坩埚下降法生长CaF2单晶的研究

采用坩埚下降法生长了CaF2单晶体,研究了不同条件生长的单晶缺陷和光谱性能.结果表明:当晶体生长过程中进入水等含氧杂质时,所生长的晶体不仅在1500nm附近产生非常宽的OH-两倍振动吸收带,而且在可见-紫外波段也形成强烈的色心吸收带.同时,杂质离子Ce3+的存在也导致晶体出现306nm的吸收带.     

磷酸铁锂单晶水热法生长及其表征

运用桂林水热法成功制备出了毫米级磷酸铁锂体晶体,晶体呈六棱柱结构或者呈圆形(around),等长的外观,等大的外表.实验得到LiFePO4单晶的XRD衍射峰谱,10°~40°范围内的主强峰相较于磷酸锂铁微晶多出(020)面,说明在晶体生长后期主要由(020)面控制,主要成六棱柱属性终止于(010),(200),(101)这三个表面,这些优势面有望在材料的电化学和表面交换性能中发挥重要作用.分析LiFePO4晶体结构确定锂离子在(010)方向是运动能量最低的通道,所以增大ac方向维度二维片状和缩短b轴方向的尺度结构的LiFePO4是可以设计合成的.这将使锂离子的扩散速度得到提高,并且使磷酸铁锂材料在倍率性能,电导率,低温性能方面都可得到提升.LiFePO4晶体在紫外光区大量吸收,在可见光区内出现一个宽的透过带,吸收值较小,大部分光透过,这正是LiFePO4单晶颜色不深的原因,并且具有良好的透过性.合成的LiFePO4晶体的点缺陷造成的色心对近红外短波部分980~1700 nm波长的光全部吸收,近红外长波1750~3000 nm光全部透过,LiFePO4晶体在1000~3000 nm波长范围内的高对称性吸收和透过必将使其在近红外波段窗口器件的应用上有所突破.     

ZnSe和Cr∶ ZnSe单晶的温梯法制备及光学性能研究

采用温度梯度法(TGT)生长了直径为32 mm大尺寸ZnSe晶体.对生长出的ZnSe单晶进行了光学性能分析.采用磁控溅射方法在ZnSe晶体上镀铬膜,通过热扩散方法成功制备出中红外Cr∶ ZnSe激光晶体,并研究了Cr∶ZnSe晶体的光谱性能.吸收光谱测试观察到了Cr2+(3d4)取代四面体配位Zn2的5T2→5E能级的跃迁在1800nm的吸收带.77 K低温的光致发光光谱表明Cr∶ ZnSe晶体具有中心波长位于2.2 μm的宽谱带发射特征.     

SrCeO3:Sm3+红色发光粉的制备及发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了SrCeO3∶Sm3+红色荧光粉,用XRD、SEM、FL分析表征了样品的结构、形貌及发光性能。研究了助熔剂H3BO3对其发光性能的影响。结果表明:样品为具有正交晶系结构的SrCeO3晶型,呈椭球型结构。荧光光谱测试结果表明:Sm3+掺杂的SrCeO3在紫外波段有两个吸收带,一是峰值位于320 nm左右的宽吸收带,归属于Ce4+→O2-的电荷迁移带,另一个为峰值位于408 nm的锐线吸收带,对应于Sm3+的6H5/2→4L13/2跃迁吸收;在波长408 nm的激发下,样品发红光,发射主峰位于601 nm,对应于Sm3+的4G5/2→6H7/2跃迁。样品的发光强度随着Sm3+和助熔剂H3BO3加入量的增加先增强,后减弱。当Sm3+的掺杂量为3mol%,H3BO3加入量为0.5 mol%时,发光强度最大。     

