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1.
发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。 相似文献
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杨玮玮 《中国无机分析化学》2021,11(5):81-85
在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL 相似文献
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Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding in Ziegler–Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M–(μ-Cl)–Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M–(μ-Cl)–Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler–Natta processes and beyond. 相似文献
4.
Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.
Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS
Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.
Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar. 相似文献
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1932年民国教育部颁布的《化学命名原则》为中文化学名词确立了统一的标准,并对于"元素及化合物定名取字"提出"取字应以谐声为主,会意次之,不重象形"的定名总则.它确立的中文化学名词醇、醛、酮、醚、酯是意译名,这似乎与其音译为主的命名原则相悖.本文讨论了醇、醛、酮、醚、酯的各种历史译名,并分析了它们被《原则》采纳的原因. 相似文献
7.
Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments. 相似文献
8.
Haya Hussain Shujaat Ahmad Syed Wadood Ali Shah Abid Ullah Niaz Ali Mazen Almehmadi Manzoor Ahmad Atif Ali Khan Khalil Syed Babar Jamal Hanif Ahmad Mustafa Halawi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(8)
Alzheimer’s disease is an emerging health disorder associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. In this study, six curcumin analogs (1a–1f) were synthesized and screened for in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential. On the basis of promising results, they were further investigated for in vivo analysis using elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) behavioral models. The binding mode of the synthesized compounds with the active sites of cholinesterases, and the involvement of the cholinergic system in brain hippocampus was determined. The synthesized curcumin analog 1d (p < 0.001, n = 6), and 1c (p < 0.01, n = 6) showed promising results by decreasing retention time in EPM, significantly increasing % SAP in Y-maze, while significantly (p < 0.001) enhancing the % discrimination index (DI) and the time exploring the novel objects in NORT mice behavioral models. A molecular docking study using MOE software was used for validation of the inhibition of cholinesterase(s). It has been indicated from the current research work that the synthesized curcumin analogs enhanced memory functions in mice models and could be used as valuable therapeutic molecules against neurodegenerative disorders. To determine their exact mechanism of action, further studies are suggested. 相似文献
9.
The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d8 and-h8, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol−1s−1.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997. 相似文献
10.
Mohamed S. Sedeek Sherif M. Afifi Mai K. Mansour Mariam Hassan Fathy M. Mehaya Ibrahim A. Naguib Mohammed A.S. Abourehab Mohamed A. Farag 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(19)
Interest in plant-based diets has been on the rise in recent years owing to the potential health benefits of their individual components and the notion that plant-based diets might reduce the incidence of several diseases. Egyptian dukkah and Syrian za’atar are two of the most historic and famous Middle Eastern herbal blends used for their anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. Headspace SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD were adopted for characterizing the aroma profile and phenolic compounds of both herbal blends, respectively. Further, vapor-phase minimum inhibitory concentration was employed for assessing each blend’s antibacterial potential, while their antioxidant potential was estimated via in vitro antioxidant assays. SPME headspace analysis indicated the abundance of ethers and monoterpene hydrocarbons, while HPLC revealed the presence of several phenolics including rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. Biological investigations affirmed that vapor-phase of the tested blends exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, while the antioxidant potential of the blends was investigated and expressed as Trolox (125.15 ± 5.92 to 337.26 ± 13.84 μM T eq/mg) and EDTA (18.08 ± 1.62 to 51.69 41 ± 5.33 μM EDTA eq/mg) equivalent. The presented study offers the first insight into the chemical profile and biological activities of both dukkah and za’atar. 相似文献
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S. Belchev 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1981,305(5):367-369
Summary The experimental study of the behaviour of a dc discharge in an alternating magnetic field is described. The lower electrode (anode) is a horizontally located chamber electrode. The alternating magnetic field causes oscillations along the lower electrode axis so that the oscillating arc can equably heat the anode. The axial distribution of the spectral line intensities for lead, bismuth, mercury, cadmium, tin and antimony is investigated. The intensity distributions are studied for near-to-cathode and near-to-anode regions of the discharge. The detection limits obtained for pure conditions show that the effects of chamber electrodes and of double arc could be achieved by means of a relatively simple technique.
Ein Gleichstrombogen im Wechselmagnetfeld als Anregungsquelle in der Emissionsspektrographie
Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über das Verhalten eines Gleichstrombogens in einem Wechselmagnetfeld werden beschrieben. Die untere Elektrode (Anode) ist eine horizontale Kammerelektrode. Das Wechselmagnetfeld verursacht Bogenschwingungen entlang der Achse der unteren Elektrode und ermöglicht dadurch deren gleichmäßige Heizung. Die axiale Verteilung der Linienintensitäten von Blei, Bismut, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Zinn und Antimon wurde für beide Elektroden untersucht. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen zeigen, daß die Wirkung der Kammerelektrode und des Doppelbogens mit einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden kann.相似文献
13.
