介孔Co3O4-CeO2复合氧化物的制备及在CO选择性氧化中的应用

以硝酸钴和硝酸铈为前驱物，SBA-15为硬模板，利用双溶剂法制备了Co3O4-CeO2介孔复合氧化物，通过X-射线衍射、N2吸脱附测试、程序升温还原和透射电子显微镜等技术对活性组分及载体进行了表征，并且与浸渍法和共沉淀法所制备的催化剂进行了对比分析。结果表明，相比于浸渍法和共沉淀法，采用双溶剂法制备的介孔Co3O4-CeO2复合氧化物具有均匀的介孔结构、较小的颗粒尺寸、较大的比表面积和较高的活性组分分散度。此外，CO氧化脱除评价显示与常规的共沉淀法和浸渍法所制备的催化剂相比该介孔复合氧化物具有较高的反应活性和选择性，其高活性主要归因于较高的比表面积和活性组分的高分散度。     

超细Fe-V-O催化剂上甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛

分别采用共沉淀法,凝胶自燃烧法和水热法制备了Fe-V-O复合氧化物催化剂用于催化过氧化氢液相氧化甲苯制苯甲醛反应中,并采用N2等温吸附-脱附法,粉末X射线衍射,红外光谱,扫描电子显微镜,能量弥散X射线光谱和H2程序升温还原等方法对催化剂性质进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法显著影响催化剂的结构,比表面积,形貌,表面元素组成和还原性.Fe-V-O催化剂颗粒的超细化调变了其比表面积和还原性,从而改善了催化剂上甲苯液相氧化制苯甲醛反应性能.其中水热法制备的超细Fe-V-O催化剂具有最高的苯甲醛收率和较好的重复使用性能.这主要归因于该催化剂颗粒尺寸小,比表面积大,以及表面较多的活性钒氧物种和适宜的还原性.     

CeO2-TiO2催化剂的表面结构及其湿式氧化活性

 采用溶胶-凝胶法和共沉淀法制备了CeO2-TiO2催化剂,利用N2吸附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和Zeta电位分析等手段表征了催化剂的表面结构性质. 以乙酸和苯酚为目标物,进行了湿式氧化高浓度乙酸和苯酚的活性测试,研究了CeO2-TiO2催化剂表面结构与活性之间的关系. 结果表明, Ce和Ti之间的相互作用使复合氧化物CeO2-TiO2催化剂具有小的晶粒尺寸和高的比表面积,催化剂表面化学吸附氧含量增加,且不同制备方法得到的CeO2-TiO2催化剂表面电位点不同,共沉淀法制备的催化剂更有利于乙酸和苯酚的吸附. 在湿式氧化反应中, CeO2-TiO2催化剂有较高的活性,其中共沉淀法制备的催化剂活性最高; 在230 ℃, 5 MPa条件下反应120 min后,乙酸COD去除率为79%; 在150 ℃, 4 MPa下反应120 min后,苯酚COD去除率为96%.     

不同制备方法的Mn-Ce催化剂低温SCR性能研究

采用新型共沉淀法、浸渍法以及沉淀沉积法制备基于Mn-Ce的催化剂. 对比60～160 ℃温度区间内三种方法制备的催化剂的低温选择性催化还原NO性能. 运用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等对催化剂的形貌与性质进行了表征. 实验结果表明, 共沉淀法制备的Mn-Ce/TiO₂有更好的低温催化还原NO活性. 影响沉淀法低温催化还原NO活性的主要因素是催化剂的表面积、活性组分的分布以及Mn与Ti之间的内在作用.     

氧化还原沉淀法制备MnOx-SnO2催化剂及其对NO的NH3选择催化还原性能

采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备了MnOx-SnO2复合氧化物,并将其用于低温NH3选择催化还原NO反应.结果表明,Mn/(Mn Sn)摩尔比为75%的催化剂具有最好的低温催化活性,在120～200℃温度范围内得到100%的NO转化率.氮吸附-脱附、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱测试表明,高比表面积、Mn-Sn固溶体的形成和高氧化态的Mn物种是催化剂催化活性较高的主要原因.     