不同形貌氮化硅纳米结构的制备与表征

分别通过VLS和VS生长机制得到了Si3N4纳米线和纳米带.产物经X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段进行了分析.FTIR图谱表明它们在800～1100cm-1的波数范围内有一个宽的吸收带,这是Si-N键伸缩振动模式的典型吸收带.它们的室温光致发光图谱显示,在420nm左右都有一很强的发射带,表明其将在纳米光电器件中有潜在应用.另外,Si3N4纳米线发光峰与纳米带的发光相比有少许蓝移(蓝移约4nm),这可能和晶须尺寸的少许差别有关.至于纳米带的发光强度大于纳米线的原因,可能是纳米带的比表面积相对较大,有利于悬键的形成,从而导致材料结构内缺陷的浓度较大.     

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Red Phosphor SrCeO3∶ Sm3 +

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了SrCeO3∶Sm3+红色荧光粉,用XRD、SEM、FL分析表征了样品的结构、形貌及发光性能.研究了助熔剂H3BO3对其发光性能的影响.结果表明:样品为具有正交晶系结构的SrCeO3晶型,呈椭球型结构.荧光光谱测试结果表明:Sm3+掺杂的SrCeO3在紫外波段有两个吸收带,一是峰值位于320 nm左右的宽吸收带,归属于Ce4+→O2-的电荷迁移带,另一个为峰值位于408nm的锐线吸收带,对应于Sm3+的6H5/2→L13/2跃迁吸收;在波长408nm的激发下,样品发红光,发射主峰位于601nm,对应于Sm3+的4G/2 →6H7/2跃迁.样品的发光强度随着Sm3+和助熔剂H3BO3加入量的增加先增强,后减弱.当Sm3+的掺杂最为3mol％,H3 BO3加入量为0.5 mol％时,发光强度最大.     

ZnO(110)单层膜对O的自吸附及其电子结构的研究

基于密度泛函理论方法研究分析了一种Zn顶位吸附O的ZnO(110)-O二维膜材料的结构、结合性质、磁性质、电子结构和光吸收性质.结果表明,ZnO(110)二维膜经过O吸附之后,Zn-O键长分别增大到0.1992 nm和0.1973 nm,Zn-O链之间的距离减小到0.5628 nm,O-Zn-O键角度为108.044°,ZnO(110)膜Zn顶位对O原子的吸附为倾斜的吸附.经过Zn顶位O的吸附,ZnO(110)二维膜内原子间离子性结合性增强,吸附的O与Zn也形成偏离子性结合键,Zn顶位吸附O原子之后能量有所降低,吸附体系为反铁磁性材料.O吸附的ZnO(110)-O二维膜为间接带隙型材料,带隙宽度为0.565 eV.材料中的p电子对费米能处态密度贡献较多.ZnO(110)-O二维膜最高吸收峰位于156 nm,吸收率为67181光吸收单位,其在445 nm以上具有宽的强吸收带.     

氟化铅晶体中300nm光吸收带的起因

在PbF2晶体的透射光谱中常存在一个300nm光吸收带,其特征是吸收强度从结晶开始端向结晶结束端递减.利用原子吸收光谱分析(AAS),发现具有300nm光吸收带的晶体含有比较多的杂质离子Ca和Ba,但根据掺杂实验及其它氟化物晶体中存在的类似吸收现象,排除了Ca和Ba是造成这一吸收现象的原因,而是认为Ce3+离子杂质的4f→5d跃迁是造成该吸收带的原因.氟化铅晶体中的微量Ce3+离子杂质来源于生产HF时所使用的天然矿物CaF2.通过对HF这一制备PbF2原料的高度提纯可以有效地消除晶体中的300nm吸收带.     

