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1.
To evaluate the thickness of the layers of a Ti/TiAl3/Al system, experiments based on surface resistance measurements have been performed. The thickness of each layer is deduced from a comparison among calculated and measured values of resistance. We present here a solution for the simulation of surface resistance and the results obtained with this method on Ti/TiAl3/Al systems.  相似文献   

2.
《European Polymer Journal》1986,22(7):577-583
Ionization and solubility of silicic acid with variation of pH and concentration of silicic acid are studied by potentiometric measurements. Two characteristic points appear on titration plots: the first point occurs at pH = 3 with formation of the ionized silicic acid; the second at pH = 7 is interpreted as revealing monomeric species. Diverse species of ionized silicic acid are in sols between pH = 3 and 7; the sols contain the smallest species of polymer for pH < 6 and show an optimum of polymerization for pH ≥ 6.  相似文献   

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Résumé On a étudié l'oxydation de l'éthylèneglycol, de la glycérine, de la mannite, du gluconate de calcium et des acides amygdalique, malique et citrique par le tétracétate de plomb. On a développé des méthodes pour le dosage quantitatif de ces substances, suivant lesquelles on fait réagir un excès de tétracétate de plomb sur la substance analysée, en présence d'un acétate alcalin en milieu acide acétique dilué, et après un certain temps on refait le titrage potentiométrique par une solution volumétrique d'hydroquinone. Le cours des réactions est discuté en détail, et est comparé avec les oxydations par l'acide périodique et ses sels.
Summary A study was made of the oxidation by lead tetraacetate of ethyleneglycol, glycerol, mannite, calcium gluconate, mandelic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. Procedures were worked out for the quantitative determination of the above materials. Lead tetraacetate was allowed to react with the sample in dilute acetic acid and in the presence of alkali acetate. The excess reagent was titrated after a specified tune potentiometrically with standard hydro-quinone solution. A detailed discussion of the course of the reaction is included, and the action is compared with that of periodic acid and its salts.

Zusammenfassung Die Oxydation von Äthylenglykol, Glycerin, Mannit, Calciumglukonat, Mandelsäure, Äpfel- und Zitronensäure mittels Bleitetraacetat wurde untersucht. Für die quantitative Bestimmung der genannten Stoffe wurden Arbeitsgänge ausgearbeitet; in verd. Essigsäure und bei Anwesenheit von Alkaliacetat läßt man Bleitetraacetat auf die Probe einwirken, dessen Überschuß nach einer bestimmten Zeit potentiometrisch mit Hydrochinon-Maßlösung zurücktitriert wird. Der Verlauf der Reaktionen wird eingehend diskutiert und mit der Einwirkung der Perjodsäure bzw. ihrer Salze verglichen.
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This note presents, in the framework of three-dimensional linear elastodynamics in the time domain, a method for evaluating sensitivities of integral functionals to crack shapes, based on the adjoint state approach and resulting in a sensitivity formula expressed in terms of surface integrals (on the external boundary and the crack surface) and contour integrals (involving the direct and adjoint stress intensity factor distributions on the crack front). This method is well-suited to boundary element treatments of e.g. crack reconstruction inverse problems.  相似文献   

7.
Making use of the virtual work method, a mechanical multiphase model for reinforced materials is developed. Matrix and reinforcement are continuously distributed. In modelling the internal forces, account is taken of the ‘continuous’ and ‘curvilinearharacteristics of the matrix and reinforcements, and of their interaction. The corresponding equations of motion and associated boundary conditions are deduced for each phase by applying the virtual work principle. Such a multiphase model is a suitable framework for dealing with problems in which imperfect bonding between matrix and reinforcements should be taken into account.  相似文献   

8.
The authors describe conditions of electrolysis which permit a quantitative deposit of traces of manganese to be obtained from sulphate and perchlorate solutions. Theoretical considerations based on the application of polarisation curves lead to a quantitative explanation of some of the experimental results, especially those concerned with the effect of different factors on the kinetics of deposition.  相似文献   

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《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2002,5(3):149-155
Cd1–xZnxS is an important material that can be used to make n-type window-layers for thin film heterojunction solar cells. After a theoretical study of the solution chemistry of cadmium and zinc sulphates, ammonia and thiourea corresponding to sulphurs precipitation, we have been interested in the study of the effect of some parameters (temperature and zinc concentration) on the deposition process of Cd1–xZnxS on a glass substrate. X-ray diffraction studies showed that this latter compound crystallises in a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. The AFM analysis showed that a homogenous deposited film was obtained for x = 0.1. The different values of gap energy are in the range 2,42–2,50 eV for x values between 0.08 and 0.28.  相似文献   

