制作连续沟形微光学元件的新方法

提出一种制作连续沟形微光学元件的新方法，用移动物面上二元图案的方法来获得连续灰度的记录，再用卤化银明胶处理技术，把灰度银像转化成明胶硬度潜像，最后采用酶蚀显影工艺把潜像显现为连续沟形的浮雕结构，文中给出了原理分析和实验验证，初步结果令人满意。     

重铬酸盐明胶(DCG)全息图退化的机理分析及抗潮方法之一

ＤＣＧ全息图的环境不稳定问题阻碍了它的广泛应用。本文从ＤＣＧ全息图成像的主要材料明胶的分子结构入手，分析它的主要功能基团对全息图的成像机制和环境稳定性的影响，发现在明胶分子中大量的强极性基团氨基和羧基在ＤＣＧ成膜、光化学反应中起着重要作用。但也正是这些基团是强吸潮基团，在９０％环境湿度中，使明胶吸潮率可达到４０％。本文分析了Ｎａｉｋ用聚合物溶液涂层试图隔离潮气进入ＤＣＧ全息图的方法效果不佳的原因，采用能获得致密涂层的苯乙烯本体直接聚合成膜的方法，获得了在高湿度环境中，高衍射效率ＤＣＧ全息图长达三个月稳定的抗潮方法。     

一种微光刻全息记录新材料：光刻蚀纤维素软片成像机理及其特性研究

报道一种新型的聚合物全息记录材料：光刻蚀纤维素软片（ＰＣＦ），对该材料较强的实时特性、较高的分辨本领、线性的表面浮雕调制特性等进行了实验研究，同时通过电子自旋共振谱（ＥＳＲ）、红外谱（ＩＲ）等手段研究了其成像过程中的光化学反应过程，证实了它的光降解机理。     

压印光刻中紫外光诱导阻蚀胶固化控制计算

针对压印过程中两类基本的复型缺陷，从实验分析中得出其主要原因是曝光后阻蚀胶的固化程度难以控制．通过分析紫外曝光光源与阻蚀胶的光谱匹配性，得出使得阻蚀胶固化的有效波长为365nm；对光诱导紫外曝光过程中紫外光的传播分析，建立了阻蚀胶中光强分布的数学模型；用粘度来表征阻蚀胶的固化程度，建立了阻蚀胶中的粘度分布函数．分析了阻蚀胶对365nm紫外光的吸收率以及膜厚对阻蚀胶中光强分布均匀性的影响，得出复型后阻蚀胶凸起处的光强分布均匀性对吸收率及膜厚更为敏感的结论．     

重铬酸盐明胶全息图的吸水退化模型

在有前明胶材料吸水机理的基础上，结合明胶全息图退化的有关实验结果，提出重铬酸盐明胶全息图的吸水退化模型，并对明胶全息图稳定性的实验结果从机理上进行解释。结果表明，这一模型对现有析实验有给出满足的解释，因此是进一步提高明胶全息图稳定性和具有一定的理论指导意义。     

无银明胶全息干版的技术过程

本文简要介绍了新产品无银明胶全息干版的成像机理、工艺设计及底层实验技术,提出了该产品在图像制阶段的基本工艺。     

3.4% NaCl介质中铁点蚀行为的表面拉曼光谱成像研究

本文利用共焦拉曼光谱技术结合对铁电极的合适的粗糙化预处理,现场研究了３．４％ＮａＣｌ腐蚀介质听电极的点蚀行为,获得了点蚀坑内腐蚀产物的表面增强拉曼光谱,成功地将表面增强拉曼光谱技术拓宽至铁的腐蚀行为的研究中,利用共焦拉曼光谱仪的成像技术研究了位于６６０ｃｍ＾－１处点蚀产物的二维分布图。研究表明：在校正电位铁表面发生点蚀后,点蚀坑内腐蚀产物不是以单一物种存在,而是多种铁氧化合物共存,且这些铁的氧化腐蚀产物的点蚀坑内的分布也极不均匀。     

明胶大分子中的正电子湮没行为

利用正电子湮没寿命谱 ,从分子尺度上对两种分别从深海鱼皮和牛骨提取的明胶大分子的微观结构性能进行了研究 .正电子湮没寿命谱的长寿命组分给出了关于明胶大分子中自由体积空穴的信息 .结果表明 ,鱼明胶大分子中自由体积空穴的尺度与数量均低于骨明胶大分子 .同时 ,用鱼明胶和骨明胶作为成核分散介质的乳剂试验表明 ,鱼明胶可以改善卤化银颗粒的单分散性并抑制晶核的生长和聚结 .由此认为 ,明胶作为保护性胶体的功能与其微结构特征相关 .鱼明胶在控制卤化银颗粒成核与生长中的功能强于骨明胶 .     