掺铈钒酸钇晶体的生长及光学性质的研究

报导了采用提拉法生长的高质量的掺铈钒酸钇(Ce:YVO4)晶体,其中Ce3 离子的掺杂浓度为1.0%原子分数。对加工好的掺铈钒酸钇晶片进行了吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量。三个吸收峰的中心波长分别在473nm、557nm和584nm。400~600nm的发射带包含两个发射峰,其中心波长分别在424nm和469nm处。文章从能级结构上对Ce:YVO4晶体光谱的产生机制进行了讨论。     

Cr4+,Yb3+:YAG晶体的生长及其吸收特性

用提拉法生长了Cr,Yb:YAG晶体,研究了在室温的吸收光谱特性以及氧化性气氛退火对其吸收特性的影响.在室温吸收光谱中存在着五大吸收带:在440nm和605nm存在着Cr3+离子的两个吸收带,而且退火使其发生了明显的"红移";在937nm和968nm处存在Yb3+离子的两个吸收带,能与InGaAs激光二极管(LD)有效耦合,适合激光二极管泵浦;而且在1.03μm处有一Cr4+离子的吸收峰,可用作可饱和吸收体,从而可以实现对Yb3+的自调Q激光输出.在氧化性气氛下退火对晶体吸收特性及缺陷的影响是:退火使晶体的缺陷明显减少而且使Cr4+浓度得到进一步的增加;Cr4+离子浓度的增加主要是由于二价阳离子Ca2+进入相应的Y3+晶格所造成.并且从晶格场的角度讨论了退火使Cr3+离子的吸收带发生"红移"的原因.     

Optical properties of IV–VI quantum dots embedded in glass: Size-effects

Measurements of the photoluminescence (PL), micro-PL, spatially-resolved PL, optical absorption and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of PbS and PbSe quantum dots (QDs) embedded in oxide glass matrix, were carried out. It was found that the energy gaps of the QDs showed pronounced anomalous temperature dependences. Their temperature coefficients depended strongly upon the size and shape of the QDs, and surface and/or confined phonon modes. In addition, the energy-dependent transfer rate of excitons from smaller to larger dots via electronic coupling was observed. It was predicted that further improvements in size selectivity, luminescence quantum yield, and well-controlled growth would enable highly efficient inter-dot energy transfer.     

Nonlinear optical properties of PbS quantum dots in boro-silicate glass

PbS quantum dots synthesis in boro-silicate glass is presented. Absorption bleaching of PbS quantum dots of ≈4 and ≈7 nm in diameter dispersed in this glass has been studied. Bleaching relaxation time of 20–30 ps, absorption saturation fluence of ≈5 mJ/cm² and ground-state absorption cross-section of 2 ÷ 6 × 10⁻¹⁷ cm² at the wavelengths corresponding to the first excitonic absorption band maxima are measured.     

Photoluminescence of PbS quantum dots embedded in glasses

Optical properties and photoluminescence of PbS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in glasses were investigated. Formation and radius of PbS QDs were carefully controlled though heat-treatment and modification of host glass composition. Heat-treatment conditions for precipitation of 3–10 nm radius QDs for the tunable photoluminescence in the 1–2 μm wavelength range were identified. Glasses doped with PbS QDs provide potential as robust materials for broadband fiber-optic amplifiers.     

Optical properties of novel PbS and PbSe quantum-dot-doped alumino-alkali-silicate glasses

Lead sulfide PbS and lead selenide PbSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in novel alumino-alkali-silicate glass. The synthesis of the nanocrystals was stabilized by introduction of two alkaline components. The presence of crystalline phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. For PbS (PbSe) QD-doped glass, the position of the 1S–1S excitonic absorption peak can be managed in the spectral range of 1.5–2.1 μm (for PbS) or 1.8–2.2 μm (for PbSe) by appropriate heat‐treatment mode. The corresponding QD average diameter was found to be 5.8–9.7 nm (for PbS) and 7.5–9.5 nm (for PbSe). The influence of the secondary heat-treatment at the temperatures of 490–525 °C on the PbS QD growth in the glass matrix initially treated at 480 °C was studied in details. The photoluminescence of the PbS-QD-doped glass was observed, it was referred to the radiative recombination of the excitons from the 1S–1S state. The possibility to obtaining narrow 1S–1S absorption lines at the wavelengths longer than 2 μm is discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of semiconductor metal sulfide nanocrystals using microemulsion technique

