手性胍催化酮与1,4-二噻烷-2,5-二醇的串联反应

合成了三种轴手性多氢键胍催化剂,并将其用于催化α,β-不饱和酮和1,4-二噻烷-2,5-二醇的不对称Sulfa-Michael/Aldol串联反应。研究表明:在室温(25℃)时,2mL THF作为溶剂,轴手性胍(1c)作为催化剂,催化剂1c用量为10mol%,能较好地串联该反应,并以较好的收率(75～88%)和较高的对映选择性(80～89%ee)以及较好的非对映选择性(94∶6 dr)获得了目标产物。     

Sc(OTf)_3/Bis(oxazoline)复合物催化的2-芳基-1,3-茚二酮与2-乙烯基吲哚的不对称Diels-Alder反应:高效构建四氢咔唑螺茚酮衍生物

报道了Sc(OTf)3/Bis(oxazoline)复合物催化的2-芳基-1,3-茚二酮与2-乙烯基吲哚的不对称Diels-Alder反应,简便、高效的构建了一系列手性四氢咔唑螺茚酮衍生物.通过考察不同的金属盐和手性配体、溶剂、温度等因素对反应的影响,获得了优良的收率(up to 92%yield)和优异的对映选择性(up to 94%ee).该反应条件温和,具有宽广的底物适用范围和较好的官能团兼容性.     

有机催化异氰基乙酸甲酯与芳香醛亚胺的不对称Mannich反应

将金鸡纳生物碱衍生物用于有机催化异氰基乙酸甲酯与芳香醛亚胺的不对称Mannich反应。 考察溶剂、温度及催化剂用量对反应催化性能的影响。 结果表明,最佳催化条件为摩尔分数10%催化剂1b,甲苯为溶剂,4A型分子筛,室温反应。 产物产率为55%~80%,对映选择性最高达82%ee(对映体过量值)和非对映选择性(dr)达到>99：1。     

铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应合成手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃（英文）

手性2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.它们也经常被用于手性四氢呋喃化合物的不对称合成.因此,人们发展了很多合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃化合物的方法,如有机小分子催化的多米诺迈克尔-烷基化反应、"中断的"Feist-Bénary反应或改进的Feist-Bénary反应.此外,过渡金属催化的手性2,3-二氢呋喃的不对称合成在近些年引起了人们的极大关注.Ozawa等通过Pd-催化2,3-二氢呋喃的动力拆分方法获得了手性2-芳基-2,3-二氢呋喃.Evans发展了一种Sc-催化联烯硅和乙醛酸乙酯的[3+2]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.最近,Fu和Tang等发展了Cu催化烯酮和重氮化合物的[4+1]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.在Nishibayashi和vanMaarseveen的开创性工作之后,Cu催化的不对称炔丙基转化反应取得了很大的进展.最近,我们发展了一类新的三齿手性P,N,N-配体,在Cu催化不对称炔丙基取代、脱羧炔丙基取代、[3+2]、[3+3]和[4+2]环加成反应中表现出优秀的对映和非对映选择性.其中,我们发现采用Cu催化炔丙醇酯和β-酮酯的[3+2]环加成反应,能高对映选择性地获得手性2,3-二氢呋喃.我们设想,采用β-羰基膦酸酯代替β-酮酯,通过这种Cu催化[3+2]环加成反应,将可以合成一类具有重要生物活性的手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.基于这种设想,本文使用手性P,N,N-配体,通过Cu催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以很好的收率和最高92%ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.我们以炔丙醇酯1a与β-羰基膦酸酯2a为标准底物,优化了反应条件,考察了配体、Cu盐、碱和反应温度等对反应收率和对映选择性的影响.我们确定了最佳的反应条件:以4b为配体,以Cu(OTf)_2为铜盐,以t-BuOK为碱,以MeOH为溶剂,–20oC反应24h.在此条件下,我们对β-羰基磷酸酯2的适用范围进行了考察.结果表明,各种苯基取代的β-羰膦磷酸酯均能得到很好的收率和对映选择性.苯环上取代基的空间效应对反应的对映选择性影响不大,但对反应收率影响较大,与相应3-取代或4-取代底物相比较,2-取代的底物获得的收率较低.苯环对位取代基的电子效应对反应的影响不大,给电子基或吸电子基的底物,均得到了较好的收率和对映选择性.杂环取代的底物同样适用于该反应,以90%的收率和89%ee的对映选择性获得了相应的[3+2]环加成产物.对于烷基底物,虽然反应的产率略低,但是得到了高达92%ee的产物.此外,我们对炔丙醇酯底物的适用范围也进行了考察.结果表明,该体系对于各种取代的炔丙醇酯底物均可以获得较高的收率和良好的对映选择性.总之,本文发展了一种铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应的方法,成功合成了手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿P,N,N-配体,以很好的收率和最高92%ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.     

