A=130区核高自旋态及形状驱动效应

通过重离子核反应与在束γ谱的实验技术, 对A=130缺中子核区的¹³⁴Ce,¹³⁶La与¹²²Cs核的高自旋态进行了研究, 实验结果扩展了¹³⁴Ce,¹³⁶La与¹²²Cs的能级纲图. 由于在此区内质子与中子的形状驱动效应, 在这3个核中各自形成了具有显著特点的集体转动带: ¹³⁴Ce$核的高自旋态结构中呈现出具有不同γ形变的形状共存特性;在¹³⁶La中，扩展了πh_11/2⊙νh_11/2带, 对其特性进行了讨论, 并发现了两个γ≈－60°的扁椭形变带; 在¹²²Cs$中发现可能是属于手征二重带的结构. 而对于在最近国外报道的¹³⁴Ce$核中的磁转动带没有被我们的实验所证实.     

丰中子核区奇A核八极形变及A=130区一些缺中子核高自旋态研究

对近几年来清华大学物理系核物理研究组原子核高自旋态实验研究的一些新进展进行了介绍.内容包括两个部分:第一部分介绍通过国际合作,利用测量裂变瞬发γ谱方法对A=140丰中子核区的奇A核^143,145Ba,^145,147La等的极形变研究的进展.第二部分简述对A=130缺中子核区的^134,137,138Ce及¹²²Ba等核高自旋态研究,包括形状驱动、八极关联、集体回弯等效应.     

134Ce核的高自旋态与形状共存

在中国原子能科学研究院H13串列加速器上,通过重离子核反应¹²²Sn(¹⁶O,4n)对A=130缺中子核区的¹³⁴Ce核的高自旋态进行了研究,建立了¹³⁴Ce的新的能级纲图,最高自旋态扩展到22.然而实验结果与近期发表的134Ce核的高自旋态结果不同,所谓在¹³⁴Ce核中存在的磁转动带结构不能被实验证实.对实验结果的分析表明,¹³⁴Ce核的高自旋态结构呈现出重要的形状共存特性在基带以上的回弯处的10+态起源于两个中子组态,基于此10+态的转动带具有γ≈–60°的扁椭形变;另一个10+同质异能态为yrast陷阱,也起源于两中子组态,为具有γ≈–120°的长椭形状;而由两个signature伙伴带组成的强耦合带,则起源于h_11/2与g_7/2质子组态,为具有γ≈0°的长椭形变带.     

A～130过渡区核的高自旋态研究

评述了Ａ～１３０过渡区Ｉ、Ｘｅ、Ｃｓ和Ｂａ核的高自旋核结构研究．在这些核中观测到的极为丰富的核结构现象,如质子中子转排竞争、形状共存、带终结、带交叉延迟、Ｓｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅ反转和八极关联等与这些核的价质子、价中子都位于ｈ１１／２支壳及这些核易产生γ形变有关. The studies of high spins states of A ～130 transitional I,Xe,Cs and Ba nuclei are reviewed. The variety of nuclear structure, such as proton neutron alignment competition, shape coexistance, band termination, crossing delay, signature inversion, octupole correlation, etc. observed in these nuclei is closely related to that both the valence proton and neutron of these nuclei are located in the h 11/2 subsell and the nuclei are soft against the γ deformation.     

^95Zr核的高自旋态研究

利用102MeV的^28Si束流，通过^60Ni(^28Si，2pn)熔合蒸发反应布居了^85Zr核的高自旋态，测量了γ-γ符合及DCO比值，建立了一个有43条能级，75条γ跃迁的能级纲图，新增加了36条γ跃迁，25条能级。将能级自旋推高到（49/2^ ），首次观察到了转边带的第二回弯。并确认了一条建立在17/2^-负字称带上的磁转动带。     

