基于小波变换的撞击流压力波动信号分析

通过小波变换对信号进行多尺度细化分析,解决了傅里叶变换不能解决的许多问题．从分析噪声和信号本身奇异点的区别入手,利用小波在时频两域突出信号局部特征能力的重要性质,即噪声信号小波变换的极大值随尺度的加大而显著减少的特点,对撞击流反应器撞击区压力波动信号进行处理分析．分析结果表明:小波变换可以较好地去除信号中的噪声;通过消噪后信号的功率谱可知,撞击流压力波动信号具有自相似的分形特征,与前期的实验研究相吻合．     

铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究

激光激励的Lamb波信号具有较宽的频带,且包含多个模态信息。本文采用二维傅里叶变换和时频分析等信号分析技术用于检测信号中的模态成分及缺陷信息识别。首先,对200组激光Lamb波信号进行二维傅里叶变换,得到信号的频率-波数图,可识别出激光Lamb波信号中的低阶A0、S0和高阶模态,并且A0模态能量高,可用于缺陷检测。随后对有、无缺陷状态下Lamb波信号进行连续小波变换,从时频图中识别出缺陷信号的频率成分,进一步提取特定频率下的小波系数幅值信号,实现了缺陷信息的识别。结果表明,二维傅里叶变换能较好地识别激光Lamb波的模态成分,而提取出的连续小波变换系数图,能准确实现缺陷定位。     

Spectrotemporal analysis of guided-wave pulse-echo signals: Part 2. Numerical and experimental investigations

Part 2 of this paper seeks the numerical and experimental procedures for implementing the Morlet wavelet transform for the spectrotemporal analysis of multimode dispersive waves. The sensitivity due to the spectral parameters and ₀, defining the bandwidth and center frequency of the mother wavelet, is studied through an error analysis of the simulation signals. The algorithm for determining the group delays is extended to multimode signals by introducing a thresholding technique. The ultimate goal of this study is to nondestructively detect and locate discontinuities in a thin plate. This is demonstrated by experimentally measuring the travel distance of a Lamb wave from a single waveform.     

连续小波变换离散化的爆炸振动特征分析

应用连续小波变换的离散化关系,针对一个改进的L-P（littlewood-paley）小波基函数,给出了一种实现频率完全分割的时频特征分析方法,并对爆炸振动时频特征进行了研究。80 kg TNT地面爆炸时地面垂向振动速度的时间能量密度分布情况表明,在质点振动峰值速度到达时刻爆炸振动的频率范围比较宽,而其他时刻的振动频率相对较为集中,时频能量分布的峰值正好对应于爆炸振动速度的峰值到达时间。基于小波变换的爆炸振动频谱特征与Fourier变换的结果具有良好的一致性。此外,还给出了利用小波变换结果建立爆炸振动随机演变理论模型的基本方法。     

基于小波变换的水下连续爆炸声信号特征分析

为了研究水下连续爆炸声信号的特征,利用Mallat算法,采用离散小波变换对水下连续爆炸声信号进行了分层提取分析,讨论了水下连续爆炸声信号在各频带的能量分布状况,采用Welch方法实现了对水下连续爆炸声信号的功率谱特征提取,并采用离散小波变换对声信号进行时频谱特性分析。结果表明,水下连续爆炸声信号具有很强的声功率,声压级可以达到190 dB以上,声持续时间较长,频率范围宽、声信号的能量主要集中在频率48 kHz以下,其中在低频段能量更大,这些特点使其有望成为水声干扰源。     

Determination of the optimal Gabor wavelet shape for the best time-frequency localization using the entropy concept

The continuous Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) has been utilized as an effective and powerful time-frequency analysis tool for identifying the rapidly-varying characteristics of some dispersive wave signals. The effectiveness of the GWT is strongly influenced by the wavelet shape that controls the time-frequency localization property. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right Gabor wavelet shape for given signals. Because the characteristics of signals are rarely known in advance, the determination of the optimal shape is usually difficult. Based on this observation, we aim at developing a systematic method to determine the signal-dependent shape of the Gabor wavelet for the best time-frequency localization. To find the optimal Gabor wavelet shape, we employ the notion of the Shannon entropy that measures the extent of signal energy concentration in the time-frequency plane. To verify the validity of the present approach, we analyze a set of elastic bending wave signals generated by an impact in a solid cylinder.     

