TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究（英文）

采用热重-质谱法(TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法(Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为:十四硫醇二丁基硫醚二甲基噻吩苯并噻吩苯硫醚二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO2;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H2S。且热解气中SO2含量要显著高于H2S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO2的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H2S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H2S逸出。     

TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究

采用热重-质谱法(TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法(Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为:十四硫醇>二丁基硫醚>二甲基噻吩>苯并噻吩>苯硫醚>二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO₂;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H₂S。且热解气中SO₂含量要显著高于H₂S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO₂的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H₂S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H₂S逸出。     

吴家坪煤在流化床热解过程中含硫气体产物的分析

在氧气体积分数分别为3.0%、5.6%、 8.7%的O2 N2混合气，热解温度500℃～800℃, 停留时间30min下，对吴家坪煤在流化床反应器热解过程中的含硫气体进行了分析。热解过程中主要的含硫气体是H2S、COS和SO2, 且它们的逸出规律一致：随着温度和氧气体积分数的增高, 逸出速率加快。 氧气体积分数对煤中的H2S、COS的影响是相似的, 随着氧气体积分数增加, 相对于3.0% O2 N2 气氛, H2S和COS的逸出量占气相中总硫的比例在5.6% O2 N2 气氛下降, 在8.7% O2 N2 气氛下又有所上升; 而氧气体积分数对SO2的影响与之相反, 在5.6% O2 N2 气氛下, 气相中93%以上是以SO2形式逸出的, 在8.7% O2 N2 气氛下, SO2的比例又下降很多。这是由于8.7% O2 N2 气氛下, 更多的氧气参与了C—C键断裂的反应, 使脱去的硫转化到焦油中，从而也生成了大量的CO，使得在8.7% O2 N2气氛下CO/SO2比明显大于5.6% O2 N2气氛下的。     

Cu(I),Ag(I)/分子筛化学吸附脱硫的π-络合机理

应用DFT研究了一系列含硫的杂环化合物(噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩)以及苯分子在Cu(I)-Y、Ag(I)-Y分子筛上的化学吸附.计算采用16T分子筛簇模型(H22Si15AlO22),对过渡金属采用了赝势基组,在BLYP/DNP水平上完成.相互作用能的结果表明,阳离子交换的分子筛对含硫杂环芳香族化合物吸附能力的顺序为Cu(I)-Y>Ag(I)-Y.两种吸附剂对噻吩类分子的吸附能力大于苯分子.噻吩衍生物的吸附能顺序依次为,4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩<二苯并噻吩<噻吩<苯并噻吩,与实验结果相近.通过自然键轨道计算,研究了分子筛上担载的Cu(I)、Ag(I)金属离子与噻吩和苯分子之间的π-络合作用,分析比较了自然键电子给体-受体之间的二阶微扰稳定化能,并探索其络合机理.     

Cu(I), Ag(I)/分子筛化学吸附脱硫的π-络合机理

应用DFT 研究了一系列含硫的杂环化合物(噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4, 6-二甲基二苯并噻吩)以及苯分子在Cu(I)-Y、Ag(I)-Y 分子筛上的化学吸附. 计算采用16T 分子筛簇模型(H22Si15AlO22), 对过渡金属采用了赝势基组, 在BLYP/DNP水平上完成. 相互作用能的结果表明, 阳离子交换的分子筛对含硫杂环芳香族化合物吸附能力的顺序为Cu(I)-Y >Ag(I)-Y. 两种吸附剂对噻吩类分子的吸附能力大于苯分子. 噻吩衍生物的吸附能顺序依次为, 4, 6-二甲基二苯并噻吩<二苯并噻吩约噻吩<苯并噻吩, 与实验结果相近. 通过自然键轨道计算,研究了分子筛上担载的Cu(I)、Ag(I)金属离子与噻吩和苯分子之间的π-络合作用, 分析比较了自然键电子给体-受体之间的二阶微扰稳定化能, 并探索其络合机理.     

