共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
K. Sakamoto K. Itoh T. Takashima S. Yokoyama K. Yamazaki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1980,60(2):323-342
Uranium concentrations in three types of inclusions of the Allende (C III), a bulk sample of the Plainview (H5), and a bulk
and 5 to 15 density separates of the Huckitta pallasite were determined and discussed by comparing the results from homogenized
fission track and/or239Np analyses with the133Xe results. Stepwise heating experiment revealed that the133Xe release from the Plainview is bimordal and incomplete by a simple heating at 1600 °C, and that the133Xe releases in the Huckitta bulk and metallic samples are multitudinous but can be extracted rather completely at 1600–1700
°C. In the Huckitta, uranium-rich phase (∼100 ppb) was in the lightest density fraction of d=2.9–3.3, but the bulk uranium
was found to be mostly from the heavy metal-rich fraction of d>4.2. 相似文献
2.
Y. Jao W. L. Cheng H. J. Chen C. C. Shaeh C. C. Huang Y. M. Lin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,194(2):411-417
This study was performed under the joint TRMC/INER program for the determination of low level85Kr and133Xe concentrations in the environmental air samples. Based on cryogenic adsorption of krypton and xenon on charcoal followed by chromatographic separation from other gases, the85Kr and133Xe recovered from 200 liters of atmospheric air can be determined by either on-line gas flow proportional counter or liquid scintillation counting. The recovery yields of krypton and xenon examined by using85Kr and133Xe tracers were nearly 100%. The minimum detectable activity of85Kr and133Xe by gas flow proportional counting is about 7.40 Bq. The method is satisfactory for environmental monitoring applications under abnormal conditions of nuclear facilities. However, for lower level environmental85Kr and133Xe measurements, the liquid scintillation counting method can be applied due to their extremely low detection limits (i.e. 0.107 Bq and 0.093 Bq for85Kr and133Xe, respectively). Using this method, the measurable limits of concentrations are 0.535 Bq/m3 and 0.466 Bq/m3 for85Kr and133Xe, respectively. 相似文献
3.
M. El-Garhy S. A. Marei S. El-Bayoumy R. Münze O. Hladik 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,44(1):129-136
Uranium metal samples of large surface to volume ratios were irradiated in the presence of 1 cm3 of air. It was found that 1.708±0.015% of133Xe was released during irradiation. It was proved that this amount of133Xe is due to the decay of133I originally released. The release of133Xe was attributed to the knock-out mechanism. 相似文献
4.
K. Sakamoto Y. Hamajima K. Itoh K. Yamazaki 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1980,60(2):343-352
Terrestrial zircon and apatite, as examples of uranium rich refractory minerals, and chromite, also highly refractory but
uranium poor, were neutron-irradiated for their133Xe release studies. Uranium determination by133Xe was found not to be successful in these refractory samples, due to incomplete fissiogenic-xenon release at 1600°C as revealed
by stepwise heating experiment. The high temperature release peaks appeared at ≾1500°C in these terrestrial minerals studied,
but at 1000∼1200°C in reported meteoritic whitlockite and chromite. 相似文献
5.
D. A. Haas S. R. Biegalski K. M. Foltz Biegalski 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(3):561-565
In support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), improvements have been made to the model of the Automated
Radioxenon Sampler/Analyzer (ARSA) β-γ coincidence detector for radioxenon monitoring. MCNPX is used to simulate the detector
response for all the electrons and photons emitted from 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe, 135Xe, and 137Cs signals. A MatLab code was written to incorporate the MCNPX results in the calculation of β-γ coincidence spectra. These
will aid in the development of the Spectral Deconvolution Analysis Tool (SDAT)1 and to calibrate β-γ coincidence systems. The models developed for this work include improvements over previous models in
their ability to address Compton scattering in the β-cell, and the β-distribution offset in the 31 keV γ-ray region for 133Xe. 相似文献
6.
