凝视热成像系统的三角方向鉴别阈值曲线预测

为有效评价凝视成像系统的性能,依据凝视红外成像系统对红外辐射信号的转换机理,建立了凝视红外成像系统信号响应模型;利用线性系统理论和采样理论对成像系统的传递甬数进行了分析建模;借助于三维噪声模型表征了系统的噪声特性。以成像系统建模为基础,模拟生成不同尺寸、不同辐射温差的等边三角形方位靶标图像;针对不同刺激强度的三角形靶标仿真图像,统计观察者对靶标方向正确鉴别的概率,引入视觉心理测量函数——韦布尔（Weihull）函数拟合观察者鉴别概率数据,实现了三角方向鉴别阈值（TOD）曲线的预测。与实际测量结果进行比较,显示了此方法预测三角方向鉴别阈值曲线的合理性。     

扫描型红外成像系统仿真及TOD曲线预测方法研究

针对实际三角形方向鉴别（TOD）阈值温差测试的数据量大、时间长,以及测试结果常具有不稳定和不确定性等问题,提出一种扫描型红外成像系统效应仿真。建立了红外成像系统性能预测仿真平台,并对靶标效应图进行人眼判定。根据人眼判定结果对神经网络进行了训练。由基于BP神经网络的TOD阈值温差预测方法判定仿真样条的方向,统计正确的判定概率,实现TOD曲线的预测。实验结果表明：该方法预测的TOD曲线与实际测量的TOD曲线具有很好的一致性。     

人眼对比度敏感视觉特性及模型研究

人眼视觉系统特性是图像显示、处理、理解等技术的重要依据,通过实验测试和理论分析研究人眼的视觉特性,使人眼视觉特性模型化,对促进光电成像技术的发展和应用具有重要的作用。结合前人拟合人眼对比度敏感函数和理论提取其数学模型的经验,对用CRT显示器显示目标光栅,在暗室环境下测量三种平均亮度的人眼对比度敏感数据采用线性调制作用下的指数形式的方法进行了拟合,并从理论上得出了一种新的CSF数学模型。通过与国外拟合结果的对比,表明此模型是一种更好的人眼对比对敏感视觉特性模型。     

基于物体表面色的人眼阈值水平微小色差评价

基于物体表面色样本的视觉评价,测试常用色差公式在人眼阈值水平的微小色差预测性能.由一组21名观察者采用感知法对100个颜色样本对进行视觉实验,获得视觉色差的评价数据,通过观察者精度分析并与BFD和Witt的视觉数据进行对比,验证了本实验数据的有效性.利用实验数据对CIELAB、CMC、BFD、CIE94、LCD和CIEDE2000等六个常用色差公式在人眼阈值水平的微小色差预测性能进行了详细的测试和比较,结果表明国际照明委员会(CIE)推荐的CIEDE2000表现最好,而CIELAB性能最差.     

等离子体显示大面积闪烁的客观评价

针对等离子体显示普遍存在的大面积闪烁现象,提出了一种基于时变光信号亮度测量系统的大面积闪烁客观评价方法。时变光信号亮度测量系统利用光电管和亮度计,实现了对显示屏输出光信号亮度值随时间变化的快速、准确记录。基于阴极射线管显示临界闪烁频率估算模型,通过主观视觉感知实验,利用测量系统得到亮度随时间的变化关系,建立了平均感知闪烁程度估算模型。估算模型输出结果与视觉感知实验数据相关系数达到0.98。该测量系统与估算模型实现了对等离子体显示大面积闪烁的客观度量,并与主观视觉感知实验结果相吻合,是等离子体显示屏优化设计和显示行业标准建立的有效工具。     

基于信息量的眼镜镜片光学性能评价北大核心CSCD

针对眼镜镜片成像性能评价,根据信息论的概念,对物面与像面图像进行小波变换分解得到多个不同子频带图像,计算分解之后的各个子频带的区域互信息值(RMI)。依据人眼视觉系统对不同频率光学信号敏感度不同的特点,采用小波滤波器和人眼模型的MTF的空间频段积分比反映人眼对不同频率信号的敏感程度,以该积分比作为各频带RMI的权重系数,加权计算得到MRMI值。选取了目前市场上六款不同阿贝数和折射率的镜片进行测量实验,得到每款镜片的成像MRMI值,其定量反映了镜片的成像性能,与人眼视觉主观感知相符。     

基于色差的均方误差与峰值信噪比评价彩色图像质量研究

在图像质量评价模型中加入人眼视觉系统特性能够提高其评价性能．彩色图像色差模型S—CIELAB是在考虑到了人眼视觉系统的空间模糊特性基础上得到两幅图像的色差，该文在S—CIELAB色差模型的基础上，提出了色差均方误差（CD-MSE）和色差峰值信噪比（CD—PSNR）彩色图像质量客观评价参量．对JEPG2000、加白噪音和图像传输中产生位错的三类失真共180幅彩色图像进行了CD-PSNR参量计算，并与国际上已经给出的主观评价结果进行了比较．实验结果表明其客观评价结果与平均主观评价分数具有较好的一致性．     

