Oberflächenzusammensetzung,Löslichkeit und Ionenaktivitätsprodukt von Calcit in fremdionenhaltigen Lösungen

Surface Composition, Solubility, and the Ion Activity Product of Calcite in Solutions with Auxiliary Ions Using the method of simultaneous ion and isotope exchange the chemical composition of the surface layer of calcite powder in equilibrium with solutions of varying Me/Ca molar ratios is determined (Me = Mg²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Fe²⁺ ions). The ion exchange isotherms show a marked bend in the surface reactivity when a surface molar ration of ～1 and ～3 is reached. The solubility of calcite initially decreases on the addition of Co²⁺ or Ni²⁺ ions to the solution whereas it increases in the presence of Mg²⁺ or Fe²⁺ ions. The activity product of the pseudo compound, Ca_xMe_(1–x)CO₃, decreases in the Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ or Fe²⁺ exchange experiments, however, it increases considerably in those with Mg²⁺ ions.     

Polarographische Untersuchungen der lonen von Kupfer,Silber und Quecksilber in Lösungsmitteln unterschiedlicher Donizität

The polarographic behaviour of the perchlorates of Cu(II), Ag(I), Hg(II) has been studied at the dropping mercury electrode and at the rotating platinum electrode in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, propandiol-1, 2-carbonate, aceto-nitrile, benzonitrile and nitrobenzene. The half-wave potentials in 0,1 M solutions of tetra-ethylammoniumperchlorate at 25°C, referred to the bisbiphenylchromium(I)-scale, and the mechanism of the electrode reactions are reported. The half-wave potentials are found related to the donicity of the respective solvents, unless specific cation-solvent interactions take place.     

Zusammensetzung und Stabilität von Komplexen des Kupfer(II)-Ions mit DL-Threonin in Lösung

The equilibria in Cu(II) ion and DL-threonine (ThrH₂) solutions have been studied. It was found that in the pH interval from 2 to 13.5 the following compounds can exist: CuThrH⁺, Cu(ThrH), Cu(Thr)(ThrH)^? and Cu(Thr). The stoichiometric instability constants of the first two compounds were determined by the spectrophotometric method and by a combination of spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods. In addition, it was established in the same way that the Cu(ThrH) complex behaves like a weak dibasic acid, whose ionisation constants were determined too. Finally, the absorptionspectra of the above complex compounds are given.     

Bildung und Verhalten von Chlorozinksäuren in äthanolischer Lösung

Formation and Behaviour of Chlorozinc Acids in Ethanolic Solution The reaction between ZnCl₂ and HCl in ethanol leads to H₂ZnCl₄ only. The behaviour of H₂ZnCl₄ · 3 (C₂H₅)₂O, (NH₄)₂[ZnCl₄] and HCl in ethanolic solutions has been investigated by means of conductivity measurements at ?10 and ?20°C. The equivalent conductivities have been determined. The Stokes radii of [ZnCl₄]^2?, H⁺, and [(C₂H₅)₂OH]⁺ are calculated.     

Favorskii-Reaktion von enolisierbaren Cyclobutanonen: Abhängigkeit der Stereoselektivität von der Abgangsgruppe,der Temperatur und dem Lösungsmittel

Dependence of the Stereoselectivity on the Leaving Group, the Temperature and the Solvent in the Favorskii-Reaction of Enolisable Cyclobutanones The base-induced contraction of enolisable 2-halocyclobutanones is often not stereoselectiv. The cis/trans-isomer ratio in the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 9 derived from 2,4-cis-substituted cyclobutanones 7 depends on the nature of the leaving group. In addition, the choice of the base, the temperature and the solvent can profoundly affect the stereoselectivity of the Favorskii-reaction. The use of the p-bromophenylsulphonyloxy group as leaving group and an inhomogenous reaction medium leads exclusively to cis-carboxylic acid 9 .     

Dichten und scheinbare Molvolumina wäßriger Lösungen von Calciumnitrat und Calciumchlorid

Densities and Apparent Molal Volumes of Ca(NO₃)₂? CaCl₂ Aqueous Solutions Densities and apparent molal volumes of Ca(NO₃)₂? CaCl₂ aqueous solutions were determined as a function of temperature and concentration. The dependence of apparent molal volumes on the anion composition is discussed.     

Bildung und Fällung von Bromocadmaten in Essigsäure als Lösungsmittel

Cadmium bromide reacts in anhydrous acetic acid solutions with acetyl bromide to form bromocadmates which can be precipitated as ammonium salts. By conductometric control and X-ray diffraction the phases (NH₄)(CdBr₃), (NH₄)₂ (CdBr₄) and (NH₄)₄(CdBr₆) have been found which decompose on heating as ordinary double salts to ammonium bromide and cadmium bromide.     

Zum Anionenaufbau von Tetra-n-butylammoniumsilicaten und ihren wäßrigen Lösungen

On the Anion Constitutions of Tetrabutylammonium Silicates and their Aqueous Solutions The anion distribution of tetra-n-butylammonium-(TBA)-silicate solutions with molar TBA/SiO₂ ratios between 0.6 and 4 and silica concentrations between 0.1 M and 2.2 M has been investigated by trimethylsilylation and ²⁹Si NMR techniques. In contrast to concentrated tetramethylammonium- and tetraethylammonium silicate solutions in TBA silicate solutions a preference of double ring silicate anions does not occur. In TBA silicate solutions a broad distribution of silicate anions consisting of monomeric, oligomeric chain and ring, as well as polymeric silicate anions has been observed. Crystalline TBA silicates with TBA/SiO₂ ratios of 0.78 to 1 contain mainly double five-ring silicate anions Si₁₀O₂₅^10? whereas for TBA/SiO₂ ratios higher than 1.4 the double three-ring anion Si₆O₁₅^6? predominates. A recently prepared TBA silicate with low TBA content (TBA/SiO₂ = 0.23) has been found to consist of double four-ring silicate anions with 6 SiOH groups per double four-ring.