铑/双膦配体催化均相内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的研究进展

烯烃氢甲酰化反应是工业上合成醛的重要方法.由于双膦配体良好的配位能力,形成的铑配合物有很好的催化活性,在内烯烃氢甲酰化反应中,可以有效地提高直链醛选择性.本文系统地综述了近年来双膦配体铑配合物催化均相内烯烃氢甲酰化反应的研究进展,讨论了双膦配体结构对催化剂活性和生成直链醛选择性的影响.     

水溶性铑膦配合物催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究进展

 水/有机两相体系中水溶性铑膦配合物催化的烯烃氢甲酰化反应由于具有环境友好和催化剂容易分离等优点而受到广泛关注. 其中水溶性催化剂体系已经用于丙烯氢甲酰化反应制备丁醛的工业化生产. 然而, 长链烯烃在含有催化剂的水相中溶解性较差, 反应速率较慢. 综述了有关加速水/有机两相体系中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应的方法和进展, 包括使用具有表面活性的膦配体, 以及在催化体系中添加环糊精和表面活性剂等促进剂. 另外, 还讨论了有关内烯烃氢甲酰化反应和提高直链醛选择性的方法.     

SiO_2负载的磺化三苯膦铑配合物催化高碳烯氢甲酰化及反应中的氘逆同位素效应

水溶性磺化三苯膦铑配合物担载在SiO_2表面制得的负载化水溶性Wilkinson催化剂具较大的比表面积,当1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-庚烯和十一烯酸甲酯等液态高碳烯烃在这种催化剂上于固定床加压流动态反应器中连续进行氢甲酰化催化反应时,产物醛的选择性98～100%,并可在适当过量配体存在下保持较高的催化活性.在这种催化剂上分别于CO用/H_2和CO/D_2气氛下进行烯烃氢甲酰化反应,可观察到显著的氘逆同位素效应.根据分析,初步认为酰基物中间体氢解反应可能是SiO_2负载的磺化三苯膦铑配合物催化剂上高碳烯氢甲酰化的速控步骤.     

聚氧乙烯基取代膦—铑配合物催化有机单相苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应研究

基于非离子表面活性膦配体的临界溶解温度特性 ,研究了以 Rh Cl3· 3H2 O为催化剂前体、聚氧乙烯基取代膦为配体原位合成的膦铑配合物催化剂 ,对有机单相体系中苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能 .考察了反应温度、压力及不同聚氧乙烯基取代膦 -铑配合物催化剂对反应的影响 .以 Rh/PETPP配合物为催化剂时 ,在 T=10 0℃ ,p=6 .0 MPa (CO/H2 =1∶ 1)条件下 ,反应 3.5 h后 ,烯烃转化率和产物醛收率可分别达 96 .7%和 92 .6 %     

室温离子液体中水溶性铑膦配合物催化1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的研究

研究了水溶性膦配体铑配合物在若干离子液体中的1-己烯氢甲酰化反应性能．通过改变离子液体的阴阳离子结构，可使水溶性TPPTS-铑配合物在离子液体中表现出较高的卜己烯氢甲酰化反应活性和选择性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中加入适量的水，可提高TPPTS-铑配合物的催化活性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中，水／有机两亲性膦配体与铑形成的配合物，反应后催化剂与产物自动分层，实现催化剂的循环使用．本文结果表明，水溶性膦配体铑配合物的催化活性与其在离子液体中的溶解度密切相关．     

有机官能团化介孔分子筛固载铑膦配合物的制备及其对己烯-1氢甲酰化的催化性能

 制备了表面有机官能团化的MCM-41和MCM-48介孔分子筛以及SiO2等载体固载铑膦配合物催化剂,考察了所制备催化剂对液相己烯-1氢甲酰化的催化性能,并用X射线衍射、BET、红外光谱和原子吸收光谱等技术对载体和催化剂的组成和结构进行了表征. 结果表明,固载化铑膦配合物对烯烃氢甲酰化的催化性能与有机官能团的种类及载体的结构有关; 固载于含胺基和腈基有机官能团化介孔分子筛载体的铑膦配合物表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性.     