P. L. Reeder T. W. Bowyer J. I. McIntyre W. K. Pitts 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,248(3):617-622
The International Monitoring System for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty will include measurements of Xe fission products. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed an automated system for separating Xe from air which detects Xe fission products using a beta-gamma counting system for 131mXe, 133mXe, 133gXe, and 135gXe. Betas and conversion electrons are detected in a plastic scintillation cell containing the Xe sample. Gamma and X-rays are detected in a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector which surrounds the plastic scintillator sample cell. Two-dimensional pulse-height spectra of gamma-energy versus beta-energy are obtained. The plastic scintillator spectrum in coincidence with the 31-keV X-rays from 131mXe. 133mXe, and 133gXe is a complex mixture of conversion electrons and betas. A new technique to simultaneously measure the delayed coincidence (T
1/2 = 6.27 ns) between beta-particles from 133gXe and conversion electrons depopulating the 81-keV state in 133 Cs is being developed. This technique allows separation of the 133gXe beta spectrum from the conversion electrons due to 131mXe and 133mXe and uniquely quantifies all three nuclides. 相似文献
7.
P. L. Reeder T. W. Bowyer R. W. Perkins 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,235(1-2):89-94
A beta-gamma coincidence counting system has been developed for automated analysis of Xe gas samples separated from air. The
Xe gas samples are contained in a cylindrical plastic scintillator cell located between two NaI(T1) scintillation detectors.
The X-ray and gamma spectra gated by coincident events in the plastic scintillator cell are recorded for each NaI(T1) crystal.
The characteristic signatures of the131mXe,133gXe,133mXe, and135gXe isotopes of interest for nuclear test-ban verification as well as the procedures and results of absolute efficiency measurements
are described. A NaI(T1) crystal with provision for 4 sample cells has been implemented for the system to be deployed in the
field. Examples of data on ambient air samples in New York City obtained with the field prototype are presented. 相似文献
8.
S. Watanabe N. S. Ishioka T. Sekine A. Osa M. Koizumi H. Shimomura K. Yoshikawa H. Muramatsu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,255(3):495-498
Ion implantation was applied to the production of endohedral 133Xe-fullerene. Using an isotope separator, 133Xe ions were implanted into a fullerene target of C60 and C70 produced by vacuum evaporation on a Ni backing. An HPLC analysis following dissolution of the fullerene targets in o-dichlorobenzene corroborated the formation of 133Xe@C60 and 133Xe@C70, showing a strong correlation between C60/C70 and 133Xe. The observed tailing following 133Xe peaks in the elution curves suggests a possibility of the isolation of endohedral 133Xe-fullerene from empty fullerene. 相似文献
9.
R. Münze O. Hladik S. A. Marei S. El-Bayoumy M. El-Garhy 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,45(1):45-54
The fractional release of133Xe at different temperatures was studied as a function of time in the presence of an atmosphere of air during post-irradiation
annealing of uranium metal. It was found that the relation between the fractional release and t1/2 is irregular. There is an initial step in the annealing curves (at the temperature range of 400–710°C) which decreases by
increasing temperature and totally disappears at the high temperature of 800–1000 °C. The other parts of the release curves
are typical for133Xe release from uranium metal. The initial step was found to be due to the surface oxidation of uranium metal. 相似文献
10.
M. Tabasi M. Ghannadi-Maragheh l M. Shamsaii A. R. Khanchi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,264(3):679-686
Summary Separation and purification of 133Xe from acidic solution containing uranium, 99Mo and 131I has been developed. In the first step of this work, uranium pellets were dissolved under pressure (8-15 bar) in 8M nitric acid solution. Then133 Xe and other gases were conducted to activated charcoal cold trap. Final purification of 133Xe from impurities such as NOx, radioiodine and krypton was performed by passing through a molecular sieve preparative chromatographic column using helium as mobile phase. The final recovery of 133Xe from the separation-purification process was higher than 98%. Adsorption-desorption behavior of radioxenon on the charcoal and molecular sieves have also been studied and discussed. 相似文献
11.
Justin I. McIntyre Mathew Cooper April J. Carman Theodore W. Bowyer Anthony Day Derek Haas James C. Hayes Tom R. Heimbigner Charlie Hubbard Kevin Litke Michael Ripplinger Brian Schrom Reynold Suarez 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,282(3):755-759
Absolute efficiency calibration of radiometric detectors is frequently difficult and requires careful detector modeling and accurate knowledge of the radioactive source used. In the past we have calibrated the β–γ coincidence detector of the Automated Radioxenon Sampler/Analyzer (ARSA) using a variety of sources and techniques which have proven to be less than desirable (Reeder et al., J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 235, 1989). A superior technique has been developed that uses the conversion-electron (CE) and X-ray coincidence of 131mXe to provide a more accurate absolute gamma efficiency of the detector. The 131mXe is injected directly into the beta cell of the coincident counting system and no knowledge of absolute source strength is required. In addition, 133Xe is used to provide a second independent means to obtain the absolute efficiency calibration. These two data points provide the necessary information for calculating the detector efficiency and can be used in conjunction with other noble gas isotopes to completely characterize and calibrate the ARSA nuclear detector. In this paper we discuss the techniques and results that we have obtained. 相似文献
12.
