高比表面CexZr1-xO2复合氧化物的制备及表征

分别采用共沉淀法和阴离子表面活性剂模板法制备了Ce_xZr_1-xO₂复合氧化物。采用XRD、AFM、FTIR以及N₂吸附-脱附等方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明，共沉淀法合成的样品在500 ℃煅烧2 h后，生成了立方相Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂和四方相Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体，比表面积为62.1 m²·g^-1，孔体积为0.097 cm³·g^-1；以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为模板剂，乙二胺为助模板剂合成的样品在500 ℃煅烧2 h后，生成了纯四方相Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体，比表面积为180 m²·g^-1，孔体积为0.182 cm³·g^-1。结果表明，以阴离子表面活性剂SDBS为模板剂，可以合成高比表面积且具有介孔结构的Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂复合氧化物；加入乙二胺作为助模板剂可明显的提高比表面积和孔体积。     

Pd/Zn/C-N催化CO2加氢合成甲醇性能研究

利用Zn2+和2-甲基咪唑自组装形成的ZIF-8, 800℃N2氮气气氛下焙烧得到Zn/C-N载体.采用NaBH4还原法将不同含量Pd负载于Zn/C-N上焙烧后得到Pd/Zn/C-N催化剂, ICP测得Pd实际负载量为0.02%、0.05%、0.1%、0.3%.负载Pd后,由于Pd氢溢流作用, ZnO表面还原温度降低,氧空穴增加,更有利于CO2解离吸附,因此Pd负载量越高,催化剂CO2转化率越高.甲醇选择性受Pd纳米颗粒大小显著影响,小颗粒Pd与ZnO相互作用更强,更有利于甲醇生成,其中0.02%Pd/Zn/C-N催化剂在275℃, 2 MPa反应条件下, Pd/g上甲醇时空收率最高, STYMeOH值为11.0 mol/(g Pd·h).     

水热法合成Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体研究

采用两种不同前驱体通过水热法合成了Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体,并通过XRD,BET,TPR等手段考察了样品的相结构,比表面及还原特性.结果表明,在180℃,12 h的水热条件下,以共沉淀产物为前驱体所制得的Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体比表面积较高,但存在一定程度的相分离;以凝胶产物为前驱体制得的Ce0.67Zr0.33O0.2固溶体结构更完整,具有良好的还原特性及热稳定性.     

Ce0.5Zr0.5O2修饰的Ni/SiC、Fe/SiC和Co/SiC催化燃烧甲烷性能

以铈锆固溶体（Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂）修饰的高比表面积SiC为载体,采用两步浸渍法制备了Ni、Fe和Co基催化剂,研究了其在煤层气催化燃烧脱氧中的催化活性和稳定性. 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、比表面积（BET）、热重分析（TGA）和H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）对催化剂进行了表征. 分析结果表明,Ni、Fe和Co部分进入Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体晶格内部,导致催化剂体相形成更多的缺陷;同时Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体有助于加速金属氧化物和金属之间氧化还原过程的进行,促进了氧吸附、传输和对甲烷的活化. 另外,SiC和Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固熔体良好的抗积碳性能,有效避免了催化剂在富甲烷反应气氛中因积碳而失活,从而使三种催化剂均具有优良的催化燃烧脱氧活性和稳定性. 其中,Co/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂/SiC活性最高,可在320 ℃活化催化甲烷,并在410 ℃实现完全脱氧.     

Mn掺杂Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂同时去除碳烟和氮氧化物的性能

采用柠檬酸络合燃烧法制备了一系列x%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(x=0,5,10,15,30,50)复合金属氧化物催化剂,对其同时去除柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物(PM)和氮氧化物(NOx)反应的催化活性进行了评价,并采用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和原位漫反射红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)等技术对催化剂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,不同含量Mn掺杂入铈锆固溶体中均形成了三元固溶体催化剂,在同时去除PM和NOx的催化反应中,固溶体催化剂的催化活性与其氧化能力直接相关。其中30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂具有较好的同时去除PM和NOx的催化活性,催化去除PM的Ti和Tm分别为298和504℃,NO的转化率达到30.6%。结合O2-TPD和原位红外结果可知,30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面吸附的超氧物种(O2-)及其与NO反应生成的硝酸盐物种(NO3-)是同时去除PM和NO反应的主要活性物种,进而指出PM和NO在30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面反应过程中形成了异氰酸盐(-NCO)中间物种,在原位红外实验的基础上提出了30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2复合氧化物催化剂同时去除PM和NOx的反应机理。     