11.
Using a hanging dropping mercury electrode (according to Vogel) the autliors find a better sensitivity of measurements in the determination of triphenyl tin acetate as fungicide residues on vegetable inatter.  相似文献   

12.
Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon involving the interaction of hydrodynamical, mechanical, metallurgical and chemical factors. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the erosion rate as a function of cavitation conditions and material properties.  相似文献   

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Sternberg  J.  Colas  J.  Kahn  T. 《Mikrochimica acta》1951,36(2):942-957
Résumé La complexité de l'état physique dans lequel se trouvent les constituants du lait à l'état naturel fait de leur séparation un problème difficilement soluble, surtout quand il s'agit d'analyser de petites quantités.Une séparation des constituants du lait est possible sur une colonne d'alumine hydratée.Le mécanisme de cette séparation réside dans un échange d'ions, résultant des propriétés conférées par la couche de graisse déposée sur le grain d'alumine hydraté.Le lactose, le premier constituant recueilli, passe par simple filtration indifféremment duh de l'alumine.Les protéides sont élués par une solution alcaline. Leh de l'alumine a une grande influence à la fois sur leur adsorption et sur leur élution. Une alumine acide retient la presque totalité des protéines, tandis qu'une alumine neutre ou légèrement alcaline en permet une élution facile.Dans les conditions de nos expériences l'alumine employée ne peut adsorber qu'une quantité déterminée de protéines. L'excès passe immédiatement dans le filtrat. Ainsi, l'on peut différencier deux fractions protéiques qui sont récoltées après le passage du lait dans la colonne: l'une dans le filtrat, quand la colonne est déjà saturée, l'autre dans l'éluat alcalin.Les phosphates minéraux sont élués par une solution acide; leur rétention n'est pas influencée par leh de la colonne.
Summary The complexity of the physical state, in which the constituents of milk occur naturally, makes their separation a difficult problem, particularly when small quantities are to be analyzed. The constituents of milk can be separated on a column of hydrated alumina.The mechanism of this separation resides in an exchange of ions resulting from properties conferred by the layer of fat deposited on the grains of hydrated alumina.Lactose, the first constituent collected, passes through by simple filtration, indifferent to theh of the alumina.The proteins are eluted by means of an alkaline solution. Theh of the alumina has a large influence both on their adsorption and elution. An acidic alumina retains practically all of the proteins, whereas a neutral or slightly alkaline alumina makes their elution easy.Under the conditions of the author's experiments, the alumina employed could adsorb only a determinate quantity of proteins. The excess immediately passed into the filtrate. It is thus possible to differentiate two protein fractions, which are collected after the passage of the milk through the column: one in the filtrate, when the column is already saturated, the other in the alkaline eluate.The mineral phosphates are eluted by an acid solution; their retention is not influenced by theh of the column.

Zusammenfassung Die verwickelten physikalischen Verhältnisse unter den Bestandteilen der Milch im natürlichen Zustand macht deren Trennung zu einem schwierigen Problem, besonders wenn es sich um die Analyse kleiner Mengen handelt. Diese Trennung wird durch Verwendung einer Säule von Aluminiumoxydhydrat ermöglicht. Der Trennungsmechanismus beruht auf einem Ionenaustausch zufolge jener Umstände, die sich aus der Bindung des Fettes an das gekörnte Adsorptionsmittel ergeben. Die Lactose, der zuerst erhältliche Bestandteil, passiert das Aluminiumoxyd unabhängig vomh. Die Proteide werden alkalisch eluiert. Dash des Aluminiumoxyds ist von großem Einfluß auf deren Adsorption und Elution. Saures Aluminiumoxyd hält das Eiweiß fast zur Gänze zurück, während neutrales oder schwach basisches Aluminiumoxyd die Elution erleichtert. Unter den von uns gewählten Versuchsbedingungen kann das verwendete Aluminiumoxyd nur eine bestimmte Menge der Eiweißkörper adsorbieren. Der Überschuß geht unmittelbar ins Filtrat. So lassen sich zwei Eiweißfraktionen unterscheiden, von denen sich die eine nach der Sättigung der Trennsäule im Filtrat, die andere im Eluat findet. Das anorganische Phosphat wird sauer eluiert; dessen Adsorption wird durch dash der Kolonne nicht beeinflußt.