A=135核区N=79的同中异位素高自旋结构研究

摘要: 对清华大学在束γ谱实验组近年来在A=135缺中子核区N=79的同中异位素 135Ba, 137Ce和 139Nd的高自旋态实验研究进行了介绍。 实验是在中国原子能科学研究院HI 13串列加速器上用在束γ的实验技术、 分别通过重离子核反应 130Te(9Be, 4n), 124Sn(18O, 5n), 128Te(16O, 5n)进行的。 实验结果扩展了这3个核的高自旋态能级纲图。 研究表明, 这3个核的低自旋态结构均起源于 νh-111/2空穴与其偶偶核芯的耦合。 用粒子 转子模型对其结构进行了计算, 得到这3个核的形变参量γ值均稍大于30°, 为偏向于扁椭的三轴形变, 从而可看出Ba, Ce和Nd 3个同位素链在低自旋态下由长椭边到扁椭边的形状转变都发生在中子数N=77—79之间。 对于中等自旋态下一些能级的组态进行了指定与系统学比较。 在高自旋态下, 在 137Ce中发现一条γ≈－60°的扁椭形变带, 在 139Nd中则发现3条这样的扁椭形变带, 对这些扁椭形变带的起源及结构特性进行了讨论。 The progress of research on the high spin states at N=79 isotopes 135Ba, 137Ce and 139Nd in A=135 neutron deficient region by the research group of Tsinghua University has been reviewed. The experiments were carried out by using in beam γ ray spectroscopy technology and heavy ion nuclear reactions 130Te(9Be, 4n), 124Sn(18O, 5n) and 128Te(16O, 5n) at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The high spin level schemes of these nuclei have been expanded. The results indicate that the lower spin states of these nuclei originated from νh-111/2 hole state coupling with the neighboring even even nucleus cores. All the deformation parameters γ values of these three isotones are larger than 30°, which indicates that they have triaxial deformation with oblate side. The prolate oblate transition in Ba, Ce and Nd isotopic chains indeed happens between N=77 and N=79. Through systematical comparison with the neighboring isotones, the configurations for some middle spin state levels have been assigned. At the high spin states, one oblate band in 137Ce and three ones in 139Nd with γ≈ -60° were discovered. The origination and structural character of these oblate bands have been discussed.     

85Zr核的高自旋态研究

利用102MeV的28Si束流,通过60Ni(28Si,2pn)熔合蒸发反应布居了85Zr核的高自旋态,测量了γ-γ符合及DCO比值,建立了一个有43条能级,75条γ跃迁的能级纲图,新增加了36条γ跃迁,25条能级.将能级自旋推高到(49/2+),首次观察到了转晕带的第二回弯.并确认了一条建立在17/2-负宇称带上的磁转动带.     

78Kr高自旋态的形状共存

用熔合蒸发反应 58Ni(2 3Na,3p) (Ein=70 Me V)和 58Ni(2 8Si,α4p) (Ein=1 30 Me V)研究了78Kr的高自旋态 ,用美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的γ球测量了实验中产生的瞬时符合事件,对新发现的一个负宇称带用多普勒位移衰减法对 1 0 0 4 ke V(1 0 -→ 8-)和 873ke V(8-→ 6-)作了多普勒展宽谱线形状测量 .得到了负宇称带 1 0 -态能级的寿命τ=(2 .2± 0 .3) ps,8-态能级的寿命τ=(1 .6± 0 .2 ) ps.故可知此负宇称带呈现长椭形变 ,与正宇称带的扁椭形变形状共存. Doppler shift attenuation lifetime measurements were performed in the 58 Ni( 23 Na,3p) reaction at 70 MeV and 58 Ni( 28 Si, α4p) reaction at 130 MeV. By analyzing the Doppler broadened line shapes of the 1 004 keV(10 -→8 -) negative parity transition in coincidence with depopulating transitions, the lifetime of the 10 - state has been deduced as τ =(2.2±0.3) ps. A similar analysis of 873 keV(8 -→6 -)transition gave values of τ =(1.6±0.2)...     

153Dy高自旋态的能级结构及缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数与自旋态的变化

通过在束γ谱的实验研究,建立了¹⁵³Dy的非常高的自旋态的能级图,最高自旋态为81/2.所用核反应为¹²²Sn(³⁶s,5n),束流能量165MeV.在同质异能态(I=47/2)以上,能级结构展示出极端复杂的单粒子跃迁特性.对缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数N及自旋态I变化的系统性进行了讨论     

Gamma Vibrational Bands and Chiral Doublet Bands in A≈100 Neutron-rich Nuclei

The level structures of neutron-rich ~(105)Mo,~(106)Mo,~(108)Mo and 110Ru nuclei in A≈100 region have been carefully investigated by coincidence measurements of the prompt γ-rays populated in the spontaneous fission of ~(252)Cf with the Gammasphere detector array.In 105Mo,one-phonon K =9/2 and two-phonon K=13/2 γ-vibrational bands have been identified.In ~(108)Mo,one-phonon γ-vibrational band is expanded and two-phonon γ-vibrational band has been identified.Two similar sets of bands in ~(106)Mo and ~(110)Ru are observed to high spins,which have been proposed as the soft chiral γ-vibrational bands.The characteristics for these γ-vibrational bands and chiral doublet bands have been discussed.     

