混合发光层有机电致发光器件中的多重成分发射

以等摩尔空穴传输材料TPD和电子传输材料PBD组成结构为ITO/TPD/TPD∶PBD/PBD/Al的混合物发光层有机电致发光(EL)器件,观察到了相对于组成材料的荧光光谱红移的宽发射带。通过比较EL光谱,光致发光光谱及EL光谱分解,表明电致发光中同时包含单体发射、激基复合物和电荷对复合物的发射。激基复合物为TPD的激发态TPD*与PBD的基态相互作用形成TPD*PBD类型的复合物,电荷对复合物是带电荷的空穴传输分子(D+)的空穴和电子传输分子(A-)的电子交叉复合而形成的(D+-A-)*复合物。各激发态在电场作用下呈现不同的形成机理和复合过程,并且单体发射和激发态复合物的比例随电场而变化,导致发射光谱随电场增强而蓝移。该器件的最高亮度和最大外部量子效率分别为240 cd·(cm2)-1和0.49%。有机固态界面激基复合物或电荷对复合物的发射常出现宽的红移发射带,是调节发光颜色的有效手段。     

有机激基复合物电致发光器件

报导了有机电致发光（ＯＥＬ）器件中激基复合物（ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ）的发光现象．利用简单的结构，获得了ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ型的白色电致发光．结果表明ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ的形成为ＯＥＬ器件获得多色发射提供了一种新途径．     

有机电致发光器件中界面激基复合物的形成

在ITO／TPD／PBD／Al双层器件中，电致发光光谱相对于TPD和PBD的荧光光谱有明显的红移。根据对TPD、PBD和TPD：PBD等量混蒸膜的PL激发光谱及电致发光光谱的研究，认为在TPD和PBD的界面产生了激基复合物。另外，该器件发射光谱既有TPD的成分也有激基复合物的成分，并且随着电流的改变，两者的相对强度发生变化。在电流密度增大时，峰值波长向长波方向移动，器件发光颜色由白光变为黄绿光。根据器件能级关系，说明了相关的现象。     

基于激基复合物激发态的电致发光材料与器件研究进展

具有分子间电荷转移激发态特性的激基复合物(Exciplex)体系,由于前线分子轨道的分离特性——最高占有轨道(Highest occupied molecular orbital,HOMO)集中分布于给体分子上,最低空轨道(Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)集中分布于受体分子上,因此具有极小的单线态-三线态能级差(ΔE_st)以及热活化延迟荧光(Thermally activated delayed fluorescence,TADF)特性。因此,激基复合物体系的理论内量子效率可以达到100%。由于构建激基复合物体系的给体分子具有空穴传输特性,受体分子具有电子传输特性,因此,激基复合物体系具有平衡的载流子迁移特性,这使得激基复合物体系在作为发光层材料以及混合主体材料制备电致发光器件时具有平衡载流子迁移、扩大激子复合区域、提高器件效率以及降低效率滚降的优势。本文将讨论和总结基于激基复合物激发态体系的电致发光材料与器件基本原理、设计思路以及近期的研究进展。     

白色有机电致发光器件中多组份电致激基复合物形成及抑制

从荧光-磷光复合结构的有机电致发光器件的研究入手,采用OXD-7作为蓝色荧光发光层,Ir(MDQ)2acac掺杂在母体材料作为红橙磷光发光层,设计制备了双波段白光有机电致发光器件。研究中发现,OXD-7,Alq3和NPB的三组分协同作用可以导致电致激基复合物的产生,以及由此导致的光谱红移,并使得器件发光效率降低。通过插入TDAF中间层可以有效地抑制激基复合物的产生,同时,通过控制载流子传输的平衡,以及磷光材料的掺杂浓度,可以获得器件发光亮度、效率的提升。     

稀土配合物红色有机电致发光器件的研究

以TTA为配体合成了新的共掺杂稀土配合物Tb0.5Eu0.5(TTA)3Dipy,通过与PVK的掺杂,制备了以PVK:Tb0.5Eu0.5(TTA)3 Dipy为发光层的结构为:ITO/PVK:Tb0.5Eu0.5(TTA)3Dipy/BCP/Al的发光器件,在直流电压的驱动下,发现了铕在612 nm处的特征发射,和PVK在410 nm处的发光.此外,还观察到了位于490 nm处的新的发光峰,通过分析研究,认为新的发光来自于稀土配合物的配体和BCP之间相互作用形成的电致激基复合物.用PBD代替了BCP作为电子传输层,制备了结构为:ITO/PVK:Tb0.5Eu0.5(TTA)3DiPy/PBD/Al的发光器件,得到了纯的红色发光.     