手性路易斯碱催化N-酰基烯胺不对称还原

首次利用手性哌啶酰胺类和叔丁基亚磺酰胺类路易斯碱催化三氯氢硅对N-酰基烯胺的不对称还原反应,以优良的收率(＞90%)和中等的对映选择性( 2%ee～36%ee)获得了相应的N-酰基手性胺产物.     

硫脲衍生物有机催化蒽酮与硝基烯烃的不对称Michael加成反应

将硫脲衍生物用于有机催化蒽酮和β-硝基烯烃的不对称Michael加成反应.考察溶剂、温度及催化剂用量等对反应催化性能的影响.结果表明,最佳催化条件为5%(摩尔百分数)催化剂1f,二氯甲烷为溶剂,室温反应.得到了80%~97%的化学产率和最高达99%ee的对映选择性.     

手性膦烯配体在铑催化的芳基硼酸对β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯不对称共轭加成反应中的应用

报道了手性膦烯配体在金属铑催化的芳基硼酸对β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯不对称共轭加成中的应用.经过系统的反应条件筛选和配体结构优化,发现含手性1,1'-联-2-萘酚骨架的膦烯配体L7与Rh(I)形成的催化剂可以高对映选择性地实现β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯化合物的不对称1,4-加成反应.此反应体系条件温和,底物普适性广,并取得了较高的收率(up to 95%)和优秀的对映选择性(up to 99%ee),为合成手性偕二芳基取代的磺酸酯类化合物提供了一种新方法.     

乙二胺三氟乙酸盐催化硝基烷烃与芳香醛缩合制备各种取代的硝基烯烃

描述了乙二胺三氟乙酸盐(EDA-TFA)催化硝基烷烃与芳香醛缩合制备各种取代硝基烯烃的通用方法.文中考察了乙二胺与各种酸的铵盐以及三氟乙酸与各种胺的铵盐对醛与硝基烷烃缩合反应的催化性能,并考察了不同溶剂对反应的影响,研究发现乙二胺三氟乙酸盐(EDA-TFA)催化能力相对较强,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作溶剂反应收率较高.在5mol%的EDA-TFA作催化剂以及DMSO作溶剂情况下,硝基烷烃与芳香醛进行"一锅法"缩合反应,以82%~96%高收率得到各种取代的硝基烯烃.     

一个新的Cu(II)-二胺配合物催化的Henry反应

研究了L-脯氨酸制得的C2-对称二胺,与醋酸铜形成新的配合物,催化各种醛与硝基烷烃间的Henry反应。 考察了反应温度、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率和反应速率的影响。 研究结果表明,在室温下,以乙醇作为反应溶剂时,摩尔分数10%的二胺醋酸铜配合物能够有效地催化醛与硝基甲烷反应,生成相应的β-硝基醇,收率为60%~92%。 醛与硝基乙烷的Henry反应产物具有非对映立体选择性。 芳香醛参与Henry反应产物的非对映选择性高达24∶1,但脂肪醛为底物时,此催化剂对Henry反应的非对映选择性不明显。     

脯氨酸衍生的胺基吡啶四氮锰配合物催化双氧水参与的烯烃不对称环氧化反应（英文）

自然界中存在许多的金属酶,它们参与促进各种各样的氧化反应,例如羟化反应,环氧化反应等.金属酶催化的反应具有催化效率高、反应条件温和、选择性高等优点.受大自然中的金属酶结构及其性质的启发,人们提出了仿生催化氧化的理念,并开始对金属酶进行模拟,致力于发展清洁氧化的反应方式.在过去的几十年中,科学家们设计合成了一系列仿生金属配合物催化剂.例如,利用非手性的乙二胺骨架设计合成出四齿氮配体MEP(N,N'-dimethylN,N'-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine),将其制备成相应的铁配合物催化剂,该铁催化剂可以很好的实现脂肪族烯烃的环氧化,产率高达90%.2003年,Stack小组首次报道了利用手性N,N-二甲基环己二胺骨架衍生的四齿氮配体金属配合物Mn-MCP-(OTf)2(MCP=N,N-dimethyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine)催化的不对称环氧化反应.该反应的对映选择性仅仅为10%.因此,发展新型手性四氮配体金属配合物,用于高产率、高对映选择性的不对称环氧化反应,值得进行深入研究.近年来发展的一些含手性二胺骨架的四齿氮配体,例如PDP(2-[[2-(1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]pyridine),被应用到不对称环氧化反应中,但是其手性二胺骨架为联吡咯,价格昂贵,难以制备.这在很大程度上限制了其在不对称合成中的实际应用.因此,利用一些易于合成的手性二胺骨架,发展结构新颖、催化性能优良的四氮金属配合物,成为实现高效、高选择性不对称环氧化反应的关键.在之前的工作基础上,本文以简单易得、价格低廉的天然氨基酸——L-脯氨酸为起始原料,选取吡啶环和含取代基的吡啶环作为侧基氮供体,制备了三种手性四齿氮配体.随后,我们利用新发展的手性四齿氮配体,合成了相应的锰配合物,并且分别将其运用于烯烃不对称环氧化反应中,仔细评估了这些锰金属配合物的催化性能.建立了以0.2 mol%的锰配合物为催化剂,0.5当量的2,2-二甲基丁酸为添加剂,30%双氧水为氧化剂,反应温度为–30 oC,乙腈为溶剂的催化不对称环氧化反应体系.反应结果显示:该催化剂催化的不对称环氧化反应底物适用性广泛,其中苯乙烯、苯并吡喃、烯酰胺等化合物均可以被成功地转化为相应的环氧化物,得到中等至优异的对映选择性(产率最高可达95%,对映选择性最高可达99%).     