明胶全息图环境稳定性的研究

参照Ｎａｉｋ对明胶全息图环境性的考察工作，对双敏感中心红敏明胶材料中所记录的全息图的环境稳定性进行了实验考察，结果表明，用ＤＣ－ＭＢＤＣＧ记录的全息图比各酸明胶全息图有高的多的环境稳定性。本文还对实验结果的机理进行了讨论，并给出了一种明胶全息图抗水涂层制备新工艺。     

提高明室下激光全息实验成功率的研究

激光全息照相实验是大学物理中的一个重要实验。当前大多数高校开设的激光全息实验需要暗室条件,对实验室条件要求比较高。本文介绍了一种采用了重铬酸盐明胶作为记录介质的激光全息成像方法,可在明室条件下进行,不在需要建设专门的暗室。在学生实验过程中,学生短时间内难以掌握实验方法,容易造成无法成像或图像不清晰等诸多问题。本文从系统稳定性、曝光时间、光路图、冲洗等方面提出了一些解决方法,可有效提高实验成功率。     

A wideband sensitive holographic photopolymer

A novel wideband sensitive dry holographic photopolymer sensitized by rose bengal (RB) and methylene blue (MB) is fabricated, the holographic storage characteristics of which are investigated under different exposure wavelengths. The result shows that the sensitive spectral band exceeds 200 nm in visible light range, the maximum diffraction efficiency under different exposure wavelengths is more than 40% and decreases with the decrease of exposure wavelength, the exposure sensitivity is not change with the exposure wavelength.This photopolymer is appropriate for wavelength multiplexing or multi-wavelength recording in digital holographic storage.     

用近贴式软X射线光刻术研究DCPA光刻胶的曝光性能

采用软X射线近贴式光刻术,对DCPA光刻胶的曝光性能进行了系统研究,得到了一些新的实验结果。     

Characterization of exposure to silver nanoparticles in a manufacturing facility

An assessment of the extent of exposure to nanomaterials in the workplace will be helpful in improving the occupational safety of workers. It is essential that the exposure data in the workplace are concerned with risk management to evaluate and reduce worker exposure. In a manufacturing facility dealing with nanomaterials, some exposure data for gas-phase reactions are available, but much less information is available regarding liquid-phase reactions. Although the potential for inhaling nanomaterials in a liquid-phase process is less than that for gas-phase, the risks of exposure during wet-chemistry processes are not negligible. In this study, we monitored and analyzed the exposure characteristics of silver nanoparticles during a liquid-phase process in a commercial production facility. Based on the measured exposure data, the source of Ag nanoparticles emitted during the production processes was indentified and a mechanism for the growth of Ag nanoparticle released is proposed. The data reported in this study could be used to establish occupational safety guidelines in the nanotechnology workplace, especially in a liquid-phase production facility.     

The effect of infrared radiation on etching characteristics of CR-39 plastic track recorder

The effect of infrared radiation on the etching characteristics of CR-39 plastic track recorder has been studied. CR-39, which is commonly employed in cosmic rays studies is found to be affected by IR radiations. The changes in the bulk etch rate, in the track etch rate and in etching efficiency due to infrared radiation exposure of CR-39 are discussed on the basis of scission and cross linking during infrared exposure.     

Noise-induced hearing loss as influenced by other agents and by some physical characteristics of the individual

The interaction of noise with a variety of other agents and with some physical characteristics of the individual to produce noise-induced hearing loss is reviewed critically. The review is restricted, for the most part, to publications since 1970. Other agents interacting with steady-state noise that are reviewed here include: (1) ototoxic drugs (kanamycin, neomycin, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, and salicylates), (2) impulse noise, and (3) whole-body vibration. Physical characteristics of the individual that are reviewed are: (1) age, (2) presence of previous hearing loss from prior noise exposure, (3) eye color, and (4) race. Suggestions for future research in this general area are also made. Some of these suggestions are as follows: (1) to extend studies of the interaction of steady-state noise with impulse noise, salicylates, and whole-body vibration to encompass a broader range of exposure conditions, including exposure conditions typically encountered by the worker, (2) to develop an animal model of presbycusis to explore the interactions of noise-induced hearing loss and presbycusis, and (3) to explore the potential interactions resulting from concurrent exposure to multiple agents, such as impulse noise and ototoxic drugs, in younger, more susceptible animals.     

彩色数码相机光强传递函数的场景曝光标定

由传感曲线的数学特征表明,有限项多项式完全可以满足传感器函数的拟合及其精度。通过定义相对光强和推导出与传感器函数等价的光强传递函数,建立了场景标定原理。仅改变曝光时间,保持相机的其它参数不变,建立了曝光标定原理。将两种标定原理相结合,形成了关于彩色数码相机光强传递函数的场景曝光标定方法,并对Olym-pus E-20p数码相机进行了标定。     

科学级光学CCD暗电流及机械快门时间响应特性测试

暗电流在科学级电荷耦合器件(CCD)长时间曝光测试实验中是主要的噪声之一。实验测试了暗电流信号平均计数随曝光时间的变化关系,并经过计算得出-10℃和-20℃下暗电流分别为2.43ADU/(s.pixel)和0.4854ADU/(s.pixel),同时测试了暗电流随CCD制冷温度的变化特性,结果显示暗电流随温度类似指数函数形式变化。由于CCD机械快门的时间响应特性对科学级光学CCD的短时曝光计数的影响比较大,实验测试了CCD平均计数和曝光时间的关系,得出实验所用的TEK 512pixel×512pixel DB CCD的机械快门在18ms时能够完全打开。     

红外光曝露对于大鼠组织影响的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

生物组织受到外界电磁场曝露以后,生物分子的结构可能会发生变化,所发生的变化可以从组织的红外光谱的变化得到确认。为了研究红外光曝露对血液、睾丸以及脑组织的影响,对曝露于红外光条件下30天的大鼠的血液、睾丸和脑组织进行了红外光谱测量,将测试结果在1 700～1 000 cm-1范围内与对照组进行了对比,并利用红外光谱的二阶导数谱进一步分析红外光曝露对生物各组织微观结构特性的影响,探讨了红外光曝露的作用位点及其机制。研究结果表明红外光曝露可致大鼠组织的红外光谱特征发生一定的变化,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术可以用于分析红外光曝露对于生物组织微观结构的影响及其发生机制。     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.