The semiconductor nanocrystals ZnS, PbS, CdS and CuS were synthesized via microemulsion technique involving metal acetate, reducing agent (Na₂S) and Triton X‐100 as surfactant. Nanocrystals were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average size of ZnS, PbS, CdS and CuS nanocrystals were found to be 5.6 nm, 13.3 nm, 11.4 nm and 6.2 nm, respectively. Different parameters like surfactant (Triton X‐100) concentration, water‐to‐surfactant ratio (ω), precursor concentration [zinc acetate, (Zn(AC)₂], reducing agent concentration [sodium sulphide, (Na₂S)] were optimized to synthesize ZnS quantum dots.     

Influence of silver nanoclusters on formation of PbS quantum dots in glasses

Heat-treatment was used to precipitate PbS quantum dots (QDs) in silicate glasses doped with different amounts of Ag₂O, and the influence of Ag₂O on QDs was investigated. Under given heat-treatment conditions, the absorption coefficients and photoluminescence intensities of PbS QDs increased with the addition of Ag₂O. Ag clusters formed by thermal treatment nucleated formation of PbS QDs in glasses.     

Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs in glasses

Optical properties of PbS quantum dots (QDs) precipitated inside the oxide glass matrix were investigated. Photoluminescence (PL) from the PbS QDs showed peak wavelengths located at 1170–1680 nm with widths of 150–550 nm. Radii of QDs in glasses were 2.3–4.7 nm depending upon the thermal treatment. Peak wavelengths of PL bands shifted as much as 70 nm as the temperatures and excitation irradiances increased. Calculated effective local temperatures indicated that these shifts of PL spectra were associated with local heating induced by the temperatures and laser beam.     

Optical properties of PbSe quantum dots doped in borosilicate glass

PbSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in borosilicate glass and their optical properties were investigated. The typical quantum confinement effects were clearly observed from the absorption when the average radii of the QDs changed from 1.7 to 3.1 nm. Photoluminescence from PbSe QDs was achieved in 1.1–2.2 μm wavelength region that covers the entire fiber-optic telecommunication window. Borosilicate glasses containing controlled size of PbSe QDs provide potentials for the fiber-optic amplifiers.     

Investigation on a two-pot solvothermal route for preparing high quality CdSe QDs

High quality zinc-blende CdSe quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized through a novel two-pot solvothermal route employing non toxic and low cost materials without the use of inert atmosphere. The temperature is varied by maintaining the precursor amount a constant in all experiments. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) measurements indicate the occurrence of zinc-blende CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with the size ranging from 3.5 to 7 nm. The absorption spectra of the CdSe nanoparticles exhibit a blue shift, as an indication of the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the CdSe nanoparticles confirm that the particles are monodisperse, size-tunable and possess enhanced luminescent property.     

Synthesis via an organic molten salt solvent route and characterization of PbS nanocrystals

In this paper, four petals flowers‐like and quasi sphere‐like PbS nanostructures were successfully synthesized by an environment friendly organic molten salt solvent (OMSS) route at 200 °C, with different sulfur sources, e.g. thiourea and sodium thiosulfate, respectively. The as‐synthesized products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV–vis absorption spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, respectively. It was shown that four petals flowers‐like and quasi sphere‐like PbS nanocrystals were formed. It was also demonstrated that the morphologies of PbS nanocrystals were significantly influenced by different sulfur sources. The ultraviolet‐visible absorption peaks of PbS nanocrystals exhibited a large blue‐shift and the luminescence spectra had strong and broad emission bands centered at 488 nm and 492 nm. The possible formation mechanisms of the PbS nanostructures were discussed. The organic molten salt solvent (OMSS) method is preferable for synthesizing high‐quality PbS nanocrystals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)