vaisman connection, vertical foliation, and Reinhart spaces.     

CR-structures of codimension 2 on tangent bundles in Riemann–Finsler geometry

We determine a 2-codimensional CR-structure on the slit tangent bundle \(T_0M\) of a Finsler manifold (M, F) by imposing a condition on the almost complex structure \(\Psi \) associated to F when restricted to the structural distribution of a framed f-structure. This condition is satisfied when (M, F) is of scalar flag curvature (particularly flat). In the Riemannian case (M, g) this last condition means that g is of constant curvature. This CR-structure is finally generalized by using one positive parameter but under more difficult conditions.     

On transversally symmetric pseudo-Einstein and Fefferman–Einstein spaces

We describe and construct pseudo-Hermitian structures θ without torsion (i.e. with transverse symmetry) whose Webster–Ricci curvature tensor is a constant multiple of the exterior differential dθ. We call these structures TS-pseudo-Einstein and our first result states that all these structures can locally be derived from Kähler–Einstein metrics. Then we discuss the corresponding Fefferman metrics of the TS-pseudo-Einstein structures. These are never Einstein. However, our second result states that they are locally always conformally Einstein.     

Singer-Thorpe bases for special Einstein curvature tensors in dimension 4

Let (M, g) be a 4-dimensional Einstein Riemannian manifold. At each point p of M, the tangent space admits a so-called Singer-Thorpe basis (ST basis) with respect to the curvature tensor R at p. In this basis, up to standard symmetries and antisymmetries, just 5 components of the curvature tensor R are nonzero. For the space of constant curvature, the group O(4) acts as a transformation group between ST bases at T _p M and for the so-called 2-stein curvature tensors, the group Sp(1) ? SO(4) acts as a transformation group between ST bases. In the present work, the complete list of Lie subgroups of SO(4) which act as transformation groups between ST bases for certain classes of Einstein curvature tensors is presented. Special representations of groups SO(2), T ², Sp(1) or U(2) are obtained and the classes of curvature tensors whose transformation group into new ST bases is one of the mentioned groups are determined.     

The first eigenfunctions and eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian on Finsler manifolds

This paper proves that the first eigenfunctions of the Finsler p-Lapalcian are C~(1,α). Using a gradient comparison theorem and one-dimensional model, we obtain the sharp lower bound of the first Neumann and closed eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian on a compact Finsler manifold with nonnegative weighted Ricci curvature,on which a lower bound of the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian is also obtained.     

Positive-fraction intersection results and variations of weak epsilon-nets

A connected Finsler space (M, F) is said to be homogeneous if it admits a transitive connected Lie group G of isometries. A geodesic in a homogeneous Finsler space (G / H, F) is called a homogeneous geodesic if it is an orbit of a one-parameter subgroup of G. In this paper, we study the problem of the existence of homogeneous geodesics on a homogeneous Finsler space, and prove that any homogeneous Finsler space of odd dimension admits at least one homogeneous geodesic through each point.     

Non-trivial m-quasi-Einstein metrics on quadratic Lie groups

We call a metric m-quasi-Einstein if \({Ric_X^m}\) (a modification of the m-Bakry–Emery Ricci tensor in terms of a suitable vector field X) is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. It is a generalization of Einstein metrics which contain Ricci solitons. In this paper, we focus on left-invariant vector fields and left-invariant Riemannian metrics on quadratic Lie groups. First we prove that any left-invariant vector field X such that the left-invariant Riemannian metric on a quadratic Lie group is m-quasi-Einstein is a Killing vector field. Then we construct infinitely many non-trivial m-quasi-Einstein metrics on solvable quadratic Lie groups G(n) for m finite.     

On Square metrics of scalar flag curvature

In this paper, we study the problem whether a Finsler metric of scalar flag curvature is locally projectively flat. We consider a special class of Finsler metrics — square metrics which are defined by a Riemannian metric and a 1-form on a manifold. We show that in dimension n ≥ 3, any square metric of scalar flag curvature is locally projectively flat.     

