平抛运动演示装置的设计

介绍了演示平抛运动装置的设计方案,通过减小小球的速度,直观地演示平抛运动的规律.     

平抛运动分解演示器的制作

平抛运动是水平运动与竖直自由落体运动的合成，为了演示直观、生动，让学生形成感性认识，笔者制作了平抛运动分解演示器，此仪器不但可以看到三个小球同步运动，而且通过小球在运动末端时触压开关，由三个电灯燃亮的时刻，来显示同时刻水平运动的小球与平抛球在水平方向上的位移相等，平抛球与竖落球在竖直方向上的位移相等，三个球同步运动，比以往的平抛竖落仪器更直观。     

一节物理多媒体课的思考

在一节物理多媒体公开课上，发生的一件事，让我陷入了沉思．这节课的课题是“平抛物体的运动”．当老师用多媒体动画演示两个小球从同一高度同时出发，一个做自由落体运动、一个做平抛运动，得到了一个结论——两个小球同时落地．这个现象在多媒体上很明显．但当老师问学生“看明白了吗？”有学生提出“我不明白，这个现象不可能，老师你的这个动画是自己制作的，我不相信”．     

平抛运动演示仪的创新与自制

现有的平抛运动演示仪存在实验现象不直观、操作繁琐耗时长、器材昂贵等缺点,因此,选择生活中常见的器材自制教具.巧妙地利用联动装置保证了小球同时运动,生动形象地演示平抛运动在水平和竖直方向的运动情况,同时利用磁性小球和磁性画板描绘其运动轨迹.能使学生直观明了地观察到做平抛运动的物体的运动轨迹,同时教具操作简单方便,经久耐用.     

平抛运动的演示实验设计

1设计思路 高中物理在讲平抛运动的特点和规律时,原有的实验仪器可视效果差,说服力不强,学生不易接受.比如,平抛运动是水平方向的匀速直线运动和竖直方向上的自由落体的合运动,这一点在原有实验中很难体现出来.为了解决这个问题,最好的办法就是从改进演示仪器入手,让学生通过实验亲自观察和分析来解决.怎样来体现平抛运动是水平方向的匀速直线运动和竖直方向上的自由落体的合运动?这是改进仪器的关键,经过多次尝试终于做成了一台<平抛运动演示仪>,如图1所示.这台仪器首次让一位青年教师在"石家庄市青年教师优秀课评比"中使用,受到了学生和评委的一致好评,该教师的课因而被评为市一等奖.     

光通信演示实验装置的设计与制作

利用廉价的激光笔 (半导体激光器 )和一些常见的器材 ,设计、制作了简单直观的光通信调制与解调装置 ,使学生对现代通信技术有所了解 .1　实验原理实验装置如图 1所示 ,激光器发出的激光束被一片垂直粘在扬声器振膜上的轻质挡光片挡住一半 ,当扬声器输入音频信号后 ,挡光片随扬声器振膜而作上下运动 ,运动的挡光片使这束激光截面面积不断变化 .由于光电池的输出电压在入射光强一定的情况下 ,与受光面积成正比 ,则光电池输出电压的变化也就反映了扬声器振膜的振动规律 ,将此电压进行功率放大后即可推动耳机或扬声器发出声音 .图 1　实验装置…     

平抛运动演示器的制作和过程媒体分析

1 引言 平抛运动是学生学习物理过程中第一个曲线运动，也是第一次应用“化曲为直”的思想来解决实际问题，如何利用一个好的实验来使学生认识到这种方法显得十分重要．     

向心力演示装置的设计与制作

基于定性探究实验的原理,设计并制作了一个定量的向心力演示装置,由电机带动钩码做匀速圆周运动,利用压力传感器测量压力的变化量代替拉力的测量思想,得到向心力的值,能用于探究影响匀速圆周运动向心力的因素,并帮助学生理解向心力的概念及效果.     

平抛运动实验装置的改进

许多老师和同学都对平抛运动实验装置进行过改进,不同程度地取得了一定的实验效果．下面给出一种改进方法,与其他改进相比,该改进简单易行,改进后的装置具有原理完善,操作简便,运动轨迹描绘准确的特点,极具推广价值．     

断路器控制信号电路仿真装置的设计与演示

根据二次回路实验装置的现状、存在的缺陷及发展趋势,研制了一套高压断路器控制及事故信号电路的仿真实验装置用于电气专业教学和实习.经过在相关实验课中应用,取得了较好的教学效果.     

电磁阻尼落体运动实验仪研究

设计了电磁阻尼落体实验仪,可以定量研究受电磁阻尼的落体运动过程,在不同的阻尼条件下验证速度和路程公式,并计算出阻尼系数.     

基于单片机和光电开关的通用计数器设计

At presrent, the photoelectric switch is more and more widely used in the industrial automation equipment.It can be finished counting industrial products by using the characteristic of the photoelectric switch which can detect the objects without touching them. This design uses the modular design method,including power-supply module, The photoelectric conversion module, optocoupler isolation circuit module, power off protection module, matrix keyboard module, counting module and The display module. It mainly uses 51 single-chip microcomputer to control the system,uses the keilC51 software to design program,uses the Proteus software to complete the simulation. Through the experiment, it proves the design is feasible.     

