Preparation, characterization and gas-sensitive properties of nano-crystalline Cr2O3Fe2O3 mixed oxides

A series of Fe₂-_xCr_xO₃(x = 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0) mixed oxides have been prepared with the chemical coprecipitation method and characterized by specific surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Single-phase Fe-Cr mixed oxide nano-crystalline powders with corundum structure are obtained, and the results of the five characterization methods are well accordant with each other. Furthermore, gas-sensitive properties of the sensors made of the oxide powders have been studied.     

The effect of calcination on the surface properties of the systems Al2O3-TiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, and SiO2-TiO2 prepared from metal alkoxides

Summary The effect of calcining temperature on the surface properties of the systems Al₂O₃-TiO₂, SiO₂-Al₂O₃, and SiO₂-TiO₂ prepared by co-hydrolysis of the corresponding metal alkoxide mixtures was studied from the crystal structure, the specific surface area, the heat of immersion in water and the surface acidity.Generally, the crystal growth of the systems accelerates with the rise of temperature of calcination. The specific surface area diminishes markedly with the rise of temperature of calcination, while the surface acidity remains almost constant. But the heat of immersion depends on the composition of the systems.

---

Zusammenfassung Die Systeme Al₂O₃-TiO₂, SiO₂-Al₂O₃ und SiO₂-TiO₂ wurden durch die Hydrolyse der korrespondierenden Metallalkoxyde hergestellt. Von den Systemen wurden die spezifische Oberfläche, die Kristallstruktur, die Benetzungswärme in Wasser und das Oberflächen-p_H in Abhängigkeit von der Glühtemperatur gemessen.Im allgemeinen wird das Kristallwachstum mit der Erhöhung der Glühtemperatur beschleunigt und die spezifische Oberfläche vermindert. Hingegen ist der Oberflächen-p_H-Wert mit der Erhöhung der Glühtemperatur fast unveränderlich. Aber die Benetzungswärme hängt von der Komposition der Systeme ab.

     

过硫酸盐改性的Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂上的正丁烷异构化反应

The conversion of n-butane to isobutane over strong acid catalysts is an important process in the petrochemical refining industry, because isobutane is a valuable precursor to methyl-tert-butyl ether and other fuel additives. Many reports dealing with sulfate promoted zirconia as catalysts for n-butane isomerization have appeared[1, 2].     

负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体的制备和表征及其Ni/ZrO2/Al2O3催化性能的研究

以大孔Al2O3为基载体，采用沉积-沉淀法和溶胶-沉积法制备了负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体．用XRD、TEM和比表面与孔径测定等手段对载体进行了表征．结果表明，负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体具有较大的比表面积和适宜的孔径分布，纳米ZrO2在载体上呈单层均匀分布．以CH4-CO2重整制合成气为探针反应，考察了Ni/ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂的活性和选择性．     

纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体及Ni/ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂的性能研究

 采用溶胶-凝胶法在经过扩孔处理的Al2O3基载体上制备了纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂. 用XRD,TPR,TPD和N2吸附等技术分别考察了载体和催化剂的结构及表面性能,研究了复合载体对Ni/ZrO2/Al2O3催化CO2重整CH4反应性能的影响. 结果表明,纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体具有较大的比表面积、适宜的孔径分布及稳定的t-ZrO2结构,Ni/ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的CO2重整CH4反应活性和稳定性.     

Phase equilibria and solid solution relationships in the La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 system

In the ternary La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂ system the subsolidus phase relations at 1350 °C were determined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy end energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The collected results are presented in the form of a phase diagram. In the equilibrium state there are 7 ternary and 5 binary compatible subsystems. In the system TiO₂ss, ZrO₂ss, ZrTiO₄ss, La₂Zr₂O₇ss and La₂O₃ss solid solutions were confirmed and La₄Ti₉O₂ss and La₂Ti₂O₇ss solid solutions were identified. The addition of ZrO₂ does not stabilize the La_2/3TiO₃ perovskite compound, nor the addition of TiO₂ a highly temperature stable compound La_2/3ZrO₃.     

核壳结构Al2O3-TiO2脱硝催化剂的制备及性能研究

以核壳结构Al2 O3-TiO2为载体,V2 O5为活性组分,WO3为助催化剂,通过挤压成型制备核壳结构Al2 O3-TiO2复合载体脱硝催化剂.本文通过分析催化剂BET、XRD、抗压强度、抗硫酸盐腐蚀和脱硝反应NOx转化效率,考察核壳结构Al2 O3-TiO2复合脱硝催化剂物理化学性质.实验结果表明:核壳结构Al2 ...     