两相催化体系中烯烃氢甲酰化的高区域选择性

采用水溶性铑膦配合物催化剂在两相(水/有机物)体系中进行长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应合成高碳醛,具有反应条件缓和、催化剂与产物容易分离的优点,而且用水作溶剂既便宜、又安全,有利于环境保护,因此引起国内外化学家重视,进行了大量研究[1,2].     

双膦配体DPPB的铑配合物催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究

研究了由Ｒｈ（ａｃａｃ）（ＣＯ２）和１,４－双（二苯膦基）苯（简称ＤＰＰＢ）组成的体系对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化作用。考察了反应温度、压力、Ｐ／Ｒｈ比、催化剂浓度等对１－己烯氢甲酰化反应的影响,得到了较适宜的反应条件。在相同条件下比较了该体系催化１－己烯、１－辛烯、１－十二烯的氢甲酰化反应的性能。结果表明,随着底物碳链的增长,反应活性呈提高优势。实验证明,ＤＰＰＢ－铑配合物对苯乙烯的氢甲酰化反应有较     

新型水溶性膦铑络合物催化烯烃的氢甲酰化反应研究

新型水溶性膦铑络合物催化烯烃的氢甲酰化反应研究燕远勇，左焕培，金子林（大连理工大学化工学院，大连１１６０１２）关键词烯烃，水溶性膦铑络合催化剂，氢甲酰化，醛．１．前言为克服催化剂的流失和与反应产物的分离困难，近年来均相催化的一个重要进展是开发了以磺化...     

有机膦配位催化剂结构与活性的关系 Ⅱ.配位体调变效应的加压原位红外光谱研究

应用加温加压原位红外光谱技术，考察了７种不同结构的有机膦配位体的电子授予能力、钴－膦羰基配合物的稳定性及其烯烃氢甲酰化催化活性等三者之间的关系．结果表明，配位体的电子授予能力强，则钴－膦羰基配合物的稳定性好，烯烃氢甲酰化活性亦高；反之亦然．对于烯烃氢甲酰化制脂肪醇的钴－膦催化剂，选择配位能力较强的三烷基膦类型的配位体较为适宜．     

Kinetic study of the Ce(III)‐, Mn(II)‐ or Fe(phen)32+‐catalyzed Belousov‐Zhabotinsky reaction with 2‐ketoglutaric acid

The Belousov‐Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction of bromate ion with 2‐ketoglutaric acid (KGA) in aqueous sulfuric acid catalyzed by Ce(III), Mn(II), or Fe(phen)₃²⁺ ion exhibits sustained barely damped oscillations under aerobic conditions. In general, the reaction oscillates without an induction period. Fe(phen)₃²⁺ ion behaves differently from Ce(III) and Mn(II) ions in catalyzing this oscillating system. The gem‐diol form of KGA exhibits different behavior from that of the keto form of KGA in the BZ reaction. The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of KGA with Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion was investigated. The order of relative reactivities of metal ions toward reaction with KGA is Mn(III) > Ce(IV) ≫ Fe(phen)₃³⁺. Experimental results are rationalized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 101–107, 2001     

Mixed‐Metal MIL‐100(Sc,M) (M=Al,Cr, Fe) for Lewis Acid Catalysis and Tandem CC Bond Formation and Alcohol Oxidation

The trivalent metal cations Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺ were each introduced, together with Sc³⁺, into MIL‐100(Sc,M) solid solutions (M=Al, Cr, Fe) by direct synthesis. The substitution has been confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid‐state NMR, UV/Vis, and X‐ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Mixed Sc/Fe MIL‐100 samples were prepared in which part of the Fe is present as α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles within the mesoporous cages of the MOF, as shown by XAS, TGA, and PXRD. The catalytic activity of the mixed‐metal catalysts in Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts additions increases with the amount of Sc present, with the attenuating effect of the second metal decreasing in the order Al>Fe>Cr. Mixed‐metal Sc,Fe materials give acceptable activity: 40 % Fe incorporation only results in a 20 % decrease in activity over the same reaction time and pure product can still be obtained and filtered off after extended reaction times. Supported α‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were also active Lewis acid species, although less active than Sc³⁺ in trimer sites. The incorporation of Fe³⁺ into MIL‐100(Sc) imparts activity for oxidation catalysis and tandem catalytic processes (Lewis acid+oxidation) that make use of both catalytically active framework Sc³⁺ and Fe³⁺. A procedure for using these mixed‐metal heterogeneous catalysts has been developed for making ketones from (hetero)aromatics and a hemiacetal.     