不同环境光下液晶显示器人眼辨色阈值的研究

为了研究在不同环境光下人眼辨色水平上的颜色视觉特性,通过在液晶显示器上显示颜色刺激,使用心理物理学中的恒常刺激法进行主观实验,获取了CIE1976a*-b*平面上3名标准观察者在暗室、A光源和D50三种环境光下的5个基本颜色中心的主观实验数据。采用性能因子PF/3评价标准观察者的测试重复性和准确性,根据主观实验拟合得到色度椭圆来表示辨色阈值实验的结果。实验结果表明:CIE1976a*-b*平面是视觉非均匀的;在整体上,人眼的辨色灵敏度随着外界光源色温的变大而变小;人眼在三种环境光下的5个颜色中心区域,红绿方向的视觉色差尺度均小于黄蓝方向。实验结果可以为均匀颜色空间和色差公式的改进提供原始数据。     

人眼亮度和色度对比敏感视觉特性的#br# 测量及其模型研究

为了探讨人眼对比度敏感视觉特性,利用显示器显示11种空间频率、平均亮度为10、60和90 cd/m2的目标光栅,设计实验测量了120名青年的人眼亮度和色度对比敏感度数据,并采用最小二乘法对测量数据进行了分析和拟合,提出了一种多项式调制下的指数形式的人眼亮度和色度对比敏感视觉特性的数学模型,且与国内外典型的模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:随着空间频率f的增加,人眼对比敏感度先增加后减小,当f在3 cpd～4 cpd(周/度)时,人眼最为敏感,其与目前典型的视觉模型基本一致。表明提出的测量方法是有效的、可行的,提出的视觉模型具有一定的科学性;且该测量方法操作简单,视觉模型计算复杂度低,在实际应用中优于典型的测量方法和视觉模型,具有一定的参考价值。     

头盔显示器视差自动测量中眼位点的自动对准

自动测量头盔显示器的视差时，用CCD相机取代人眼的主观读取，由于机器视觉不如人眼灵活，CCD相机在人眼观察点才能确保移动时采集的图像是完整的，从而保证全视场的视差测量。该文提出采用模式搜索法在头盔显示器光学平面内实现CCD相机自动对准人眼观察点(眼位点)，从而实现头盔显示器全视场视差的自动测量。对该自动测量系统的测量原理，以及CCD相机自动对准眼位点的实现过程进行了详细论述与说明，对测量精度与效率，对准精度与重复定位精度进行了实验分析。实验结果表明，该方法能够快速、准确、自动地对准眼位点，定位精度为±0.071°，与摆头法测量视差系统进行对比实验，全视场视差测量效率高，重复精度高。     

Field Performance Prediction Method Based On Contrast Metric Of Target Sub Regions

The field performance prediction of infrared imaging system is an important subject in infrared imaging field. In this paper, a novel method for predicting TA (target acquisition) performance is proposed, which combines the TOD (triangle orientation discrimination) threshold curve with an improved contrast metric based on the temperature in target sub regions. Specifically, the target is first subdivided into some sub regions with different target/background differential temperatures according to its thermal structure distribution. The number of equivalent triangle patterns across each sub region is calculated utilizing its effective size, the apparent temperature difference line, and the TOD curve. Further, the total number of equivalent triangle patterns over the integral target is achieved. Combining the TOD criteria, the target acquisition ranges for different discrimination (detection, recognition, and identification) levels are obtained by solving a set of equations. Comparisons with the preliminary experimental results show that this new TA approach can provide reasonable prediction of field performance. Foundation Item: The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 60477038).     

Uncertainty Analysis in Triangle Orientation Discrimination Threshold Measurement

The Triangle Orientation Discrimination Threshold (TOD) is a new figure of merit for characterizing the performance of an infrared imager. In this paper, focusing on a reflective infrared target projector, the TOD curve is measured utilizing four alternative forced choice (4AFC) test method. Furthermore, the dominant sources affecting uncertainties in the TOD measure values, are analyzed in detail, the effective temperature difference, sensor, and observer. And, the variation of the TOD measurement is described quantitatively utilizing the uncertainty analysis theory. Simulation results show that the TOD measurement values vary in a small range, which show a higher stability than minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) measure values. Project supported by National natural foundation of China (No: 60477038).     