结构损伤的小波分形神经网络检测

用神经网络进行结构损伤检测、分析的有效性在很大程度上取决于训练样本的好坏。小波变换在时域和频域都具有表征信号局部特征的能力,小波包分析利用可以伸缩和平移的可变视窗能够聚焦到信号的任意细节,因此对有损伤的结构的非线性动力特性能进行有效的分析。利用分形几何方法不依赖于系统的数学模型的特点,将分形维数与小波分析相结合,建立了结构损伤的小波分形神经网络检测方法。研究结果表明,结构不同状态下的振动信号的各频段分形维数有明显的不同,可以将振动信号的各频段分形维数作为结构损伤检测的特征量,并用神经网络将结构的不同状态模式识别出来。     

小波分析在结构系统辨识中的应用

利用小波变换及其性质探讨了小波在结构系统辨识领域中的应用，给出它在脉冲响应函数提取、频响函数估计等非参数估计问题上的应用的具体步骤，结果表明小波在该领域的应用是可能且有效的．     

基于小波变换及Wigner-Ville变换方法的超声导波信号分析

对结构中缺陷的检测和识别是无损检测中的一项重要研究课题,超声导波由于可在短时间内检测很远距离,故它的一个重要应用便是管材的检测。因而对导波检测信号的处理成为一重要研究内容,本文利用时-频分析方法中的小波变换和Wigner-Ville变换对管道和抽油杆缺陷的导波检测信号进行了分析处理。实验结果表明,进行小波变换后,缺陷回波信号的信噪比大大提高,直径仅1mm的小孔缺陷可容易地被识别出来,准确检测出其位置;通过对信号进行Wigner-Ville的相关变换,可同时在时频两域内对缺陷的回波信号进行分析,使缺陷辨别起来简单易行。两种信号处理方法的超声导波应用研究为以后导波信号的处理提供了新的实现依据。     

小波分析技术在陀螺故障诊断中的应用研究

小波分析是一种全新的时一频两维分析技术，其对高频突变信号和低频缓变信号的分析有其独特的优点。本文分析了小波分析技术的原理，提出了将其引入机械设备故障诊断中的方法。通过对有故障陀螺振动信号的多尺度分析，研究故障信号小波变换轴心轨迹分量图，建立典型故障特征模型，从而对单故障及多故障问题进行分析与诊断。     

MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE-FLUID SYSTEM IN A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

In this paper, multifractal analysis together with wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method is used to analyze the fluctuating signals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Singularity spectrum shows that the gas-particle flow in CFB has multifractal character. Motion behavior of the particle-fluid system of CFB can be described by singularity spectrum. Intermittency index can be used to determine the transition of flow regime from fast fluidization to pneumatic conveying.     

LDA and PDA signal analysis using wavelets

A processing procedure is described that estimates the frequency and the arrival time from signals measured with a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and additionally, the phase difference and the time delay of signals measured with a phase Doppler anemometer (PDA). The basis of the estimation procedure is a wavelet transform. The procedure described works iteratively, alternating between the time and the frequency domain. The performance of the estimator is compared to other estimation procedures and the Cramér-Rao lower bound using numerical simulations. Received: 18 May 2000/Accepted: 8 September 2000     

Wavelet packet based damage identification of beam structures

Most of vibration-based damage detection methods require the modal properties that are obtained from measured signals through the system identification techniques. However, the modal properties such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are not such a good sensitive indication of structural damage. The wavelet packet transform (WPT) is a mathematical tool that has a special advantage over the traditional Fourier transform in analyzing non-stationary signals. It adopts redundant basis functions and hence can provide an arbitrary time-frequency resolution. In this study, a damage detection index called wavelet packet energy rate index (WPERI), is proposed for the damage detection of beam structures. The measured dynamic signals are decomposed into the wavelet packet components and the wavelet energy rate index is computed to indicate the structural damage. The proposed damage identification method is firstly illustrated with a simulated simply supported beam and the identified damage is satisfactory with assumed damage. Afterward, the method is applied to the tested steel beams with three damage scenarios in the laboratory. Despite the noise is present for real measurement data, the identified damage pattern is comparable with the tests. Both simulated and experimental studies demonstrated that the WPT-based energy rate index is a good candidate index that is sensitive to structural local damage.     