4-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]-N-十八烷基-1,8-萘酰亚胺荧光染料的合成及其性能研究

以4-溴-1,8-萘酐为原料,合成脂溶性4-[2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基]-N-十八烷基-1,8-萘酰亚胺。对其进行了1H NMR和IR表征。考察了荧光染料在DMF、乙腈、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和乙醚5种溶剂中的荧光光谱和吸收光谱,发现由于溶剂效应,随溶剂极性由小到大,荧光光谱和吸收光谱的最大峰值波长逐渐红移。考察了不同金属离子和pH对荧光染料荧光光谱的影响,结果表明荧光强度随Fe3+、Zn2+、Co2+浓度增大而逐渐增强,Fe3+的影响最为显著;当pH<7时,荧光强度随着pH的降低逐渐增强;进一步考察了Fe3+、Zn2+、Co2+对吸收光谱的影响,结果发现吸收光谱均蓝移。分析认为荧光染料的光致电子转移被阻碍,实验结果表明,合成的新型荧光染料可用于溶液中金属离子和pH的检测。     

2,2-二(4-羟基-3-氨基)苯基丙烷的合成

在乙醇介质中,以Fe(OH)3／C为催化剂,用80％水合肼将2,2-二(4-羟基-3-硝基)苯基丙烷还原为2,2-二(4-羟基-3-氨基)苯基丙烷。产率99．0％,纯度98．5％。考察了10种金属离子对催化剂活性的影响,结果发现Pb^2 会引起催化剂中毒;Mg^2 ,Cu^2 和Zn^2 钝化了催化剂的催化活性;Ba^2 和Cr^3 不影响催化剂的活性;Al^3 ,Ni^2 ,Ti^3 和Ti^4 能活化催化剂,使反应速度加快,但它们单独使用时无催化活性。     

Kinetic study of the Ce(III)‐, Mn(II)‐ or Fe(phen)32+‐catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction with ethyl hydrogen malonate

In a stirred batch reaction, Fe(phen)₃²⁺ ion behaves differently from Ce(III) or Mn(II) ion in catalyzing the bromate‐driven oscillating reaction with ethyl hydrogen malonate [CH₂COOHCOOEt, ethyl hydrogen malonate (EHM)]. The effects of N₂ atmosphere, concentrations of bromate ion, EHM, metal ion catalyst, sulfuric acid, and additive (bromide ion or bromomalonic acid) on the pattern of oscillations were investigated. The kinetic study of the reaction of EHM with Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion indicates that under aerobic or anaerobic conditions the order of reactivity toward reacting with EHM is Mn(III) > Ce(IV) ≫ Fe(phen)₃³⁺, which follows the same trend as that of the malonic acid system. The presence of the ester group in EHM lowers the reactivity of the two methylene hydrogen atoms toward bromination or oxidation by Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion. No good oscillations were observed for the BrO₃₋‐CH₂(COOEt)₂ reaction catalyzed by Ce(III), Mn(II), or Fe(phen)₃²⁺ ion. A discussion of the effects of oxygen on the reactions of malonic acid and its derivatives (RCHCOOHCOOR′) with Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion is also presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 52–61, 2000     

Kinetic Study of the Ce(III)‐, Mn(II)‐, or Ferroin‐Catalyzed Belousov‐Zhabotinsky Reaction with Allylmalonic Acid

In a stirred batch experiment and under aerobic conditions, ferroin (Fe(phen)₃²⁺) behaves differently from Ce(III) or Mn(II) ion as a catalyst for the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with allylmalonic acid (AMA). The effects of bromate ion, AMA, metal‐ion catalyst, and sulfuric acid on the oscillating pattern were investigated. The kinetics of the reaction of AMA with Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion was studied under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The order of reactivity of metal ions toward reaction with AMA is Fe(phen)₃³⁺ > Mn(III) > Ce(IV) under aerobic conditions whereas it is Mn(III) > Ce(IV) > Fe(phen)₃³⁺ under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, the order of reactivity of RCH(CO₂H)₂ (R = H (MA), Me (MeMA), Et (EtMA), allyl (AMA), n‐Bu (BuMA), Ph (PhMA), and Br (BrMA)) is PhMA > MA > BrMA > AMA > MeMA > EtMA > BuMA toward reaction with Ce(IV) ion and it is MA > PhMA > BrMA > MeMA > AMA > EtMA > BuMA toward reaction with Mn(III) ion. Under aerobic conditions, the order of reactivity of RCH(CO₂H)₂ toward reaction with Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion is PhMA > BrMA > (MeMA, AMA) > (BuMA, EtMA) > MA. The experiment results are rationalized.     