TOD Performance Theoretical Model for Staring Thermal Imagers

The TOD (triangle orientation discrimination threshold) metric, as a promising sensor performance measure, is suitable for all types of thermal imaging systems and corresponds to the field performance very well. Since this method was proposed, a great progress has been made in some aspects, such as experimental validation, field performance, and TOD sensor performance model. However, what is still missing is a TOD curve prediction model similar to MRTD (minimum resolvable temperature difference) equation. Here, an equation-based TOD performance model was first developed focusing on staring thermal imagers. Specifically, spatial distribution of the triangle standard test pattern is described quantitatively. Resolution transfer characteristic of the staring infrared imagers is modeled with linear system theory, and system noise is characterized with the introduction of three-dimensional noise model. The modulation effect of overall subsystem of staring thermal imager on the non-periodic triangle standard pattern is analyzed. The matched filter idea is adopted to characterize quantitatively the spatial integration of the eye to signal and various noise components over the triangle pattern area, and the perceived signal-to-noise ratio of the staring thermal imager is derived. Then, the TOD performance theoretical model is established. Comparing with experimental results, this theoretical model gives reasonable prediction of the TOD performance curve of staring thermal imagers. Although more tests and modifications are required, these preliminary results suggest that this model can be developed into a model that predicts the TOD for all kinds of sensors.     

Mutual Information and Quantum Discord in Quantum State Discrimination with a Fixed Rate of Inconclusive Outcomes

We studied the mutual information and quantum discord that Alice and Bob share when Bob implements a discrimination with a fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes (FRIO) onto two pure non-orthogonal quantum states, generated with arbitrary a priori probabilities. FRIO discrimination interpolates between minimum error (ME) and unambiguous state discrimination (UD). ME and UD are well known discrimination protocols with several applications in quantum information theory. FRIO discrimination provides a more general framework where the discrimination process together with its applications can be studied. In this setting, we compared the performance of optimum probability of discrimination, mutual information, and quantum discord. We found that the accessible information is obtained when Bob implements the ME strategy. The most (least) efficient discrimination scheme is ME (UD), from the point of view of correlations that are lost in the initial state and remain in the final state, after Bob’s measurement.     

Exact travelling wave solutions for （1＋ 1）-dimensional dispersive long wave equation

A complete discrimination system for the fourth order polynomial is given. As an application, we have reduced a （1＋1）-dimensional dispersive long wave equation with general coefficients to an elementary integral form and obtained its all possible exact travelling wave solutions including rational function type solutions, solitary wave solutions, triangle function type periodic solutions and Jacobian elliptic functions double periodic solutions. This method can be also applied to many other similar problems.     

激光共振电离过程中铅同位素歧视效应研究

以速率方程为基础,通过数值模拟方法,对Pb的激光共振电离通道：“6s26p2 3P0—6s26p7s 3P0₁—电离”的激光诱导同位素歧视效应进行了研究,以探讨减小激光诱导歧视效应,准确测定Pb同位素比值的有效途径。通过考虑激光线型、原子吸收谱线线型、同位素位移及同位素超精细结构等因素的影响,对速率方程进行近似。在近似的速率方程基础上,以“1+1”激光共振电离过程为例,进而探讨激光峰值功率密度、带宽和中心波长对Pb的同位素歧视效应的影响。研究结果表明,利用最佳波长法,可基本消除同位素歧视效应的影响;提高激发光光强可使Pb同位素饱和电离,从而消除同位素歧视效应的影响;采用宽带激光激发,可减小同位素歧视效应的影响。     

基于菲佐干涉仪与多通道光电倍增管阵列的多普勒频移检测技术

提出了基于菲佐干涉仪和多通道光电倍增管(PMT)阵列探测器组合的多普勒频移检测的方案,适用于风速测量的直接探测多普勒激光雷达。首先介绍了工作原理,再根据菲佐干涉仪光谱特征对频移检测用干涉仪进行了优化设计,优化设计的菲佐干涉仪腔长150mm、平板反射率0．755。对提出的菲佐干涉仪和多通道光电倍增管阵列探测器组合的方案进行了数值模拟,以分子散射作为背景噪声,计算了该方法的风速测量误差。模拟结果表明,设计的基于菲佐干涉仪的直接探测多普勒测风激光雷达,在30 s的积分时间内、探测高度5 km以下,风速测量误差可以达到0．56 m/s。     

基于成像光谱技术的作物杂草识别研究

杂草识别是变量喷雾和物理方法精确除草的前提。利用自主设计的地面成像光谱系统在自然环境下获取了胡萝卜幼苗以及马齿苋、牛筋草和地锦等杂草在380～760 nm波长区间的高光谱数据,通过对数据归一化消除光照条件的影响之后,运用逐步法进行波段选择,采用Fisher线性判别方法对杂草与胡萝卜幼苗进行了识别。结果表明,当把每种杂草都作为一类加以精细区分时,运用选择的8个波段建立模型对杂草和胡萝卜幼苗的识别率达85%左右;当把杂草整体作为一类与胡萝卜幼苗进行区分时,运用选择的7个波段识别率高于91%。同时为了设计低成本的杂草识别系统,通过穷举法选择最优的2和3波段组合,其中最优3波段组合对杂草胡萝卜幼苗的识别能力与逐步法选择的5个波段相当,整体识别率达89%。此外发现,红边波段对杂草有着显著的识别能力。