Hyperholomorphic connections on coherent sheaves and stability

Let M be a hyperkähler manifold, and F a reflexive sheaf on M. Assume that F (away from its singularities) admits a connection ? with a curvature Θ which is invariant under the standard SU(2)-action on 2-forms. If Θ is square-integrable, such sheaf is called hyperholomorphic. Hyperholomorphic sheaves were studied at great length in [21]. Such sheaves are stable and their singular sets are hyperkähler subvarieties in M. In the present paper, we study sheaves admitting a connection with SU(2)-invariant curvature which is not necessary L ²-integrable. We show that such sheaves are polystable.     

Symbol algebras and cyclicity of algebras after a scalar extension

For a field F and a family of central simple F-algebras we prove that there exists a regular field extension E/F preserving indices of F-algebras such that all the algebras from the family are cyclic after scalar extension by E. Let \( \mathcal{A} \) be a central simple algebra over a field F of degree n with a primitive nth root of unity ρ _n . We construct a quasi-affine F-variety Symb(\( \mathcal{A} \)) such that for a field extension L/F Symb(\( \mathcal{A} \)) has an L-rational point if and only if \( \mathcal{A}{ \otimes_F}L \) is a symbol algebra. Let \( \mathcal{A} \) be a central simple algebra over a field F of degree n and K/F be a cyclic field extension of degree n. We construct a quasi-affine F-variety C(\( \mathcal{A} \) ,K) such that, for a field extension L/F with the property [KL : L] = [K : F], the variety C(\( \mathcal{A} \) ,K) has an L-rational point if and only if KL is a subfield of \( \mathcal{A}{ \otimes_F}L \).     

Weakly complex Einstein-Finsler vector bundle

Let (E, F) be a complex Finsler vector bundle over a compact Kähler manifold (M, g) with Kähler form Φ. We prove that if (E, F) is a weakly complex Einstein-Finsler vector bundle in the sense of Aikou (1997), then it is modeled on a complex Minkowski space. Consequently, a complex Einstein-Finsler vector bundle (E, F) over a compact Kähler manifold (M, g) is necessarily Φ-semistable and (E, F) = (E₁, F₁) ? · · · ? (Ek; Fk); where F _j := F |E _j , and each (E _j , F _j ) is modeled on a complex Minkowski space whose associated Hermitian vector bundle is a Φ-stable Einstein-Hermitian vector bundle with the same factor c as (E, F).     

Fields with almost small absolute Galois group

We construct and study fields F with the property that F has infinitely many extensions of some fixed degree, but E^×/(E^×)ⁿ is finite for every finite extension E/F and every n ∈ N.     

An improvement of the five halves theorem of J. Boardman

Let (M ^m , T) be a smooth involution on a closed smooth m-dimensional manifold and F = ∪ _j=0 ⁿ F ^j (n ≤ m) its fixed point set, where F ^j denotes the union of those components of F having dimension j. The famous Five Halves Theorem of J. Boardman, announced in 1967, establishes that, if F is nonbounding, then m ≤ 5/2n. In this paper we obtain an improvement of the Five Halves Theorem when the top dimensional component of F, F ⁿ , is nonbounding. Specifically, let ω = (i ₁, i ₂, …, i _r ) be a non-dyadic partition of n and s _ω (x ₁, x ₂, …, x _n ) the smallest symmetric polynomial over Z ₂ on degree one variables x ₁, x ₂, …, x _n containing the monomial \(x_1^{i_1 } x_2^{i_2 } \cdots x_r^{i_r }\). Write s _ω (F ⁿ ) ∈ H ⁿ (F ⁿ , Z ₂) for the usual cohomology class corresponding to s _ω (x ₁, x ₂, …, x _n ), and denote by ?(F ⁿ ) the minimum length of a nondyadic partition ω with s _ω (F ⁿ ) ≠ 0 (here, the length of ω = (i ₁, i ₂, …, i _r ) is r). We will prove that, if (M ^m , T) is an involution for which the top dimensional component of the fixed point set, F ⁿ , is nonbounding, then m ≤ 2n + ?(F ⁿ ); roughly speaking, the bound for m depends on the degree of decomposability of the top dimensional component of the fixed point set. Further, we will give examples to show that this bound is best possible.