Asymmetric syn-selective Henry reaction catalyzed by the sulfonyldiamine-CuCl-pyridine system

A catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction has been developed with use of a sulfonyldiamine-CuCl complex as a catalyst. A series of new binaphthyl-containing sulfonyldiamine ligands (2a-h) were readily synthesized in two steps starting from commercially available chiral 1,2-diamines. The (R,R)-diamine-(R)-binaphthyl ligand (2d)-CuCl complex smoothly catalyzed the enantioselective Henry reaction with the assistance of pyridine to give the corresponding adduct with high enantiomeric excess (up to 93%). Moreover, the 2d-CuCl-pyridine system promotes the diastereoselective Henry reaction in syn-selective manner to give the adduct in up to 99% yield with 92:8 syn/ anti selectivity. The enantiomeric excess of the syn-adduct was 84% ee.     

Chiral iminophosphorane catalyzed asymmetric Henry reaction of α,β-alkynyl ketoesters

α,β-Alkynyl ketoesters were introduced to the enantioselective Henry reaction (nitroaldol condensation) with nitromethane catalyzed by tartaric acid derived chiral iminophosphoranes. As such, a variety of optically active β-nitro-substituted tertiary alcohols bearing alkyne moieties were obtained in good to excellent yields (42%-99%) and moderate to good level of enantiomeric excess (up to 87% ee).     

Direct, catalytic enantioselective nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of trifluoromethyl ketones: an asymmetric entry to alpha-trifluoromethyl-substituted quaternary carbons

Herein we describe the first direct, catalytic enantioselective nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of simple alpha-trifluoromethyl ketones with nitromethane using a chiral monometallic lanthanum(III) triflate salt complex, namely [(Delta,S,S,S)-Binolam]3.La(OTf)3, as enantioselective catalyst. The resulting alpha-trifluoromethyl tertiary nitroaldols were obtained in moderate to high yields (up to 93%) and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). These adducts are versatile chiral building blocks and may be reduced (NiCl2/NaBH4) to their beta-amino-alpha-trifluoromethyl tertiary alcohols without loss of enantiomeric purity.     

Practical asymmetric Henry reaction catalyzed by a chiral diamine-Cu(OAc)2 complex

The chiral diamine ligand 3 was designed and synthesized from (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, (S)-2,2'-dibromomethyl-1,1'-binaphthalene, and o-xylylene dibromide. The resulting 3-Cu(OAc)2 complex was a highly efficient catalyst for the Henry reaction, giving the various nitroaldols with over 90% ee (up to >99%). The reaction was performed in n-propyl alcohol at room temperature, and the Henry adducts were produced in high yield with excellent enantiomeric excess; these attributes are desirable in a catalyst for practical use.     

Synthesis of novel chiral Schiff-base ligands and their application in asymmetric nitro aldol (Henry) reaction

Chiral Schiff-bases prepared from chiral amino alcohols catalyze the enantioselective Henry (nitro aldol) reaction between nitromethane and p-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of Cu(OTf)₂ and Zn(OTf)₂. Zn(OTf)₂ promoted the reaction yield, while Cu(OTf)₂ promoted the enantiomeric excess. The highest enantioselectivities were observed with ligand 3 (44% ee) and ligand 5 (47% ee).     