基于PVK∶NPB掺杂体系的有机电致发光器件的性能

利用溶液旋涂的方法,通过改变复合功能层中poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK)和N,N′-bis-(1-naph-thyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine(NPB)的质量比,制备结构为indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/PVK:NPB/2,9-dimenthyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCP)/Mg:Ag的有机电致发光器件,并对器件的电致发光特性进行了表征。研究结果表明,当复合功能层中PVK和NPB的质量比为1:1时器件性能最好,在该器件的电致光谱中,除了NPB的本征谱峰外,在长波方向还出现了一个位于640nm处的谱峰,这是PVK和NPB产生的电致激基复合物发光,并且随着驱动电压的增加,电致激基复合物的发光强度也相对增强。     

电子传输层PBD对Alq3：DCJTB电致发光器件的影响

以PBD为电子传输层制作了一组掺杂型有机电致发光器件,并研究了掺杂器件中PBD对器件的光谱、亮度等的影响。发现PBD与NPB和DCJTB分别掺杂的器件的光谱与其它的器件不同,然后运用了载流子的注入、传输及PBD的传输特性等方法对光谱做出了合理的解释,并运用高斯截谱的方法分析了各个发光峰的产生原因。     

Exciplex formation and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes

We investigated the formation of exciplex and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes(UV OLEDs) using different heterojunction structures.It is found that an energy barrier of over 0.3 eV between the emissive layer(EML) and adjacent transport layer facilitates exciplex formation.The electron blocking layer effectively confines electrons in the EML,which contributes to pure UV emission and enhances efficiency.The change in EML thickness generates tunable UV emission from 376 nm to 406 nm.In addition,the UV emission excites low-energy organic function layers and produces photoluminescent emission.In UV OLED,avoiding the exciplex formation and averting light absorption can effectively improve the purity and efficiency.A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.2%with a UV emission peak of 376 nm is realized.     

Organic single-quantum-well electroluminescent device

A new kind of single-quantum-well electroluminescent (EL) device consists of a hole transport N,N-Bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N-diphenylbenzidine(TPD) layer, and electron transport 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum(Alq) layer and a light emitting layer of Alq doped with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) has been fabricated by the multisource-type high-vaccum organic molecular deposition. The dopant rubrene is as a potential well, and the undoped Alq layer is as a barrier layer. The EL spectra shows the spectral narrowing and the emission peak energy blue-shift, and the efficiency and luminance of the device have been significantly improved. The experimental phenomena is explained as the result of recombination of carriers from the quantized energy state.     

White organic light-emitting diodes based on electroplex from polyvinyl carbazole and carbazole oligomers blends

White organic light-emitting diodes with a blue emitting material fluorene-centred ethylene-liked carbazole oligomer (Cz6F) doped into polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) as the single light-emitting layer are reported. The optical properties of Cz6F, PVK, and PVK:Cz6F blends are studied. Single and double layer devices are fabricated by using PVK: Cz6F blends, and the device with the configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/PVK:Cz6F/ tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate)aluminium (Alq₃)/LiF/Al exhibits white light emission with Commission Internationale de l'éclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.30, 0.33) and a brightness of 402~cd/m². The investigation reveals that the white light is composed of a blue--green emission originating from the excimer of Cz6F molecules and a red emission from an electroplex from the PVK:Cz6F blend films.     

TCTA在外电场下的双分子发光现象

制备了三苯胺化合物4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)的单层器件ITO/MoO₃/TCTA/LiF/Al和TCTA/TPBi双层异质结器件ITO/NPB/TCTA/TPBi/Bphen/LiF/Al,研究了TCTA的双分子发光现象。通过测试器件的光电性能和薄膜的稳态光谱,得出以下结论:(1)单层器件的电致发光光谱有425 nm和600 nm两个发光峰。与TCTA薄膜的光致发光光谱对比,可知425 nm附近的蓝色发光峰来源于TCTA单体发光,而600 nm附近的橙色发光应为TCTA二聚体electromer的发光。蓝色和橙色发光混合,使单层器件发光颜色表现为白色,对应色坐标为(0.381,0.343)。(2)TCTA/TPBi双层异质结器件的电致发光光谱为440 nm的单峰,器件的最大发光亮度为930 cd/m²,发光性能明显优于单层器件。结合薄膜TCTA、TPBi和TCTA/TPBi的光致发光光谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱,可知双层器件的发光来自TCTA⁺TPBi^-电致激基复合物。双层器...     