N. Matsuoka N. Momoshima T. Okai Y. Takashima N. Shiraishi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1988,120(1):21-27
A simple and portable apparatus was developed for measurements of85Kr and133Xe that would be released into the atmosphere in an emergency situation of nuclear facilities. The method is based on cryogenic adsorption of these gases on charcoal followed by chromatographic separation from other gases. The85Kr and133Xe recovered from atmospheric air are determined separately by liquid scintillation counting. It takes about 1 hour for the stepwise determination of85Kr and133Xe. The atmospheric concentration of 3·10–3 Ci per m3 air (1.1·102 Bq/m3 air) is measurable for both nuclides with 20% counting error. 相似文献
13.
133Cs NMR spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of 133Cs+ with monovalent cations in aqueous solution. The interaction between 133Cs+ and the cations causes a repulsive polarization in the electron environment of 133Cs+, which is detected by a change in its resonance frequency. The resulting 133Cs chemical shift seemed to be dependent on the activities and the single-ion enthalpies and entropies of hydration of the cations. The hydration cospheres of an ion are the barriers through which 133Cs+ must pass in order to come into contact with the cation. These hydration cosphere barriers can be related to the single-ion enthalpy and entropy of hydration of the cation. The experiments revealed that 133Cs+ is not nearly as sensitive a probe as 129Xe, presumably due to its more tightly bound hydration cospheres. However, 133Cs NMR was moderately successful in predicting trends in the chemical shift behavior induced by the cations studied. 相似文献
14.
Włodzimierz Makulski 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2015,53(4):273-279
3He, 129Xe and 131Xe NMR measurements of resonance frequencies in the magnetic field B0 = 11.7586 T in different gas phase mixtures have been reported. Precise radiofrequency values were extrapolated to the zero gas pressure limit. These results combined with new quantum chemical values of helium and xenon nuclear magnetic shielding constants were used to determine new accurate nuclear magnetic moments of 129Xe and 131Xe in terms of that of the 3He nucleus. They are as follows: μ(129Xe) = ?0.7779607(158)μN and μ(131Xe) = +0.6918451(70)μN. By this means, the new ‘helium method’ for estimations of nuclear dipole moments was successfully tested. Gas phase NMR spectra demonstrate the weak intermolecular interactions observed on the 3He and 129Xe and 131Xe shielding in the gaseous mixtures with Xe, CO2 and SF6. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
S. Watanabe T. Katabuchi N. S. Ishioka S. Matsuhashi H. Muramatsu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,272(3):467-469
Endohedral 133Xe-higher fullerenes (133Xe@C76 and 133Xe@C84) were produced by implantation of 133Xe ions using an isotope separator. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the peak of endohedral
133Xe-higher fullerenes shifted backward from that of empty fullerenes, suggesting a possibility of the separation of endohedral
133Xe-higher fullerenes from empty fullerenes. The yields of endohedral 133Xe-fullerenes were in the order of 133Xe@C76<133Xe@C84<133Xe@C60<133Xe@C70. 相似文献
16.