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of biotherapeutics, consisting of a cytotoxic payload covalently bound to an antibody by a linker. Ligand-binding assay (LBA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are the favored techniques for the analysis of ADCs in biomatrices. The goal of our review is to provide current strategies related to a series of bioanalytical assays for pharmacokinetics (PK) and anti-drug antibody (ADA) assessments. Furthermore, the strengths and limitations of LBA and LC-MS platforms are compared. Finally, potential factors that affect the performance of the developed assays are also provided. It is hoped that the review can provide valuable insights to bioanalytical scientists on the use of an integrated analytical strategy involving LBA and LC–MS for the bioanalysis of ADCs and related immunogenicity evaluation. 相似文献
14.
The trace amounts of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye was determined by an efficient cloud point extraction-Scanometry(CPE-Scanometry) method. This method has many advantages such as novelty,facility, high speed, sensitivity, low cost and safety. The method is based on the CPE of an analyte from an aqueous solution, diluting the extracted surfactant-rich phase with ethanol, transferring to Plexiglas~cell and scanning of the cells containing the analyte solution with a scanner and measuring the RGB parameters with software written in visual basic(VB 6) media. Parameters impacting the extraction efficiency such as p H of the system, the concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized. Detection limit(DL), relative standard deviation(RSD) and linear range for the proposed method are 0.026, 0.71 and 0.16–6.6 μg m L ~(-1)respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Violet Covasol dye in several water samples, including a water sample containing the dye as a tracer(to investigate subsurface water movement). 相似文献
15.
A new class of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization as key step were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against three tumor cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that some of the tested compounds showed better cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells than harmine. 相似文献
16.
A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid(UA), xanthine(XA), hypoxanthine(HX) and dopamine(DA). This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, XA, HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method. The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents. The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA, UA-XA and XA-HX were 150, 390 and 360 mV in CV, respectively. By means of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) method, the calibration curves in the ranges of 10-225, 5-105, 10-170 and 5-150 μmol/L were obtained for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The lowest detection limits(S/N=3) were 5, 1.25, 5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA, XA, HX in human urine samples. 相似文献
17.
抗生素作为一种杀灭或抑制细菌生长的药物,在食品、临床、兽药、农业等方面得到了广泛的应用。然而抗生素的大量应用导致其残留物进入地表水,进而污染自来水厂水源,而标准的水处理不能将其完全清除,从而对人体产生较大的危害,引起过敏、发热、耐药性甚至再生障碍性贫血等症状。因此,针对饮用水中抗生素残留检测的研究引起了人们广泛的关注。本文对近年来可应用于饮用水中抗生素残留分析方法(高效液相色谱、太赫兹时域光谱技术、免疫分析法、表面增强拉曼光谱法)的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后抗生素残留检测的发展方向作了展望。 相似文献
18.
Xue-Li Zheng Cong-Ye Zheng Fan-Ding Zhou Hai-Yan Fu Mao-Lin Yuan Rui-Xiang Li Bin Xu Hua Chen 《中国化学快报》2016,27(5):678-680
Rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of a-methylstyrene was investigated in the presence of monodentate phosphine ligands L1–L6. We found that the phosphine with good p-acceptability could efficiently improve the activity of the a-methylstyrene hydroformylation. The big steric hindrance of a-C in a-methylstyrene enhanced the regioselectivity towards the linear aldehyde, which resulted in3-phenylbutanal as the predominant product(99.0%). When tris(N-pyrrolyl)phosphine(L1) modified Rh(acac)(CO)_2was employed as the catalyst, the TOF could reach up to 5786 h~(-1)in the a-methylstyrene hydroformylation at relatively mild conditions(110 8C, 6 MPa). 相似文献
19.
The enrichment with ruthenium of the surface layer of a Pd−Ru alloy tube during the propane hydrogenolysis was observed. Metal
particles immobilized within carbonaceous deposits and filamentous crystals of the metals with a carbon cover are formed on
the Rh and Ir wires. Thermal treatment in gases free of carbon compounds does not cause such a deep reconstruction. The deep
reconstruction occuring during the propane hydrogenolysis is the stronger, the greater the amount of carbon this metal dissolves.
Dedicated to the memory of Academician M. E. Vol'pin timed to his 75th birthday.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1100–1103, June, 1998. 相似文献
20.
利用光量热仪(UV-DSC)对单体TMPTA以及不同乙氧基化的TMPTA单体进行了紫外光固化实验。通过比较空气气氛和氮气气氛下光固化速率增长最快时的时间tamax的差异来评价光固化初期氧阻聚的大小。考察了单体中乙氧基上的α-H的数量以及单体的流动特性对氧阻聚的影响。结果表明,提高单体中乙氧基的数量能减小光固化过程中的氧阻聚,氧阻聚的大小与单体中α-H的数量以及单体的黏度有关. 相似文献