小波分析在捷联惯导陀螺信号滤波中的应用

介绍了小波变换和多分辨率分析理论。针对捷联惯导系统中光纤陀螺输出信号的特点，对其进行小波变换，去除信号中高频部分的噪声，从而抑制了陀螺的随机漂移。通过仿真实验，肯定了使用小波分析算法对陀螺输出信号进行滤波消噪处理的可行性。在实际用于捷联惯导系统中的实验结果表明，有效地提高了系统的精度。     

基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析

为了深入研究爆破地震波特性,应用小波变换方法对具有短时非平稳特点的爆破振动信号进行了能量分布特征分析。根据小波变换的时-频特性和分层分解展开关系,将爆破振动时间历史信号用分层重构信号进行扫描,应用这些信号得到了不同频率带上爆破振动的相对能量分布和振动强度的时间变化规律。爆破振动信号实测结果分析表明,基于小波变换的能量分布特征分析可以更准确地给出爆破振动信号的细节信息。研究结果为分析爆破振动结构安全性提供了新的途径。     

基于小波理论的悬臂板压电动力控制模式

采用Daubechies小波理论的尺度函数变换，建立了由压电片感应器（sensors）的观测电量识别悬臂板结构变形的一一对应显式关系，从而克服了传统模态方法因逆矩阵求解在某些情形下得不到保证而导致观测失效的不足．随后基于小波尺度函数变换，对于悬臂板建立了具有位移与速度信号反馈的压电致动控制动力模式．由于小波尺度函数逼近具有自动滤除高频分量的能力，建立的控制模式将不会出现由观测溢出与控制溢出耦会造成的不稳定性．数值结果表明：控制方法在抑制外界干扰方面要快于传统方法．     

地下工程爆破振动信号能量分布特征的小波包分析

根据爆破振动信号具有短时非平稳的特点 ,利用小波包分析技术对地下工程爆破振动信号的能量分布特征进行了研究。首先 ,简略介绍了小波变换与小波包分析的特点 ;其次 ,基于MATLAB(MaterialsLab oratory)对段药量和爆源距离等不同条件下记录的 8条爆破振动信号进行小波包分析 ,得到了爆破振动信号在不同频带上的能量分布图 ;最后 ,分析了爆破振动信号能量的分布特征。本分析手段为研究地下工程爆破地震效应特别是振动速度 频率相关安全准则提供了一种有效的分析技术。     

Analysis of nonlinear chaotic vibrations of shallow shells of revolution by using the wavelet transform

In the present paper, we study complex vibrations of flexible axisymmetric shallow shells under the action of transverse sing-alternating pressure. In addition to the traditional methods of nonlinear dynamics, we for the first time use the wavelet transform to analyze the transition from harmonic to chaotic vibrations. We analyze the use of Gauss-type wavelets (the order of derivatives varies from m = 1 to m = 8) and also the use of the Morlet wavelet (both real and complex). We conclude that the use of the complex Morlet wavelet is preferable to that of the Gaussian wavelets: the more zero moments a wavelet has, the better it describes the complex vibrations of flexible shallow shells.     

摩擦振动信号谐波小波包特征提取

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上进行了船用柴油机缸套-活塞环摩擦配副摩擦磨损试验,应用谐波小波包变换分析了不同磨损状态下的摩擦振动信号.结果表明:谐波小波包变换可提取微弱的摩擦振动特征.当磨损机制为轻微的黏着磨损时,摩擦振动信号的频谱以边频为主,没有明显的固有频率,平均幅值小;当磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主时,摩擦振动信号的频谱出现较大峰值的固有频率,但仍存在大量的边频,平均幅值变大;当磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主时,摩擦振动信号频谱的固有频率更加明显,边频显著减弱,平均幅值最大.因此,谐波小波包变换可实现微弱摩擦振动信号的特征提取.     

Spectral-temporal filtering of NDT data using wavelet transform modulus maxima

In this paper, a method is described for the filtering of non-destructive testing (NDT) signals. By employing wavelet transform modulus maxima filtering in the time–frequency plane, it allows the high frequency components associated with features within the signal to be retained while high frequency components associated with both signal ring down and noise are removed. The method is applied to sonic echo signals associated with the NDT of piled foundations. The method allows for spectral-temporal filtering of the signal and offers a superior partitioning of the signal of interest from both noise and ringdown artefact. The method has applications in the elucidation of other signals.