Kinetic study of the Ce(III)‐, Mn(II)‐, or ferroin‐catalyzed Belousov‐Zhabotinsky reaction with pyruvic acid

The Ce(III)‐, Mn(II)‐, or ferroin (Fe(phen)₃²⁺)‐catalyzed reaction of bromate ion and pyruvic acid (PA) or its dimer exhibits oscillatory behavior. Both the open‐chain dimer (parapyruvic acid, γ‐methyl‐γ‐hydroxyl‐α‐keto‐glutaric acid, DPA1) and the cyclic‐form dimer (α‐keto‐γ‐valerolactone‐γ‐carboxylic acid, DPA2) show more sustained oscillations than PA monomer. Ferroin behaves differently from Ce(III) or Mn(II) ion in catalyzing these oscillating systems. The kinetics of reactions of PA, 3‐brompyruvic acid (BrPA), DPA1, or DPA2 with Ce(IV), Mn(III), Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion were investigated. The order of relative reactivity of pyruvic acids toward reaction with Ce(IV), Mn(III), or Fe(phen)₃³⁺ ion is DPA2 > DPA1 > BrPA > PA and that of metal ions toward reaction with pyruvic acids is Mn(III) > Ce(IV) > Fe(phen)₃³⁺. The rates of bromination reactions of pyruvic acids are independent of the concentration of bromine and the order of reactivity toward bromination is (DPA1, DPA2) > BrPA > PA. Experimental results are rationalized. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 408–418, 2000     

New Observations on the Belousov-Zhabotinskii Reaction. The Oscillating Reaction of Organic Gallic Acid and Potassium Bromate Catalyzed by 1,10-o-Phenanthroline-Iron(II) Complex

The oscillating reaction involving organic gallic acid (GA), potassium bromate, and a metal ion complex has been reinvestigated. In contrast to other previous reports, this oscillating reaction is catalyzed by the [Fe(phen)_n]²⁺ ion (phen = 1,10-o-phenanthroline, n=1, 2, 3) rather than by the cerium ion. The characteristics of the oscillations depend on the temperature and on the concentrations of the potassium bromate, gallic acid, [Fe(phen)_n]²⁺, and sulfuric acid. A cyclic voltammetric study indicates that the redox potential and the reversibility of the [Fe(phen)_n]^2+/3+ couple play a major role in catalyzing this oscillating system.     

A kinetic model for the SDS micelle catalyzed hydrolysis of tris (3, 4, 7, 8-tetramethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) iron(II) in alkaline medium

A kinetic model of micellar catalysis of more general application is proposed. Kinetic data in the base hydrolysis of Fe (Me₄phen) ₃ ²⁺ caalyzed by SDS micelle is adequately explained by the model.     

Study of the ligand substitution reaction Fe (CN)5H2O3− + pyrazine in micellar solutions

The ligand substitution reaction Fe(CN)₅H₂O³⁻ + pyrazine → Fe(CN)₅ pyrazine³⁻ + H₂O has been studied in sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and salt aqueous solutions at 298.2 K. Kinetics were studied in dilute and concentrated salt solutions and in SDS and CTAB solutions at surfactant concentrations below and above the critical micelle concentration. Experimental results show that salt effects can be explained by considering the interaction between the cations present in the working media which come from the background electrolyte, and the Fe(CN)₅H₂O³⁻ species in the vicinity of the cyanide ligands. This interaction makes the release of the aqua ligand from the inner-coordination shell of the iron(II) complex to the bulk more difficult resulting in a decrease of the reaction rate when the electrolyte concentration increases. Kinetic data in surfactant solutions show that not only micellized surfactants are operative kinetically, but also nonmicellized surfactants are influencing the reactivity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 377–384, 1997