阻尼落体运动的分析力学研究

应用分析力学理论和方法,研究了两种情况下的阻尼落体运动:1)阻力大小与速度成正比;2)阻力大小与速度平方成正比.对两种运动分别给出了等效的Lagrange函数和Hamilton函数,并应用第一积分法、点变换法、正则变换法和Ham-ilton-Jacobi方程法等不同的求解方法进行了求解.     

对小孔泄漏振荡演示实验的研究

对小孔泄漏演示实验给出了物理解释,分析了引起小孔泄漏振荡的原因：液体系统由于浓度差产生的自由能的降低是不同浓度液体之间相互渗透的动力,由于液体黏性的存在使得液体通过小孔的渗流只能单向发生,以及在小孔附近两侧的压力差控制着渗流的流向．     

基于VPython的天体轨道运动模拟与可视化

运动、力、动量、能量是大学物理教学最基本且重要的内容.在牛顿力学中,如果已知初始条件,对于有序系统可以预测其未来的运动状态,牛顿力学在天文学上的处理是最成功的.本文基于万有引力定律和动量定理,借助计算机软件VPython模拟天体的运动过程,例如卫星、月球绕地球的运动,火星绕太阳的运动,卫星绕双星系统的运动,直观地显示了天体运动轨迹,使天体运动过程实现了可视化.教学实践表明基于VPython的天体轨道运动模拟与可视化,可以使学生更好地理解并灵活运用牛顿运动定律和动量定理,是对经典物理教学内容的有益补充.     

Spin-Spin Interactions in Gauge Theory of Gravity, Violation of Weak Equivalence Principle and New Classical Test of General Relativity

For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.     

The English Galileo: Thomas Harriot and the Force of Shared Knowledge in Early Modern Mechanics

I discuss the work of the English mathematician and philosopher Thomas Harriot (1560–1621), analyzing especially his work on projectile motion, and comparing it to that of his contemporary Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). I argue that although their work on projectile motion was carried out independently and displays both similarities and differences, it shows that they focused on common challenging objects of study that embodied what I term “points of contact” between preclassical and classical mechanics. I also argue that their shared knowledge defined the space of possible solutions to the problem of projectile motion, although the inferential pathways they followed through their shared knowledge proceeded in exactly opposite directions. I conclude that their work suggests that the lines of development in early modern mechanics converged in such a way that the long-term development of science was largely unaffected by the peculiarities in an individual scientist’s work.     

“带电粒子在电场和磁场中的运动”课程思政设计

大学物理课程应注重科学伦理和科学思维方法的教育,培养学生的不畏艰险、勇攀科学高峰、追求真理的精神.课程思政建设要有机融入课堂教学,需要把思政元素融入教材编审、教案课件、教学大纲、课程目标设计各个方面,贯穿于课程授课、学生课堂讨论、作业和考试等各环节.以"带电粒子在电场和磁场中的运动"课思政设计为例,把课程思政融入知识传授,使物理课程成为立德树人的重要阵地.     

折射混合望远物镜的设计、制作及实验

介绍了用以取代传统双胶合望远镜的混合单透镜的设计方法,结合设计实例详细介绍了折衍混合单透镜的制作过程及实验结果,并对实际成像效果进行了分析。首次给出了反映折衍混合系统成像性能的图片,它们对混合光学系统及其应用的研究具有重要的参考价值和指导意义     

Effect of glutaphen on generation of active oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport, and the functional activity of photosystem 2 in Chlorella cells

Treatment of chlorella green algae (Chlorella sp.) for 2 h in the dark with the photodynamic herbicide glutaphen (GTP), consisting of 0.3 mM 1,10-phenanthroline and 0.6 mM glutamic acid, followed by illumination leads to efficient generation of active oxygen species (AOS). After 15 min of illumination, AOS accumulation reaches 200% compared with the level in cells of the control culture, then it decreases down to 130% and 115% after 1 day and 3 days of illumination. During the first few days after treatment, we observe inhibition of synthesis of a specific precursor of chlorophyll (Chl): 5-aminolevulinic acid molecules, and then we observe stimulation of the synthesis. The effect of GTP on the photosynthetic activity of chlorella does not depend on the AOS level but rather remains uniform, in contrast to its effect on the Chl biosynthesis system. GTP does not change the efficiency of light harvesting and charge separation at the reaction centers of photosystem (PS) 2, but significantly lowers the functional efficiency of the electron transport chain: the photochemical quenching constants for Chl a fluorescence and the effective quantum yield of photochemical reactions in photosystem 2 decrease. The major mechanism of action for GTP is probably displacement of the secondary quinone acceptor Q_B from its binding site on the D1 protein by the 1,10-phenanthroline, consequent inhibition of electron efflux from Q _A ⁻ and increase in the fraction of Q_B-nonreducing centers of PS 2. The active oxygen species generated in the cells have a photodegradative effect on the Chl biosynthesis system, in particular on its initial steps, and do not involve already formed pigment-protein complexes of PS 2. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 801–806, November–December, 2006.