多元介孔混合氧化物La-Mn-Ce-O催化剂的制备与表征

采用柠檬酸络合鄄有机模板剂分解法制备出具有不同(nLa+nMn)/(nLa+nMn+nCe)比、不同温度焙烧的La-Mn-Ce-O系列多元介孔混合氧化物催化剂, 并与传统共沉淀法制备的La-Mn-Ce-O催化剂进行比较. N2吸附和脱附结果表明, 采用模板剂法制得的样品具有较大的比表面积(高达103.5 m2·g-1)和较均匀的孔径分布(3.4-4.4 nm); 500 ℃焙烧样品的比表面积约为共沉淀法所制样品的三倍. 600 ℃焙烧后, 样品的孔径分布范围稍有加宽, 但仍保持介孔结构. XRD表征结果表明, Mn物种具有高度的分散性, XRD 难以检测, La-Ce和Mn-Ce可能部分形成了固溶体结构. XPS结果揭示, Mn-Ce间存在电子态的强相互作用, 出现了Mn 2p的震激峰, 这种相互作用促进了氧物种在Ce和Mn物种间的传递, 增强了样品的氧化还原性能, 震激峰最明显的样品具有最佳的氧化性能. H2-TPR结果表明, 采用柠檬酸络合鄄有机模板剂分解法制备的催化剂中, 锰氧化物更容易被还原, Mn—O 键的活动度与CO氧化活性密切相关. 活性评价结果表明, 500 ℃焙烧的(nLa+nMn)/(nLa+nMn+nCe)为0.5的样品, 起燃温度比传统共沉淀法制得的样品降低了50 ℃左右, 并表现出较高的热稳定性.     

CeO_2-Al_2O_3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积-沉淀法制备了CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H2-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积-沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物具有较大的CeO2晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

介孔Fe-Cu复合金属氧化物纳米粉催化剂催化低温CO氧化

以环氧丙烷为凝胶剂,采用简便低廉的无表面活性剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Cu/Fe摩尔比的高比表面积介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物纳米粉末。运用微反应器-色谱体系考察了它们在低温CO氧化反应中的催化性能。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-差热分析、程序升温还原、傅里叶变换红外光谱和透射电镜对所制样品进行了表征。结果表明,这些介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物催化剂具有纳米晶结构、窄的孔径分布和高的比表面积,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出高的活性和稳定性。 CuO的添加影响了Fe2O3的结构和催化性能。当CuO含量为15 mol%时,催化剂具有最高的比表面积和催化活性,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出较高的催化稳定性。     

Pr-Ce-Zr复合氧化物的结构与储氧性能研究

采用氨水共沉淀方法制备了PrxCe0.3－xZr0.7O2（x=0,0．1,0．2,0．3）复合氧化物,对样品进行了X光衍射、比表面积等表征及动态和静态储氧性能测试。结果表明,Pr进入铈锆的晶格,形成了良好的固溶体,并有效地阻止了水热老化处理造成铈锆的分相。在富锆复合氧化物中,Pr本身的氧化还原能力较弱,对固溶体的总储氧能力贡献不大;而适量Pr掺杂（10％,原子分数）可以对铈锆样品的表面改性,提高动态储放氧能力。     

介孔Fe-Cu复合金属氧化物纳米粉催化剂催化低温CO氧化（英文）

以环氧丙烷为凝胶剂,采用简便低廉的无表面活性剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Cu/Fe摩尔比的高比表面积介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物纳米粉末.运用微反应器-色谱体系考察了它们在低温CO氧化反应中的催化性能.采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-差热分析、程序升温还原、傅里叶变换红外光谱和透射电镜对所制样品进行了表征.结果表明,这些介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物催化剂具有纳米晶结构、窄的孔径分布和高的比表面积,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出高的活性和稳定性.CuO的添加影响了Fe2O3的结构和催化性能.当CuO含量为15 mol%时,催化剂具有最高的比表面积和催化活性,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出较高的催化稳定性.     

Nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxides prepared via inverse micelles formation

Nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxides have been prepared by conventional coprecipitation and by coprecipitation in the presence of a surfactant. The solids have been characterised by several physicochemical techniques. Calcination leads to formation of homogeneously dispersed mixed oxides, which have been characterised as well. The colour properties (lightness and chromaticity coordinates) of both series of solids (layered precursors and calcined ones) have been measured. It has been found that both the preparation method and the calcination treatment have an important effect on the luminosity (whiteness/darkness) of the solids, although the effect on the precise chromaticity coordinates (green/red and blue/yellow) is less marked.     

添加氧化铈对铁锰复合氧化物脱除羰基硫的影响

采用共沉淀法制备铈掺杂铁锰复合氧化物脱硫剂,对掺杂和未掺杂脱硫剂进行XRD、SEM、TG和XPS分析,并对脱硫剂在325℃下进行脱硫实验。实验结果表明,脱硫剂微粒的晶粒尺寸、分散度和表面元素形态随氧化铈的添加有所改变。和未添加氧化铈脱硫剂相比,添加氧化铈脱硫剂晶粒变小,各元素结合能有所增加。掺杂氧化铈后脱硫剂中氧化物分散性增强,表面吸附氧量增加,脱硫剂在还原气氛中易被还原。脱硫实验表明,添加氧化铈增强了脱硫剂脱除羰基硫的活性,羰基硫脱除精度有较大提高。此外,脱硫剂中添加适量氧化铈可以延长脱硫剂的穿透时间,但过量的氧化铈加入会使穿透时间缩短。     

Enhanced activity of CuO/ZnO catalyst on the decomposition of dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate into dimethylhexane-1,6-diisocyanate

To decompose dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate (HDC) to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), mixed CuO and ZnO catalysts with Cu/(Cu?+?Zn) ratio of 4 and 8% were prepared by coprecipitation (CP), sequential precipitation (SP) and incipient wetness impregnation (IW). The SP-derived CuO/ZnO catalysts showed higher HDC yields than those derived by CP and IW. The IW method produced CuO/ZnO catalysts consisting of larger CuO and ZnO particles compared to the two precipitation methods. The CP method led to substitution of Zn²⁺ by Cu²⁺ in the hydrozincite precursor phase, resulting in higher BET and Cu surface areas of CuO–ZnO catalysts due to intimate intergrowth of nano-sized particles. However, the inherent character of ZnO in the CP-derived catalysts was modified by interfacial contact between CuO and ZnO identified by UV–visible and Raman spectra. In contrast, the properties of CuO and ZnO, as well as the relatively large surface areas, were kept in the SP-derived catalysts owing to deposition of Cu precipitates to fully aged Zn precipitates. This is believed to be a benefit of the SP method for the reaction. Therefore, our preparation approach has great potential to be extended to various mixed oxide catalysts.     

Catalytic properties of Cu/Co/Zn/Zr oxides prepared by various methods

The new Cu-Co based （Cu/Co/Zn/Zr） catalysts for higher-alcohol synthesis were prepared using coprecipitation method, plasma enhanced method and reverse coprecipitation method under ultrasound irradiation. The catalysts were investigated by the means of BET, SEM, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS. Catalytic properties of the catalysts prepared by various methods were examined using CO hydrogenation reaction. It was found that plasma enhanced method and reverse coprecipitation method under ultrasound irradiation were both effective in enhancing the catalytic properties of Cu/Co/Zn/Zr mixed oxides. The small particle size, high dispersion of active components, the improvement of specific surface area and surface contents of active phases could account for the excellent performance of the experimental Cu/Co/Zn/Zr catalysts.     