空心球形In2O3/ZrO2-TiO2纳米复合材料多模式光催化

本文以聚苯乙烯(PS)胶球为模板,通过一步水浴法结合煅烧后处理制备了不同比例的In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2空心球状复合材料(简写为In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H)。通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、X-射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对该系列复合材料的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2复合材料经PS模板处理后呈现空心球状结构,球壁由纳米粒子堆积而成。将In_2O_3与ZrO_2-TiO_2复合后其光吸收性能呈现了一定的红移现象,且In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H(1∶4)的比表面积较大(66.92m~2·g~(-1))。同时,为了考察该复合材料的光催化性能,在多模式光催化条件下对甲基橙的降解情况进行了研究。结果表明,In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H(1∶4)表现出较好的光催化性能,其光催化活性高于P25、ZrO_2、In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2及其他体积比的In_2O_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2-H。     

Synthesis,characterization, dielectric and rectification properties of PANI/Nd2O3:Al2O3 nanocomposites

Polyaniline–Nd₂O₃:Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization method using different weight percentages of oxide powders. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction for molecular and crystal structures. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show the tubular structure of polyaniline nanocomposite with embedded metal oxides. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increases with increase in temperature as well as with concentration of Nd₂O₃:Al₂O₃ particles in polyaniline. This is because of the hopping of charge polarons and extended chain length of the nanocomposites as evidenced by the negative thermal coefficient (NTC) characteristic. A high NTC value of 2.67 was found in nanocomposites with 15 wt% of oxide particles. These nanocomposites show low dielectric constant and dielectric loss; the electrical conductivity is higher than 0.3 S/cm as confirmed by Cole–Cole plot that indicates a decrease in both grain resistance and bulk resistance of the nanocomposites. The current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements were also carried out. The carrier mobility μ values of pure polyaniline and nanocomposites were found to be 4.27 × 10^?3 and 1.45 × 10^–2 H.M^?1, respectively. A significant enhancement in carrier mobility was observed in comparison with the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dispersion and reactivity of copper catalysts supported on Al2O3-ZrO2

A series of CuO/Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) catalysts with Cu loadings varying from 1.0 to 20 wt % were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO(2) and NH(3), electron spin resonance (ESR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. The dispersion and metal area of copper were determined by the N(2)O decomposition method. XRD results suggest that the copper oxide is present in a highly dispersed amorphous state at copper loadings < 10 wt % and as a crystalline CuO phase at higher Cu loadings. ESR results suggest the presence of two types of copper species on the Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) support. TPR results suggest well-dispersed copper oxide species at low Cu loadings and crystalline copper oxide species at high Cu loadings. Well-dispersed copper oxide species were reduced more easily than large copper oxide species by H(2). The results of CO(2) TPD suggest that the basicity of the catalysts was found to increase with an increase of copper loading up to 5.0 wt % and decreases with a further increase of copper loading. The results of NH(3) TPD suggest that the acidity of the catalysts was found to decrease with an increase of copper loading up to 5.0 wt % and increases with a further increase of copper loading. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the vapor-phase dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and correlated with the results of CO(2) TPD measurements and the dispersion of Cu on the Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) support.     

Al203-Si02-Ti02三元相图的数字化

用拟合曲线方程的方法得到了Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2三元相图液相面的方程,并由此得到了相界线的方程和三相点的坐标.利用这些数据可以绘制出等温截面和多温截面,还能模拟出结晶过程.     

环己酮肟在B2O3/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂上的气相Beckmann重排反应

制备了B2O3/Al2O3-TiO2复合载体催化剂,并考察了其对环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排制己内酰胺反应的催化性能. 结果表明,载体中TiO2的含量、B2O3的负载量、载体的预处理温度及催化剂的焙烧温度等均对催化剂的性能产生明显的影响. 当载体中TiO2含量为60%,B2O3负载量为20%,催化剂经350 ℃焙烧时,环己酮肟的气相Beckmann重排反应的转化率和选择性很高. 用BET,NH3-TPD,XRD和IR等方法对催化剂的织构、表面酸性和晶相等进行了表征,并与催化剂的活性进行了关联,表明催化剂表面中等强度的酸中心浓度与催化剂的选择性具有对应关系.     