Search for chiral bands in A ～ 110 neutron-rich nuclei

High spin states in A ～ 110 neutron-rich 106Mo, 110Ru and 112Ru nuclei have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt γ-rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf. Two similar sets of bands are observed to high spins in each of three nuclei. Through analyzing of characters of the band structures, the chiral doublet bands are suggested in 106Mo, 110Ru and 112Ru.     

Search for chiral bands in A~110 neutron-rich nuclei

High spin states in A~110 neutron-rich ¹⁰⁶Mo, ¹¹⁰Ru and ¹¹²Ru nuclei have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt γ-rays from the spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf. Two similar sets of bands are observed to high spins in each of three nuclei. Through analyzing of characters of the band structures, the chiral doublet bands are suggested in ¹⁰⁶Mo, ¹¹⁰Ru and ¹¹²Ru.     

125Cs的能级结构

通过116Cd(14N,5n),Ebeam=65MeV的核反应布居了125Cs的高自旋态.利用在束γ谱学实验方法,进行了γ-γ符合测量,使已知的125Cs核能级纲图得到了扩展,并且修正了某些组态的带头激发能.High-spin states in odd-A nucleus~(125)Cs have been studied via the~(116)Cd(~(14)N, 5n) reaction at 65 MeV bombarding energy. γ-γ coincidences were recorded with the NORDBALL detector array at Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark. After careful data analysis, most of the previously-known bands have been confirmed and 5 new rotational sequences have been identified. Spin/parity and configuration assignments are tentatively proposed for all of the observed bands. In addition, the bandheads of the 9/2~(+)and (1/2~...     

High spin properties of 124Ba

The ¹²⁴Ba nucleus is investigated on the basis of the method of statistical mechanics by assuming the nucleons to move in triaxially deformed Nilsson potential. The variation in the Fermi energies of protons and neutrons is studied as a function of spin and temperature. The Fermi energies determined as a function of angular momentum is used to study the dependence of shell correction on angular momentum using the Strutinsky smoothing procedure. The most important observation is that the shell correction is almost the same for all spins for ¹²⁴Ba. The spin cutoff parameter and the single particle level density parameter are studied as a function of spin and temperature. Constant entropy lines drawn by plotting the excitation energy against angular momentum are found to be roughly at constant energy above the yrast line and are almost equally spaced. It is observed that no yrast traps are present for ¹²⁴Ba.     

126Cs的高自旋态能级结构

利用融合蒸发反应¹¹⁶Cd(¹⁴N,4n)¹²⁶Cs布居了¹²⁶Cs的高自旋态.观测到了100多条新的γ跃迁和相应的能级,建立了双奇核¹²⁶Cs由9个转动带构成的能级纲图.尝试性地指定了大部分能级的自旋和宇称以及各转动带的Nilsson单粒子组态.极大地丰富了已有的实验结果.     

129Ce高自旋态的形状变化

通过¹¹⁶Sn(¹⁶O,3n)¹²⁹Ce反应,利用多普勒移动衰减法测量了¹²⁹Ce高自旋态的寿命.得到的跃迁四极矩表明¹²⁹Ce的集体性相对于核芯¹²⁸Ce减弱.这个因增加一个h_11/2中子而引起集体性的降低可以解释为由于形状驱动效应产生三轴形变所造成的.正、负宇称带的跃迁四极矩与角动量的关系呈现相似的变化趋势,推测一对h_11/2准质子可能对核芯性质起主要作用.     

An Interesting Spin-State Transition for [Fe(PPIX)OH] Induced by High Pressure in a Diamond Anvil Cell

Hyperfine Interactions - A high-pressure Mössbauer spectroscopic study of [57Fe(PPIX)OH] is reported under conditions where the pressure is increased and then released. Data were recorded over...