Mg掺杂In2O3-x催化剂光热催化CO2加氢

为提高光热催化CO₂加氢催化剂In₂O₃的催化活性,采用均相水热法制备Mg(OH)₂-In(OH)₃前驱体,通过高温煅烧和H₂-还原处理得到了富含氧空位的Mg掺杂In₂O_3-x(Mg-In₂O_3-x)催化剂。在300℃、常压、可见光照射条件下,CO₂加氢转化为CO的CO₂转化率可达31.20%,CO产生速率为14.22 mmol·gcat^-1·h^-1,CO选择性为100%。相比于单一In₂O_3-x催化剂,Mg-In₂O_3-x催化剂光热催化CO₂转化率及CO产生速率明显提高,这归因于Mg成功掺杂到In₂O₃形晶格中,促进In₂O₃表面氧空位的形成,进而对可见光响应效率大幅提高,并有效减缓光生电子-空穴的复合。     

Mg掺杂In2O3-x催化剂光热催化CO2加氢

为提高光热催化CO₂加氢In₂O₃催化剂的催化活性,采用均相水热法制备Mg (OH)₂-In (OH)₃前驱体,通过高温煅烧和H₂-还原处理得到了富含氧空位的Mg掺杂In₂O_3-x(Mg-In₂O_3-x)催化剂。在300℃、常压、可见光照射条件下,CO₂加氢转化为CO的CO₂转化率可达31.20%,CO产生速率为14.22 mmol·g_cat^-1·h^-1,CO选择性为100%。相比于单一In₂O_3-x催化剂,Mg-In₂O_3-x催化剂光热催化CO₂转化率及CO产生速率明显提高,这归因于Mg成功掺杂到In₂O₃晶格中,促进In₂O₃表面氧空位的形成,进而对可见光响应效率大幅提高,并有效减缓光生电子-空穴的复合。     

Cu-ZnO-CeO2催化剂组成对CO2加H2合成甲醇性能的影响

采用并流沉淀法分别制备了CuO-CeO₂（物质的量比为5：1）、CuO-ZnO（物质的量比为5：4）、CuO-ZnO-CeO₂（物质的量比为5：4：1）三组目标催化剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、氢气升温还原（H₂-TPR）、CO₂程序升温脱附（CO₂-TPD）、氮气吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂O滴定表征技术对催化剂的物化性能进行了测试,并在高温高压微催化反应器中对催化剂进行活性评价。研究了CuO-ZnO-CeO₂组成对CO₂加氢合成甲醇的影响。结果表明,与二组分催化剂相比较,三组分CuO-ZnO-CeO₂催化剂物化性能及催化活性发生了很大变化,催化剂表面碱性位增强,热稳定性增强,CuO颗粒粒径变小,铜分散度以及氧空位浓度提高,最终催化活性显著提高。其中,CuO-ZnO-CeO₂催化剂中,CuO颗粒粒径为8.2nm,铜的比表面积为68.4m²/g,铜分散度为7.19%,甲醇的选择性和收率分别为48.6%和0.057mmol/（g·min）,催化剂活性较好。     

CexTi1-xO2负载锰基催化剂的制备及其低温NH3选择催化还原NO

用共沉淀法制备了CexTi1-xO2复合氧化物载体。XRD和低温N2吸附-脱附结果指出,当0.2≤x≤0.4时,CexTi1-xO2载体主要以无定形态存在,且Ce0.4Ti0.6O2的比表面积和孔容最大。Mn-Fe/CexTi1-xO2系列催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性结果表明,Mn-Fe/CexTi1-xO2的活性随着Ce含量的增加先增大后减小,其中Mn-Fe/Ce0.4Ti0.6O2的活性最佳,在41000 h-1空速下,催化剂在75℃起燃,NO转化率在113℃时即超过90%。而XRD和XPS分析结果指出,Mn-Fe/Ce0.4Ti0.6O2催化剂主要以无定形或微晶的形式存在,催化剂表面Mn和Fe与载体间存在强相互作用,且催化剂表面存在Ce3+/Ce4+氧化还原电对和较多的化学吸附氧,有利于NO氧化成NO2,同时催化剂表现出了较好的抗H2O和SO2性能。     

