负载型LaCoO3/MO2催化氧化甲苯与NO的性能研究

本研究采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同载体负载的LaCoO₃/MO₂催化剂（M=Zr、Ti、Ce）,研究考察其催化氧化甲苯与NO的性能及关键机制。结果发现,以CeO₂为载体的LaCoO₃/CeO₂催化剂表现出最佳的催化氧化性能,其甲苯的t₉₀为245℃,同时在300℃时NO转化率可达68%。通过BET、XRD、H₂-TPR和XPS对各负载型钙钛矿催化剂的理化性质进行表征。结果表明,负载型钙钛矿催化剂拥有更大的比表面积,从而有效提供了更多的吸附位点,同时负载型钙钛矿催化剂具有更活跃的晶格氧和更好的氧化还原性能。其中,LaCoO₃与载体CeO₂在接触界面上观察到Co离子与Ce离子之间存在着相互作用,形成晶格缺陷,这有利于氧空位的形成。利用原位漫反射红外光谱进一步探寻了反应机理,LaCoO₃/CeO₂催化剂上NO氧化符合Langmuir-Hinsh...     

CoOx-CeOx/ZrO2催化氧化NO性能及抗SO2毒化研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列CoO_x-CeO_x/ZrO₂催化剂,探讨了催化剂载体、Co含量、Co/Ce配比等对Co基催化剂催化氧化NO活性的影响及其机理。ZrO₂负载的Co氧化物具有优良的低温NO催化氧化活性,铈的添加进一步提高了催化剂的低温活性。其促进机制主要是提高了催化剂吸附氧的能力及改善了Co在催化剂表面的分散。同时,掺杂铈使得催化剂抗SO₂能力有一定增强,呈现出选择性毒化机制。     

钙钛矿型CO氧化催化剂耐SO2中毒性质的研究

钙钛矿型ＣＯ氧化催化剂耐ＳＯ２中毒性质的研究马春曦王宝辉（大庆石油学院石油化工系安达１５１４００）关键词钙钛矿型催化剂一氧化碳氧化硫中毒近年来，人们对钙钛矿型复合物ＣＯ氧化催化剂作了大量研究，证明其具有很高的ＣＯ氧化活性［１－３］，并开始尝试应用于汽...     

负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧的研究

研究了甲烷在负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂(LCFM／α-Al2O3)上的低温催化燃烧反应．考察了制备方法、焙烧温度列催化剂结构和活性的影响．并进行了100h稳定性实验．实验结果表明用浸渍法、焙烧温度高于800℃就能在载体上生成良好的钙钛矿结构，催化剂具有较低的起燃温度并且在高温条件下具有与非负载型镧锰钙钛矿催化剂相当的活性；100h稳定性实验表明LCFM／a-Al2O3催化剂经历了100h．800℃的连续高温燃烧反应，催化剂仍保持了原有结构和催化活性．并且没有明显积碳．     

La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ钙钛矿催化剂表征及其催化氧化碳黑性能研究

为了研究La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_(3-δ)钙钛矿催化剂对碳黑的催化氧化过程,本研究通过研究催化剂和碳黑的两种不同接触方式,即紧密接触与松散接触,讨论了其对碳黑催化氧化过程的影响。结果表明,与松散接触和无催化剂接触条件相比,紧密接触条件下碳黑的tig(起燃温度)分别下降了89.5和157.4℃,同时随着催化剂/碳黑的比例增加,碳黑氧化的tig、tm(最大转化温度)、tf(燃净温度)均向低温区域移动,表明该催化剂对碳黑有着良好的催化氧化性能。     

钙钛矿型LaFeO3纳米材料光催化氧化NO2-的研究

采用有机前驱体法合成了钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3纳米物质,并用XRD,IR和TEM等对其进行了表征;结果表明,所制LaFeO3是立方体型,平均粒径在40~50 nm。以NO2-为目标降解物,考察其光催化活性,表明钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3纳米材料对NO2-的降解具有很好的催化效果。     

H2O和SO2对Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响

为了提高MNO_x/TiO₂催化剂催化氧化NO的活性,在载体TiO₂上负载醋酸锰的同时掺杂了一定量的硝酸铈,构成了Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD、BET和XPS等表征。重点考察了H₂O和SO₂对催化剂活性的影响,通过FT-IR、SEM和BET等表征手段对毒化前后的催化剂组成及结构进行了分析。结果表明,Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti催化剂具有较好的活性,在空速41 000 h^-1、NO体积分数为300×10^-6及O₂含量10%的条件下,反应温度200℃时NO转化率可达58%,250℃时NO转化率达到最高值85%。单独加入4%H₂O使得催化剂活性降低,升高反应温度,H₂O对催化剂的影响减弱;同时通入4%H₂O和100×10^-6SO₂,在反应温度250℃时,NO转化率下降并维持在48%左右,停止通入后恢复到61%。H₂O和SO₂使催化剂活性物种硫酸盐化失活。     