基于一种新型有机金属配合物的量子阱结构有机电致白光器件的性能研究

利用一种新型有机金属配合物二(2-(4-三氟甲基-2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑锌(Zn(4-TfmBTZ)₂),基于NPB/Zn(4-TfmBTZ)₂界面电致激基复合物,制备了一系列异质结量子阱结构有机电致白光器件.结果表明,量子阱结构可以有效提高界面电致激基复合物的发光效率以及器件的显色指数和色度稳定性.得出器件ITO/NPB (60 nm)/Zn(4-TfmBTZ)₂(3.0 nm)/NPB (4.0 nm)/Zn(4-TfmBTZ)_{关键词： 二(2-(4-三氟甲基-2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑锌 电致激基复合物 量子阱 白光}     

High-brightness white light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices using poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as a hole-transporter

A white light-emitting organic electroluminescent (EL) device with multilayer thin-film structure, which shows high-brightness and high-efficiency, is demonstrated. The device structure of glass substrate/indium–tin oxide/poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene/8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum (Alq) doped with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene/Alq/Mg/Al was employed. The turn-on voltage is as low as 2.5 V. The white light emission covers a wide range of the visible region, and the Commission Internationale de 1' Eclairage coordinates of the emitted light are (0.319, 0.332) at 10 V. Bright white light, over 20 000 cd/m², was successfully obtained at about 18 V, and the maximum efficiency reaches to 1.24 lm/W at 9 V. The reasons of obtaining high level EL properties of our device have been discussed.     

An organic electroluminescent device made from a gadolinium complex

A gadolinium ternary complex, tris(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-isobutyryl-5-pyrazolone) (phenanthroline) gadolinium [Gd(PMIP)₃(Phen)] was synthesized and used as a light emitting material in the organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The triple layer device with a structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) (20 nm)/Gd(PMIP)₃(Phen) (80 nm)/2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (bathocuproine or BCP) (20 nm)/Mg: Ag(200 nm)/Ag(100 nm) exhibited green emission peaking at 535 nm. A maximum luminance of 230 cd/m² at 17 V and a peak power efficiency of 0.02 lm/w at 9 V were obtained.     

White organic electroluminescent device with photovoltaic performances

Organic device with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/1,3,5-tris-(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA)/2-tert-butyl-9,10-di-beta-naphthylanthracene (TBADN)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenan-throline (BCP)/LiF/Al, was fabricated, which show high efficient white electroluminescence (EL) or photovoltaic (PV) properties when it was driven by direct current (DC) bias or illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light. Under a DC bias, the device shows efficient white EL emission. A maximum luminous efficiency of 1.1 lm/W was obtained at 8 V, which corresponds the Commission International de L’Eclairage coordinates (CIE) of (x = 0.298, y = 0.365). When the bias was increased to 12 V, the device shows bright white emission with the maximum brightness of 4300 cd/m², corresponding CIE coordinates of (x = 0.262, y = 0.280). When the diode was irradiated by a 365 nm UV-light (4 mW/cm²), the open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.2 V, short-circuit (I_sc) of 0.065 mA/cm², fill factor (FF) of 0.24 and power conversion efficiency of 0.47% have been determined, respectively. The generation mechanisms of white light and PV of the bi-functional diode were discussed as well.     

Highly efficient and bright doped organic electroluminescent diodes using an aluminum electrode

Remarkable improvement in efficiency and electroluminescence (EL) has been observed in an organic EL device, which consists of a hole-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The hole-transport layer is an N,N-bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N-diphenylbenzidine film. The doped emitting layer consists of 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum as the host and rubrene as the emission dopant. The doped cell with aluminum cathode demonstrated a luminance in excess of 20,000 cd/m² and an external quantum efficiency of 2.7%, which is about four times and three times, respectively, greater than those of the undoped cell. The EL emission from the device shows spectral narrowing and a shift to higher energy.     

高场作用下有机双层器件的场致复合发光

以在高场作用下载流子对三角势垒的Fowler Nordheim隧穿理论为基础 ,建立了双层有机电致发光器件载流子的输运与复合发光模型。求出了稳态下电荷载流子的复合发光与电压和界面势垒的函数关系式 ,计算并讨论了所加电压和阳极区与阴极区厚度之比 (Lh/Le)对复合发光的影响。该理论模型很好地解释了电场对复合区域的调制作用。