Avec 10 figures.  相似文献   

15.
The different macroscopic modelling routes and chemical databases are reviewed for the growth of silicon carbide from the vapour phase in the Si-C-H-Ar system. Theses databases have been built up by experts over many years through the critical assessment of primary experimental data and ab-initio calculations. The thermodynamic modelling route addresses several important issues with respect to vapour deposition techniques. This approach is a useful tool in understanding the complex chemistry involved during the growth, but should be used with careful attention to the assumptions underlying the application. The transport modelling approach extends the previous analysis to dynamical systems. It is based on the conservation equations for momentum and heat transfer combined with mass transfer including thermodiffusion and chemical reactions based on thermodynamic and kinetic data. In addition to empirical, lumped chemical kinetic models, we propose a new modelling route linking transfers models with local thermochemical equilibrium (LTCE) computations. The modelling results have been validated with the help of the SiC sublimation technique for the transfer-LTCE concept, and of the chemical vapour deposition technique for lumped chemistry models. The simulated results allow the quantification of the different modelling proposals.  相似文献   

16.
Résumé En mettant á profit les découvertes des savants français du début de ce siécle sur la perméabilité de la silice fondue pour l'hydrogéne, l'oxygéne et l'azote, nous avons montré que le dosage á l'échelle ultramicro de l'hydrogéne, de l'oxygéne par voie directe, du carbone et du squelette oxydo-carboné d'une molécule d'un même échantillon de substance contenant carbone, hydrogéne et oxygéne, était possible, avec des moyens extrêmement modestes.
Summary By taking advantage of the discoveries made at the beginning of this century by French scientists with respect to the permeability of fused silica to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, we have shown that the determination on the ultramicro scale of hydrogen, oxygen by the direct way, and of carbon and of the oxydo-carbonaceous skeleton of a molecule is possible employing the same sample of a substance containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and by means of extremely modest equipment.

Zusammenfassung Die zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts von französischen Autoren entdeckte Durchlässigkeit von Quarzglas für Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff bei hohen Temperaturen bietet die Grundlage zur direkten ultramikroanalytischen Bestimmung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. In der gleichen Einwaage einer aus C, H und O bestehenden Substanz lassen sich mit einfachen Mitteln auch der Kohlenstoffgehalt und der von Wasserstoff befreite Rest des Moleküls bestimmen.
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The present study concerns an epitope identified by a monoclonal IgM, named 5B2, generated against the parasitic phase of Candida albicans. The epitope was previously shown to be carried by excreted C. albicans glycoproteins and to be present in the sera of patients suffering from systemic candidiasis. The cytological analysis of the epitope expression was investigated in 3 different yeast strains: the C. albicans strain from which 5B2 was generated (VW.32); a C. albicans mutant, deficient in cell wall mannans (KD.102); and a Sacchromyces cerevisiae strain. Immunofluorescence assays using IgM-5B2 showed discontinoous labelling with the VW.32 strain and no labelling with the 2 other yeast strains; however, the superficial structures of the 3 strains reacted homogeneously with ConA. Ultrastructural immunodetection experiments performed with the VW.32 cells, using gold-conjugated monoclonal antibody, revealed the presence of the epitope in the vacuolo-vesicular system, the periphery of the cytoplasm, the periplasmic space and the cell wall. Under the same conditions, cells from the KD.102 strain only exhibited weak cytoplasmic labelling whereas the presence of the epitope in S. cerevisiae blastoconidia was restricted to the vesicles. Competition and double labelling experiments with IgM and ConA showed that the epitope, distributed on the great majority of VW.32 glycoproteins, is shared by a lesser proportion of the KD.102 glycoproteins and only by some vesicular glycoproteins of S. cerevisiae. Inhibition of the N-glycosylation process of the VW.32 strain by tunicamycin resulted in the absence of cytokinesis and germ tube formation. In such cells, epitope 5B2 was no longer expressed on the bud surface. These cytological results concerning the C. albicans epitope are discussed in relation to recent, more general biochemical data on the yeast glycosylation process.  相似文献   

19.
The knowledge of polarisation curves permits the interpretation and prediction of the form of the curves obtained by bimetallic potentiometric determination.  相似文献   

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