制备方法对复合氧化物Bi_2WO_6-ZrO_2-TiO_2光催化性能的影响

采用一积沉淀法和两积沉淀法分别制备了Bi2WO6-ZrO2-TiO2复合催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD),N2吸附(BET),傅里叶变换(FT-IR)光谱技术,X光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等分析技术对样品进行了表征。结果显示,两积沉淀法的Bi、W离子存在于催化剂表面,而一积沉淀法是进入催化剂晶格。利用气相苯进行催化剂的紫外和可见光活性实验,结果表明,两积沉淀法制备的复合催化剂活性最高。     

ZrO2添加对BaO-La2O3-TiO2介质陶瓷介电性能的影响

BaO-La2O3-TiO2(BLT)是典型的高介电常数微波介质陶瓷,其作为微波谐振器与滤波器的关键材料,在微波通讯技术上有着重要的应用. 选用ZrO2对BLT进行改性研究,当ZrO2的加入量z＜0.5mol时,烧结体的主晶相为Ba6-3xLa8 2x(Ti1-zZrz)18O54(x=1/2)钨青铜结构(TB)固溶体,随ZrO2加入量的增多,烧结体中产生第二相,当z＝1.0mol时,烧结体的主晶相为La2Zr2O7和BaZrO3,这与结构许容因子的变化密切相关,获得较优介电性能如下εr=103.71,Q·f=4862.53 GHz,τf=168.97×10-6/℃,优于不添加ZrO2时烧结体介电性能(εr=139.73,Q·f=1238.96 GHz,τf=179.97×10-6/℃) ,说明少量ZrO2的加入可以改善BLT陶瓷的品质因数和频率温度系数,略降低介电常数. SEM分析表明,少量ZrO2的加入没有改变烧结体的微观形貌,改性前后烧结体内部均为典型的柱状TB固溶体形貌.     

Effect of rare earth oxides (CeO2, La2O3) on properties of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane

We have established that the thermal stability of supported Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts is increased after they are modified by rare earth oxides (La₂O₃, Ce₂O₃). We have observed the effect of thermal activation of an aluminopalladium catalyst modified by lanthanum oxide. This effect is apparent in the increase of the specific catalytic activity in the reaction of high-temperature reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane after heat treatment of the catalyst at 850 °C. We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to show that the reason for the thermal activation effect is stabilization of palladium in the Pd¹⁺ state. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 2006.     

负载型钌/铝钛复合载体上的二氧化碳甲烷化反应

用浸渍法制备了铝钛复合载体担载的钌催化剂，考察了它们对二氧化碳甲烷化反应的催化性能，结果表明，高TiO2含量载体制备的催化剂的活性和选择性较高，同时考察了反应温度、空速、金属担载量以及添加第二金属组分等对催化剂性能的影响．     

Preparation of Gold Microcrystal-Doped TiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3 Films Through Sol-Gel Process

Au-microcrystal-doped TiO₂, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ films were made by sol-gel dip-coating method using titanium, zirconium and aluminum alkoxides with HAuCl₄ · 4H₂O. The influence of the oxide matrix composition on the maximum amount of the Au microcrystals that can be incorporated in the oxide film was examined. Some amount of Au microcrystals were exhausted to the surface of Au microcrystal-doped oxide films when an excess amount of HAuCl₄ · 4H₂O was dissolved in the coating solution. The maximum amount of Au that can be incorporated in the oxide film was found to increase with the increase of the pH point at zero charge (PZC) of the matrix oxide. This should be due to the fact that AuCl ₄ ^- ions are charged negative and also Au microcrystals tend to charge negative, so that the oxide gel with high PZC, which has a tendency to charge positive, may fix the ions and/or microcrystals to its interior. A maximum amount of Au microcrystals as high as 12.6 vol% was attained in an Au:Al₂O₃ film.     

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of composite oxides in the pseudobinary system ZnO-Ga2O3

Phase relations in the pseudobinary system ZnO-Ga₂O₃ were investigated at 1723 K. The homologous phase Ga₂O₃(ZnO)_m was formed in a region 9 ≦ n ≦ 38 for ZnO: Ga₂O₃ = n: 1, and Ga-doped ZnO (wurtzite structure) was in n ≧ 398. In between the two regions (i.e. 38 < n < 398) a composite of Ga-doped ZnO and the homologous phase Ga₂O₃(ZnO)_mmax (m_max ≈ 38) was formed. Thermoelectric properties of the composite were examined along with Ga-doped ZnO and the homologous phase Ga₂O₃(ZnO)₃₃. In the composite, the homologous phase appears to be very effective in lowering the thermal conductivity. As a result of a trade-off relationship between the power factor and the thermal resistivity, thermoelectric performance happened to be roughly the same for the composite and Ga-doped ZnO samples.