Georg Steinhauser Michael Lechermann Anders Axelsson Helmuth Böck Anders Ringbom Paul R. J. Saey Clemens Schlosser Mario Villa 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2013,296(1):169-174
Radioxenon emissions of the TRIGA Mark II research reactor in Vienna were investigated with respect to a possible impact on the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban-Treaty. Using the Swedish Automatic Unit for Noble Gas Acquisition (SAUNA II), five radioxenon isotopes 125Xe, 131mXe, 133mXe, 133Xe and 135Xe were detected, of which 125Xe is solely produced by neutron capture in stable atmospheric 124Xe and hence acts as an indicator for neutron activation processes. The other nuclides are produced in both fission and neutron capture reactions. The detected activity concentrations ranged from 0.0010 to 190 Bq/m³. The source of the radioxenon is not yet fully clarified, but it could be micro-cracks in the fuel cladding, fission of 235U contaminations on the outside of the fuel elements or neutron activation of atmospheric Xe. Neutron deficient 125Xe with its highly complex decay scheme was seen for the first time in a SAUNA system. In many experiments the activity ratios of the radioxenon nuclides carry the signature of nuclear explosions, if 131mXe is omitted. Only if 131mXe is included into the calculations of the isotopic activity ratios, the majority of the measurements revealed a “civil” signature (typical for a NPP). A significant contribution of the TRIGA Vienna to the global or European radioxenon inventory can be excluded. Due to the very low activities, the emissions are far below any concern for human health. 相似文献
17.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 20 patients with ruptured aneurysm. rCBF images are obtained by 133Xe inhalation method using a ring type gamma camera (SET-020, Shimazu Co.) with high sensitivity collimator. Examinations are performed at acute stage (1-7 days after onset) and at subacute stage (8-14 days after onset). In acute stage, rCBF in the affected cerebral hemisphere has tendency to be low in 12 patients with angiospasm after the aneurysmal rupture comparing to those in patients without angiospasm. Low rCBF areas in cerebral hemisphere at acute stage were apt to become normal in subacute stage. rCBF measurement by 133Xe inhalation method seemed to be an useful method to evaluate rCBF in patients with ruptured aneurysm. 相似文献
18.
Emanuela Locci Patrice Roose Kristin Bartik Michel Luhmer 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2009,330(2):344-351
Model aqueous dispersions of polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate) and a statistical copolymer poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) were studied using xenon NMR spectroscopy. The 129Xe NMR spectra of these various latexes reveal qualitative and quantitative differences in the number of peaks and in their line widths and chemical shifts. Above the glass transition temperature, exchange between xenon sorbed in the particle core and free xenon outside the particles is fast on the 129Xe spectral time-scale and a single 129Xe signal is observed. At temperatures below the glass transition temperature, the exchange between sorbed and free xenon is slow on the 129Xe spectral time-scale and two 129Xe NMR signals can be observed. If the signal of sorbed 129Xe is observed, its chemical shift, line width and integral relative to the integral of free 129Xe can be used for the characterization of the particle core. The line width of free 129Xe provides the residence time of xenon outside the particles and can be used to determine the rate constant characterizing the kinetics of penetration of xenon in the particles. This rate constant emerges as promising parameter for the characterization of the polymer particle surface. 相似文献
19.
Weihua Zhang Pawel Mekarski Jonathan Lam Kurt Ungar Eric Pellerin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(3):475-482
In this work, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model is established to accurately characterize a phoswich beta-gamma coincidence detector system. This model can be easily used to predict the beta-gamma coincidence efficiencies of xenon radioisotopes at various stable xenon concentrations in the counting cell. The results demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between beta-gamma coincidence efficiency and stable xenon concentration. The influence of stable xenon concentration on beta-gamma coincidence counting efficiency has been investigated for each individual xenon radioisotope. The results indicate that the effect of stable xenon concentration on beta-gamma coincidence efficiency depends on the xenon radioisotope and its decay modes. The coincidence efficiency of 133Xe with 31.0-keV X-ray decay mode is the most affected one; and then followed by 131mXe, 133Xe with 81.0-keV gamma-ray decay mode, 133mXe and finally 135Xe. The study also indicates that the gamma absorption by xenon gas plays more of a role in the decrease of beta-gamma coincidence efficiency for 133Xe and 135Xe, and that the conversion electron spectrum shifting and broadening plays more of a role in the reduction of beta-gamma coincidence efficiency for the metastable radioxenon of 131mXe and 133mXe. 相似文献
20.
N. V. Kurenkov A. B. Malinin A. A. Sebyakin N. I. Venikov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1989,137(1):39-50
Highy enriched gaseous124Xe /99.9%/ is used to perform instrumental measurements of excitation functions of the124Xe/p, 2n/123Cs and124Xe/p, pn/123Xe reactions up to the proton energy of 33 MeV. Differential and integral yields of123I have also been determined /6.6 h after irradiation/. 相似文献