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Global warming will certainly affect the abundance and distribution of disease vectors. The effect of global warming, however, depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infectious agent. In this work we review some mathematical models that were proposed to study the impact of the increase in ambient temperature on the spread and gravity of some insect-transmitted diseases. 相似文献
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Stefan Koelsch 《Physics of life reviews》2011,8(2):125-128
Processing of meaning is critical for language perception, and therefore the majority of research on meaning processing has focused on the semantic, lexical, conceptual, and propositional processing of language. However, music is another a means of communication, and meaning also emerges from the interpretation of musical information. This article provides a framework for the investigation of the processing of musical meaning, and reviews neuroscience studies investigating this issue. These studies reveal two neural correlates of meaning processing, the N400 and the N5 (which are both components of the event-related electric brain potential). Here I argue that the N400 can be elicited by musical stimuli due to the processing of extra-musical meaning, whereas the N5 can be elicited due to the processing of intra-musical meaning. Notably, whereas the N400 can be elicited by both linguistic and musical stimuli, the N5 has so far only been observed for the processing of meaning in music. Thus, knowledge about both the N400 and the N5 can advance our understanding of how the human brain processes meaning information. 相似文献
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E.A. Drage K.M. Smith E. Vasekova N.J. Mason 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2006,98(1):44-56
High-resolution (0.03 cm−1) absolute infrared photoabsorption cross sections of bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br) and tetrafluoroethylene (C2F4) have been measured using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at temperatures between 213 and 296 K. The measured cross sections were subsequently used to estimate the radiative forcings and the global warming potentials of these two species. 相似文献
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Z.N. Begum 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2005,95(3):423-427
Continental regions are experiencing rapid environmental changes due to expansion of industrial activities and land uses in different types of agricultural productions, burning of fossil fuels, etc., which lead to the emanation of huge amount of smog aerosol particulates and chemicals in the atmosphere. Information about these chemical tracers has been found from Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports as well as from other sources. The results of these computations may be interpreted by the chemical tracer transport model. In this paper, we have used a global atmospheric model in which the optical properties and the concentrations of the chemical tracers and aerosols have been incorporated. The aerosols and chemicals are transported in the atmospheric environment by the model cumulus convection and through the model semi-Lagrangian advection process . Thus, they are globally distributed along with the wind flow. The model has been used in studying the impact of the tropospheric chemical perturbations on the global environment. 相似文献
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The absorption spectrum of the 18O enriched carbon dioxide has been recorded at Doppler limited resolution with a Fourier transform spectrometer in the spectral range 3800-8500 cm−1. Seventeen cold bands (14Σ-Σ and 3Σ-Π) and nine hot bands (9Π-Π) of 12C18O2, nineteen cold bands (18Σ-Σ and 1Σ-Π) and eighteen hot bands (6Σ-Σ, 9Π-Π and 3Δ-Δ) of 16O12C18O have been observed. Among them, 14 12C18O2 bands and 12 16O12C18O bands are observed for the first time. The spectroscopic parameters Gv, Bv, and centrifugal distortion constants, have been determined for all observed bands. Effective Hamiltonian parameters for the 12C18O2 isotopic species are retrieved from the global fitting of the observed line positions presented in this paper and collected from the literature. As the result, 65 obtained effective Hamiltonian parameters reproduce 5443 observed line positions of 73 12C18O2 bands with RMS = 0.00145 cm−1. 相似文献
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The effect of oxygen/cobalt off-stoichiometry upon magnetism in CaBaCo4O7 has been investigated. It is shown that the oxides CaBaCo4O7+δ and CaBaCo4−xO7−δ (0≤x≤0.20) synthesized below 1100 °C in air exhibit phase separation, where ferrimagnetic regions with TC~56 K to 64 K coexist with regions of magnetic clusters. The latter are detected from ac-susceptibility measurements, which show various frequency dependent peaks at ~14–20 K, 37 K, and 45 K, depending on the stoichiometry. The origin of this phenomenon is attributed to the great sensitivity of the material to oxidation as the synthesis of temperature is lowered, leading to the introduction of additional Co3+ cations, with respect to the ideal formula CaBaCo22+Co23+O7. This excess Co3+ tends to destroy the ferromagnetic zig-zag chains of the ferrimagnetic structure and creates various cobalt spin clusters, leading to the inherent phase separation in the samples. 相似文献
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Z.N. Begum 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2004,86(3):235-240
Radiative forcings due to aerosols and the pollutant gases accumulated as haze which are transported from nearby continent to the tropical ocean are essentially important elements of the world climate system. Vertical transport of aerosols and gaseous species takes place within the deep convective cloud clusters of the inter-tropical convergence zone and subsequently these are distributed by the upper atmospheric zonal wind flow, thereby have impact on the global atmospheric environment. The comprehensive global atmospheric models have shown capability of simulating the climate of the atmosphere with proper forcing. We have deduced the radiative forcing, optical depth and the global energy balance components by a global atmospheric model. The results are validated well with INDOEX and other available observational findings. 相似文献
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The author of the comment objects to the characterization and the interpretation of magnetoresistance (MR) effects observed by us in La1−xCaxMnO3 (0≤x<0.4) samples. In this reply, arguments are used to show that the samples' characterization and explanation of the MR by considering the role of the short-charge ordering (CO) regions and magnetic domains are reasonable and acceptable. 相似文献
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The global analysis of the infrared spectrum of chloromethane involving the ground state and the 13 vibrational states lying up to 2600 cm−1 is reported. This work incorporates and extends to the fifth polyad, the preliminary study of the lower four polyads published by [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 221 (2003) 199]. More than 20 000 transitions (including numerous hot bands) for each isotopomer 12CH335Cl and 12CH337Cl have been assigned and fitted with a standard deviation of about 3 × 10−4 cm−1 close to the experimental precision. A common set of 288 (resp. 303) effective parameters was determined for each isotopomer. Our global model allowed us to reproduce simultaneously and accurately the resonances already encountered in Polyad 3 and the new ones involved in Polyad 5. 相似文献