水相法制备Ce-W@TiO_2催化剂的氨选择性催化还原NO(NH_3-SCR)活性和抗SO_2性能研究

采用水相法制备了Ce、W、Ti复合氧化物催化剂并用于氨选择性催化还原NO(NH_3-SCR)过程。TiO_2包裹型Ce-W@TiO_2催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性。205-515℃NO转化率超过90%。SO_2的存在造成所有催化剂低温段NO催化转化率的降低和高温段(425-540℃)NO催化转化率的升高,TiO_2@Ce-W表现出优越的低温抗SO_2性能。通过普通共沉淀法向Ce-W复合氧化物中引入Ti会导致催化剂表面W丰度、酸性位点的减少和低温NO转化率、耐SO_2性能的降低。通过水相法制备的TiO_2包裹型的Ce-W@TiO_2型催化剂,有利于表面W丰度、酸性位点、低温抗SO_2性能和催化活性的提高。     

La掺杂BiOI微球可见光下光催化氧化NO性能研究

Photocatalytic oxidation has been widely acknowledged as an economical and effective technology for the treatment of low-concentration NO. Three-dimensional (3D) BiOI microspheres, which are typical visible-light responsive semiconductor photocatalysts, often suffer from quick recombination of photogenerated carriers and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity when applied in NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions. However, owing to their micro-sized structures, they are usually difficult to couple with other semiconductors and co-catalysts because of their incompact interfaces that provide insufficient contact. In this study, a rare-earth metal (La) doping strategy was first adopted to modify BiOI microspheres via a simple one-step solvothermal method; subsequently, the photocatalytic NO oxidation performance under visible light illumination was systematically investigated. Further, the La precursors and doping contents were optimized. It was found that La(NO₃)₂ was the best precursor when compared to LaCl₃ and La(AC)₃. Moreover, 0.3%La/BiOI exhibited the best NO photocatalytic conversion efficiency of up to 74%, which was significantly higher than that of the pure BiOI benchmark (44%). It also exhibited excellent stability during the continuous 5-cycle experiments. Analysis of the physicochemical properties revealed that La doping facilitated the crystallization of BiOI without altering its morphology and structure. La³⁺ may enter the BiOI lattice by substituting Bi³⁺ or forming La₂O₃ nanoclusters that homogeneously scatter in the mesopores of BiOI microspheres. The analysis of the underlying mechanism further revealed that La doping not only enhanced the light harvesting properties by decreasing the bandgaps of BiOI and accelerating the charge separation and transfer dynamics, but also introduced more oxygen vacancies and facilitated the formation of more OH radicals by dissociating the water molecules. All these factors co-contributed to the promotion of NO photocatalytic oxidation activities. Furthermore, NO was mainly oxidized to NO₂ over La/BiOI, and the formed NO₂ tended to desorb from the catalyst surface, which not only maintained the intactness of active sites and facilitated the sustainable occurrence of NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions, but also prevented the photocatalysts from frequent washing-regeneration; therefore, these factors account for the superior photocatalytic stability of La/BiOI and its long-term operation. The formed NO₂ could be easily and totally absorbed by the tail alkaline liquid, thereby effectively avoiding secondary pollution. Therefore, this study elucidates that doping is indeed a feasible and effective approach for the modification of 3D BiOI microspheres, while providing inspiration for the rational design and modification of other 3D semiconductor materials for various photocatalytic applications.      

Enhanced activity and SO2 resistance of Co-modified CeO2-TiO2 catalyst prepared by facile co-precipitation for elemental mercury removal in flue gas

The Co-modified CeO₂-TiO₂ catalyst prepared by facile co-precipitation was used for efficient elemental mercury oxidation in flue gas. Results indicated that Co doping greatly enhanced the activity and SO₂ resistance of the CeO₂-TiO₂ catalyst. In the presence of 5% O₂, 500 ppm NO, 800 ppm SO₂ and 3% H₂O at 200 °C, the Hg⁰ removal efficiency of CeCo₃/Ti could maintain at about 87% for a relatively long time. Characterizations of catalysts (BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, H₂-TPR, O₂-TPD, XPS, TG-MS and SO₂-DRIFTS) were carried out to reveal the mechanism of Co modification on the redox ability, SO₂ resistance and resultant mercury oxidation removal performance of catalyst. It was found that an interaction of Ce with Co promoted the dispersion of CeO₂, increased chemisorbed oxygen concentration, and improved the oxygen storage capacity and the reducibility of catalyst, which was beneficial to the improvement of Hg⁰ oxidation removal. Hg⁰ would adsorb onto the catalyst and react with surface active oxygen species replenished by gas-phase O₂ to be oxidized via Mars-Maessen mechanism. SO₂ consumed the surface active oxygen species and resulted in the reduction of Ce⁴⁺ to Ce³⁺, which induced the deactivation of catalyst. The introduced Co in CeO₂-TiO₂ catalyst exerted the function of protecting Ce⁴⁺ from being poisoned by SO₂ and thus promoted the sulfur resistance and Hg⁰ removal performance of the catalyst in the presence of SO₂.     

铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物催化剂制备及其选择催化还原NO

采用改进的共沉淀法制备铈钴镧复合氧化物(Ce-Co-La-O)载体,等体积浸渍负载活性组分Cu,制得铜基铈钴镧复合氧化物(Cu/Ce-Co-La-O)催化剂。考察该催化剂在富氧条件下对C₃H₆选择性还原NO反应(C₃H₆-SCR)的催化性能,并且利用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、Py-IR、TG和SEM等方法,研究催化剂结构与性能的关系。实验结果表明,Co能显著增加B(Brφnsted)酸的酸量并有效提高还原能力;La能进一步增加B酸的酸量并明显提高热稳定性;Ce-Co-La-O能够形成固溶体结构,发生良好的相互协同作用。因此,Cu/Ce-Co-La-O催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性和热稳定性,最佳催化活性温度为250 ℃,NO转化率高达81.6%,600 ℃时NO转化率仍可达52.5%。     

SCR脱硝过程中SO2催化氧化的原位红外研究

采用工业用V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂,基于傅里叶原位红外光谱(FT-IR)技术考察SO₂的氧化过程及烟气组分对SO₂氧化行为的影响;结果表明,SO₂在催化剂表面氧化主要是首先吸附在催化剂表面V₂O₅活性位上,占据其O原子,以SO^2-₃形式存在,后与催化剂表面V⁵⁺-OH发生反应,生成金属硫酸盐(VOSO₄)中间产物,O₂重新氧化催化氧化过程中由于被SO₂夺取O原子而被还原的V₂O₅物种,使V⁴⁺转化为V⁵⁺,促进金属硫酸盐(VOSO₄)向SO₃转化;SO₂与NO、NH₃的竞争吸附阻碍SO₂在V₂O₅活性点位上的氧化;在SCR中,NO的脱除与SO₂的氧化是相互抑制的关系。     

Ni-Cu /La2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

用浸渍法制备了不同Cu质量分数的Ni Cu/La2O3双金属催化剂,考察了金属浸渍顺序和Cu质量分数对催化剂甲烷部分氧化性能的影响,并通过BET、XRD、TPR和SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中,Cu助剂的添加对Ni/La2O3催化剂的活性有一定的改进作用,其中浸渍顺序对催化剂的性能影响很大,共浸渍制备的催化剂活性相对较好;Cu质量分数为5%~7%时催化剂有较好的活性和稳定性;XRD等测试表明,Cu和Ni金属由于相同的晶型结构及离子半径在制备过程中形成了双金属固溶体,提高了活性组分Ni的分散度,减少了Ni晶粒的烧结聚集长大,从而提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

V2O5-Sb2O3-TiO2催化剂 低温NH3还原NO及其抗H2O和SO2毒化性能

浸渍法制备了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂,考察了V₂O₅、Sb₂O₃负载量、pH值和焙烧温度对催化剂V₂O₅- Sb₂O₃-TiO₂低温氨选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性的影响;同时,考察了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。结果表明,V₂O₅和Sb₂O₃负载量分别为5%和2%、焙烧温度为400℃、pH值为4时,催化剂SCR活性最好,反应温度220℃时,可达97%。Sb₂O₃的加入不仅能增强V₂O₅/TiO₂的催化活性,而且能明显提高催化剂的抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。SO₂、NO吸附暂态反应和TG-DTG测试表明,Sb₂O₃的促进机制主要是促进了催化剂在SO₂存在条件下对NO的吸附,同时,减弱了硫酸铵盐与催化剂之间的相互作用,硫酸铵盐更容易分解。     

非晶态CeO_2@TiO_2催化剂的结构、性质及其选择催化还原脱硝性能

采用自发沉积法制备了非晶态Ce O_2@Ti O_2催化剂,通过XRD、Raman光谱、TEM、N_2吸附、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD及FTIR等手段表征了催化剂结构和表面性质,研究了Ce O_2@Ti O_2在选择催化还原脱NO反应中的催化性能。结果表明,非晶态Ce O_2@Ti O_2催化剂中Ce与Ti间存在很强的相互作用,能够在原子水平上相互结合,表现出与晶态结构截然不同的还原特性,具备更强的氧化还原能力。同时,与浸渍法制备的Ce O_2/Ti O_2相比,Ce O_2@Ti O_2还具有更大的比表面积和更强的表面酸性,因而具有更加优异的脱硝性能。在175℃下NO转化率即达到80%以上,在200-400℃脱硝率稳定在96.0%-99.4%;同时,H_2O和SO_2的阶跃应答实验表明,Ce O_2@Ti O_2具有很强的抗水和抗SO_2毒化能力。