铜锆复合氧化物的结构对其催化选 择还原－氧化氮性 能的影响

用浸渍法和共沉淀法分别制得CuO---ZrO~2复合氧化具物有不同的选择还原NO~x的催化性能,采用XRD,BET,EXAFS和H~2---TPR等手段对样品进行了表征,发现浸渍法制备的样品具有的比表面较大,氧化锆被稳定在四方相。EXAFS实验表明,浸渍法制得样品的铜离子填入氧化锆表面空穴中,并以Cu^2+形式存在;500℃焙条件下用共沉淀法引入的铜离子可部分取代锆离子,在氧化锆体相高度分散形成均匀的无定形固溶体,铜离子在氧化锆体相的高度分散是形成表面弧立铜物种的关键。溶入氧化锆体相的铜离子在取代部位由于局部负电荷而使氧化性降低,是共沉淀法制备样品具有较高催化活性的主要原因。     

Effect of Manganese Incorporation Manner on an Iron-Based Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

A systematic study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the manganese incorpo- ration manner on the textural properties,bulk and surface phase compositions,reduction/carburization behaviors,and surface basicity of an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)catalyst.The cata- lyst samples were characterized by N_2 physisorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),H_2(or CO)temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption(TPD),and M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy.The FTS performance of the catalysts was studied in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor(CSTR).The characterization results indicated that the manganese promoter incor- porated by using the coprecipitation method could improve the dispersion of iron oxide,and decrease the size of the iron oxide crystallite.The manganese incorporated with the impregnation method is enriched on the catalyst's surface.The manganese promoter added with the impregnation method suppresses the reduction and carburization of the catalyst in H_2,CO,and syngas because of the excessive enrichment of manganese on the catalyst surface.The catalyst added manganese using the coprecipitation method has the highest CO conversion(51.9%)and the lowest selectivity for heavy hydrocarbons(C_(12 )).     

Mechanochemical synthesis of highly dispersed iron oxide from metallic powders in manufacture of catalysts

X-ray phase, X-ray diffraction, and synchronous thermal analyses, Mossbauer and IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study processes occurring in the stages of mechanochemical oxidation and thermal treatment of coarsely dispersed iron and cast iron powders in a dispersion medium of water and oxalic acid solutions. The optimal mechanochemical-synthesis conditions were determined and it was found that the preparation method affects the phase composition, structure, and properties of the resulting oxides. It was experimentally confirmed that the mechanochemical oxidation method makes it possible to obtain oxides by the zero-sewage technology with a specific surface area 1.5–12 times larger that that in oxides produced by the conventional precipitation technique. An analysis of the reactivity of the samples in the model reaction of carbon monoxide conversion by steam demonstrated their high catalytic activity.     

Optimization of Mn-Mg-Al Mixed Oxides Composition on their Activity towards the Total Oxidation of Aromatic and Oxygenated VOCs

A series of mixed oxides (Mn-Mg-Al) is prepared by coprecipitation via a hydrotalcite route with different manganese ratios. Structural, textural, and redox properties are studied by XRD, N₂-sorption, H₂-TPR, and XPS techniques. Mn_xMg_6-xAl₂-O mixed oxides (with 0≤x≤6) are tested in the total oxidation of ethanol and toluene, two probe molecules representing respectively oxygenated and aromatic VOCs. Catalysts with higher manganese contents have shown the best catalytic performance for the oxidation of both ethanol and toluene. The surface activity of the materials is mainly related to the presence of manganese species in three different oxidation states (+II, +III, and +IV) in the bulk and on the material's surface. Since high Mn-content catalysts showed similar physicochemical properties and catalytic activity, Mn₄Mg₂-O is selected as the optimal composition of these materials. Furthermore, its aging test is compared to that of noble metal-based commercial catalysts (Pd/γ-Al₂O₃).