Ce0.5Zr0.5O2固溶体的制备、晶粒增长及应用研究

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法,以乙醇为溶剂,制备得到形貌良好的铈锆固溶体Ce0.5Zr0.5O2,通过XRD,SEM,BET等手段进行了表征,XRD结果表明该法合成的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2具有四方晶相,无富铈或富锆相峰的出现。1000℃退火3 h后,表面积仍达25.1 m2.g-1。比表面积(SBET)和理论比表面积(SXRD)、晶粒尺寸(DXRD)和理论晶粒尺寸(SXRD)的计算比较,证明发生了颗粒团聚。根据XRD数据计算,Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的颗粒增长活化能为3.99 kJ.mol-1,较低的活化能归结为氧空位的产生。将制备的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2应用于催化碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的合成,催化效果良好。     

一锅法合成Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体催化剂用于热化学循环分解CO_2制CO

采用一锅蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA)制备了一系列不同铈锆物质的量比的铈锆固溶体催化剂,用TGA研究了其热化学循环分解CO_2制CO的催化性能,并采用XRD、Raman光谱、H2-TPR、XPS、SEM和N_2吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂的物相结构、还原性能和表面化学性质进行了表征分析,用热重分析(TGA)研究了铈锆固溶体对热化学循环分解CO_2制CO的催化性能。结果表明,随着Ce/Zr物质的量比增加,铈锆固溶体催化剂的CO_2高温分解活性先增大后减小。Ce/Zr物质的量比为1的Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2催化剂由于具有较多的晶格缺陷和氧空穴,氧迁移能力强,催化活性高,而Ce/Zr物质的量比为3的Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2催化剂具有相对稳定的氧空穴数,循环稳定性好。循环反应后,所有的催化剂均出现了一定程度的烧结,且富锆固溶体发生了相分离,这可能会影响催化剂的性能。     

Vapor phase reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol on CexZr1-xO2 solid solutions

Reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol using propane-2-ol as hydrogen donor has been carried out in vapor phase on Ce_xZr_1-xO₂ solid solutions synthesized by ombustion synthesized at 302°C. The solid solutions around 0.4 mol% cerium content show better catalytic activity compared to pure ZrO₂ and the selectivity to cyclohexanol is 98%. A moderate acid-base and good redox properties of Ce_xZr_1-xO₂ solid solutions are seen to be responsible for the catalytic activity. A possible mechanism of hydride transfer has been proposed with cerium ions as promoters. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-V/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of vanadium addition to CU/γ-Al2O3 catalyst used in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce methanol was studied. It was found that the catalytic performance of the Cu-based catalyst improved after V addition. The influence of reaction temperature, space velocity and the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 on the performance of 12%Cu-6%V/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were also studied. The results indicated that the best conditions for reaction were as follows: 240℃, 3600 h-1 and a molar ratio of H2 to CO2 of 3:1. The results of XRD and TPR characterization demonstrated that the addition of V enhanced the dispersion of the supported CuO species, which resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance of CU-V/γ-Al2O3 binary catalyst.     

CO Hydrogenation over Re-Co Bimetallic Catalysts Supported over SiO2, Al2O3 and NaY Zeolite

The promotion of rhenium on the reduction of Co²⁺ ions in cobalt based samples prepared by various methods, such as, sol/gel technique, incipient wetness impregnationof Al₂O₃ and NaY, has been investigated in the CO hydrogenation. Among the samples the reducibility of the sol/gel, Re-Co/Al₂O₃ and Re-Co/NaY(IM) were the highest compared to Re-Co/NaY (IE) [8]. In addition to facilitating reduction of Co²⁺ ions, the rhenium increased the rate of reaction and the formation ofC₅₊ hydrocarbons at 10 bar pressures. The samples pretreated in various manner, revealed an about five fold increase in activity and an increase in the chain length in the NaYsupported sample while the activity and selectivity changed in various way in the sol/gel prepared samples. Simultaneously, rhenium increased the amount of olefins of low carbon numbers.In the mechanism the rhenium provides an action preventing fast deactivation of cobalt.     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδcatalyst. The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδautothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature, and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδwas found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts. Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

负载型CuO/TiO2催化剂催化CO2加氢制甲醇

采用浸渍法制备了CuO/TiO_2负载型催化剂,并将其用于CO2加氢制甲醇反应。重点考察了铜的负载量对催化剂性能的影响,并对其物化性能和催化性能之间的关系进行了讨论。结果发现,随着铜负载量的增加,催化剂中金属铜的比表面先增加后减小,当铜的负载量为10%(质量百分数)时达到最大值。催化剂的表面碱性位数量随铜含量的增加持续减小,中等碱位和强碱位的强度下降。当铜的负载量不高于10%时,CO2的转化率与铜的比表面积呈线性关系。甲醇选择性与催化剂的表面碱位性质有关,过强的碱性位会降低甲醇选择性。