Asymmetric Henry reactions of aldehydes with various nitroalkanes catalyzed by copper(II) complexes of novel chiral N‐monoalkyl cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamines

A number of novel chiral diamines 3 , (1R,2R)‐N‐monoalkylcyclohexane‐1,2‐diamines, were designed and synthesized from trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine and applied to the catalytic asymmetric Henry reaction of benzaldehyde and nitromethane to provide β‐nitroalcohol in high yield (up to 99%) and good enantiomeric excess (up to 89%). By using ligand (1R,2R)‐N¹‐(4‐methylpentan‐2‐yl)cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine ( 3g ), the reaction was optimized in terms of the metal ion, temperature, solvent and base. Further experiments indicated that the complex, 3g –Cu(OAc)₂, was an efficient catalyst in the asymmetric Henry reaction between different aldehydes and nitromethane, and the desired products have been obtained with high chemical yields (up to 99%) and high enantiomeric excess (up to 93%). The optimized catalyst promoted the diastereoselective Henry reaction of various aldehyde substrates and nitroalkane, which gave the corresponding anti‐selective adduct with up to 99% yield and 83:17 anti/syn selectivity. Upon scaling up to gram quantities, the β‐nitroalcohol was obtained in good yield (96%) with excellent selectivities (93% ee). The chiral induction mechanism was tentatively explained on the basis of a previously proposed transition‐state model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymmetric Henry reactions catalyzed by copper(II) complexes of chiral 1,2,4-triazine-oxazoline ligands: the impact of substitution in the oxazoline ring on ligand activity

An enantiomerically pure 1,2,4-triazine-oxazoline ligand with an indanol-derived substituent in the oxazoline ring has been synthesized using Buchwald–Hartwig amination of 3-bromo-1,2,4-triazine. The catalytic efficiency of the ligand was estimated in the asymmetric nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of nitromethane with several aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The appropriate nitroaldol products were formed in good yields (up to 91%) and with up to 92% ee. In order to investigate the influence of the conformational rigidity and the additional stereocenter in the oxazoline ring on the catalytic activity of the ligand, a 1,2,4-triazine-oxazoline ligand with two phenyl substituents in the oxazoline ring was synthesized and tested in the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction.     

Pyrrole macrocyclic ligands for Cu-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions

New chiral perazamacrocycles containing four pyrrole rings have been synthesized by the [2+2] condensation of (R,R)-diaminocyclohexane and 5,5'-(alkane-2,2-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehydes). These macrocycles, differing for the alkyl/aryl meso-substituents, were used as ligands in the copper-catalyzed Henry reactions of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with nitroalkanes. In the optimized experimental conditions, the condensations of nitromethane and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper diacetate and methyl-substituted macrocyclic ligand (2:1 ratio) in ethanol at room temperature provided products often with high enantiomeric excesses (up to 95% ee). The positive influence of the macrocyclic structure on the efficiency/enantioselectivity of the catalytic system was demonstrated by comparison with the outcomes of Henry reactions performed using analogous macrocyclic ligands (trianglamines) and open-chain ligands derived from (R,R)-diaminocyclohexane.     

Synthesis and applications in Henry reactions of novel chiral thiazoline tridentate ligands

Several novel chiral tridentate ligands containing thiazoline were efficiently synthesized from commercially available l=cysteine in high yield. These ligands were subsequently applied to the asymmetric Henry reaction of nitromethane and various aldehydes. It was found that the structures of the thiazoline ligands had a significant influence on the enantioselectivity. It was shown that the optimal catalyst for this reaction was a ligand complexed with CuCl, which was formed from chiral thiazoline with chiral aminoalcohol. At ?20°C, with 10 mol% of this ligand, a product with (S)‐configuration was isolated in 93% yield and 98% enantiomeric excess. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Catalytic, highly enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds to trifluoropyruvate. A simple approach for the formation of optically active aromatic and heteroaromatic hydroxy trifluoromethyl esters.

A new catalytic enantioselective synthetic method for the formation of optically active aromatic and heteroaromatic hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters is presented. This catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of trifluoromethyl pyruvate with aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is catalyzed by a chiral bisoxazoline copper(II) complex and proceeds in good yield and with high enantiomeric excess. For a series of substituted indoles, the corresponding 3-substituted hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters are formed in up to 93% yield and 94% ee. Pyrrole and 2-substituted pyrroles also react with trifluoromethyl pyruvate in a highly enantioselective aromatic electrophilic reaction and up to 93% ee and good yields are obtained. Furanes and thiophenes give the corresponding 2-hydroxy-trifluoromethyl ethyl esters in high enantiomeric excess; however, the yields of the products are only moderate. Various types of aromatic compounds react in this catalytic reaction with trifluoromethyl pyruvate to give the aromatic electrophilic addition product in good yield. To obtain high enantiomeric excess (> 80% ee) it is necessary that aromatic amines are protected with sterically demanding protecting groups such as benzyl or allyl. This prevents coordination of the amine nitrogen atom to the catalyst, as aromatic amines having a N,N-dimethyl group probably coordinate to the catalyst, leading to a significant reduction of the enantioselective properties of the catalyst. On the basis of the experimental results and the absolute configuration of the formed chiral center, the mechanism for the catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction is discussed.