程序升温还原法研究氧化对煤中硫形态及结构的影响

用程序升温还原法研究了三种不同硫含量的煤被空气和HNO3氧化后含硫气体的逸出规律。结果表明，空气和HNO3氧化后，尽管煤中有机硫总量变化不大，但煤中H2S的释放量有所下降，而COS和SO2的生成量明显增加，这说明氧化作用使得煤中弱的有机硫变成S=O和SO2结构。与以往的研究结果不同的是，发现CS2的生成与FeS密切相关，同时对HNO3氧化后的煤来说，CS2的生成主要以气相中H2S和COS的反应为主。空气氧化后煤中CS2的生成量与原煤的差不多，但HNO3氧化后煤中释放出的CS2有所下降。提出通过（COS+SO2）/H2S的比值来研究煤及其中硫被氧化的程度，并对比了不同煤种及氧化后样品的气相含硫化合物发现：随变质程度的提高和煤中噻吩硫含量的增加，煤被氧化的程度下降。对同一煤种而言，HNO3的氧化程度要高于空气氧化的。     

恶臭气体中含硫组分的气相色谱快速检测系统研究

根据恶臭气体中含硫物质的特性,选用Silica Bond Plot色谱柱作为分离系统,设计了自动进样模块与色谱快速加热模块,选择灵敏度高与通用性好的光离子化气体传感器作为气体检测器,组建了GC-PID快速在线检测系统。选择了恶臭气体中的H2S,CS2,甲硫醇,甲硫醚,乙硫醇,乙硫醚和二甲基二硫醚等7种含硫化合物的混合气体进行分离检测。结果表明,检测周期小于12 min,最佳分离温度为90℃~150℃,载气流量控制为2.5 m L/min。     

TS-1/过氧化氢催化体系中有机硫化物的选择氧化

 研究了TS-1/过氧化氢催化体系中几种典型有机硫化物的选择氧化脱除. 结果表明,噻吩和2-甲基噻吩仅在水或叔丁醇溶剂中才能被有效氧化脱除,且两者的反应历程不同. 噻吩分子中的硫原子先被氧化,2-甲基噻吩分子中的噻吩环先被氧化. 当过氧化氢与硫化物摩尔比为4时,噻吩和2-甲基噻吩均可被氧化为硫酸. 采用甲醇、乙腈和水作溶剂时,甲基硫醚和丁基硫醇均可被选择氧化脱除. 由于存在空间位阻,苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩及4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩在TS-1/过氧化氢体系中均不能被有效脱除.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱法研究聚苯硫醚热分解

采用裂解气相色谱一质谱法研究了在350～750℃之间聚苯硫醚（PPS）的裂解行为。350℃时裂解，仅检测到4种裂解产物。随裂解温度上升，裂解产物急剧增加。在750℃时，检测到25种裂解产物，主要特征裂解产物为硫化氢、苯、苯硫醇、1，4-苯二硫醇、二苯硫、二苯并噻吩、1，4-苯二硫醇基苯、噻茚等。聚苯硫醚裂解过程中，发生链剪切作用，由聚合物链断裂成苯硫醇单体、二聚体和三聚体等化合物。裂解过程还会发生重排，环化，次级反应等形成了各种裂解产物。     

哈萨克斯坦及俄罗斯渣油馏分中的硫化物裂解色谱分析

采用裂解气相色谱接脉冲火焰光度检测器（PY-GC-PFPD）,研究了哈萨克斯坦原油及俄罗斯减压原油渣油及其馏分的裂解硫化物的组成分布。依据渣油高温裂解硫化物的主要类型：H2S、噻吩类、苯并噻吩类及二苯并噻吩类,选择噻吩、苯并噻吩（BT）和二苯并噻吩（DBT）模型化合物,考察裂解温度400℃-1000℃及时间5 s-10 s的反应产物及转化率,以证明渣油裂解硫化物基本可反映其在渣油中的结构。采用超临界流体萃取分馏,将俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦渣油分别分割成18和19个窄馏分,在裂解温度1000℃及10 s条件下,获得了两种渣油及其馏分中H2S、噻吩、BT和DBT的含量分布,推断了渣油中硫化物噻吩类和硫醚类分布规律。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.