Some congruences for traces of singular moduli

We address a question posed by Ono [Ken Ono, The Web of Modularity: Arithmetic of the Coefficients of Modular Forms and q-Series, CBMS Reg. Conf. Ser. Math., vol. 102, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2004, Problem 7.30], prove a general result for powers of an arbitrary prime, and provide an explanation for the appearance of higher congruence moduli for certain small primes. One of our results overlaps but does not coincide with a recent result of Jenkins [Paul Jenkins, p-Adic properties for traces of singular moduli, Int. J. Number Theory 1 (1) (2005) 103-107]. This result essentially coincides with a recent result of Edixhoven [Bas Edixhoven, On the p-adic geometry of traces of singular moduli, preprint, 2005, math.NT/0502213 v1], and we hope that the comparison of the methods, which are entirely different, may reveal a connection between the p-adic geometry and the arithmetic of half-integral weight Hecke operators.     

Kloosterman sums and traces of singular moduli

We give a new proof of some identities of Zagier relating traces of singular moduli to the coefficients of certain weakly holomorphic half integral weight modular forms. These identities play a central role in Zagier's work on the infinite product isomorphism introduced by Borcherds. In addition, we derive a simple expression for writing twisted traces of singular moduli as infinite series.     

Exact formulas for traces of singular moduli of higher level modular functions

Zagier proved that the traces of singular values of the classical j-invariant are the Fourier coefficients of a weight 3/2 modular form and Duke provided a new proof of the result by establishing an exact formula for the traces using Niebur's work on a certain class of non-holomorphic modular forms. In this short note, by utilizing Niebur's work again, we generalize Duke's result to exact formulas for traces of singular moduli of higher level modular functions.     

Dimensions and singular traces for spectral triples, with applications to fractals

Given a spectral triple , the functionals on of the form a?τ_ω(a|D|^−α) are studied, where τ_ω is a singular trace, and ω is a generalised limit. When τ_ω is the Dixmier trace, the unique exponent d giving rise possibly to a non-trivial functional is called Hausdorff dimension, and the corresponding functional the (d-dimensional) Hausdorff functional.It is shown that the Hausdorff dimension d coincides with the abscissa of convergence of the zeta function of |D|⁻¹, and that the set of α's for which there exists a singular trace τ_ω giving rise to a non trivial functional is an interval containing d. Moreover, the endpoints of such traceability interval have a dimensional interpretation. The functionals corresponding to points in the traceability interval are called Hausdorff-Besicovitch functionals.These definitions are tested on fractals in , by computing the mentioned quantities and showing in many cases their correspondence with classical objects. In particular, for self-similar fractals the traceability interval consists only of the Hausdorff dimension, and the corresponding Hausdorff-Besicovitch functional gives rise to the Hausdorff measure. More generally, for any limit fractal, the described functionals do not depend on the generalized limit ω.     

奇异Sturm-Liouville问题Weyl函数比较定理及应用

在正常S-L问题比较定理基础上,给出分离型边界条件下右定奇异S-L问题当势函数不同时Weyl函数比较定理,同时结合Weyl函数性质得到右定S-L问题特征值比较定理,且进一步给出势函数不同时奇异左定S-L问题特征值比较定理.     

Dixmier traces as singular symmetric functionals and applications to measurable operators

We unify various constructions and contribute to the theory of singular symmetric functionals on Marcinkiewicz function/operator spaces. This affords a new approach to the non-normal Dixmier and Connes-Dixmier traces (introduced by Dixmier and adapted to non-commutative geometry by Connes) living on a general Marcinkiewicz space associated with an arbitrary semifinite von Neumann algebra. The corollaries to our approach, stated in terms of the operator ideal L^(1,∞) (which is a special example of an operator Marcinkiewicz space), are: (i) a new characterization of the set of all positive measurable operators from L^(1,∞), i.e. those on which an arbitrary Connes-Dixmier trace yields the same value. In the special case, when the operator ideal L^(1,∞) is considered on a type I infinite factor, a bounded operator x belongs to L^(1,∞) if and only if the sequence of singular numbers {s_n(x)}_n?1 (in the descending order and counting the multiplicities) satisfies . In this case, our characterization amounts to saying that a positive element x∈L^(1,∞) is measurable if and only if exists; (ii) the set of Dixmier traces and the set of Connes-Dixmier traces are norming sets (up to equivalence) for the space , where the space is the closure of all finite rank operators in L^(1,∞) in the norm ∥.∥_(1,∞).     

A new interpretation of Cauchy type singular integrals with an application to singular integral equations

Cauchy type integrals were given the interpretation of the principal value for points inside the integration interval. Here this interpretation is modified and generalized in a very simple manner. The new interpretation in general is not equivalent to the classical one. The relationship between the new interpretation and the classical one is investigated and various applications of the new interpretation (to the Plemelj formulas, the Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem, singular integral equations, the inversion formula, quadrature rules and interface crack problems) are presented.     

Minimax methods for singular elliptic equations with an application to a jumping problem

A jumping problem for a class of singular semilinear elliptic equations is considered. Minimax methods in the framework of nonsmooth critical point theory are applied.     

整函数的公共值与奇异方向

设f(z)是复平面上的超越整函数,本文在f(z)的级满足一定限制下证明了复平面上存在一条从原点出发的射线OR,使得以OR为分角线的任意小角域内f(z)与其导函数f(z)至多只有一个IM公共值。     

The generating function of Whitworth runs

Let G be a graph. The number of ways of selecting k vertices in G such that the subgraph induced by the k selected vertices containing l edges may be considered as Whitworth runs. For two arbitrary graphs G₁ and G₂ we show that the generating function of G₁ can be written as a sum of the generating function of G₂. As an application we derive a difference equation satisfied by the generating function of a line graph and that of a cycle graph. Two independent solutions in the closed-form are found. One is equivalent to the Whitworth bracelet problem with two colors. Furthermore, a line and a cycle graph and a two-line graph have been studied. We show that all solutions can be written as a sum of the solutions for single-line cases.     

The ridge function representation of polynomials and an application to neural networks

The first goal of this paper is to establish some properties of the ridge function representation for multivariate polynomials, and the second one is to apply these results to the problem of approximation by neural networks. We find that for continuous functions, the rate of approximation obtained by a neural network with one hidden layer is no slower than that of an algebraic polynomial.     

Derived categories of sheaves on singular schemes with an application to reconstruction

We prove that the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves with proper support is equivalent to the category of locally-finite, cohomological functors on the perfect derived category of a quasi-projective scheme over a field. We introduce the notions of pseudo-adjoints and Rouquier functors and study them. As an application of these ideas and results, we extend the reconstruction result of Bondal and Orlov to Gorenstein projective varieties.     

Nonlinear singular sturm-liouville problems and an application to transonic flow through a nozzle

We consider a class of singular Sturm-Liouville problems with a nonlinear convection and a strongly coupling source. Our investigation is motivated by, and then applied to, the study of transonic gas flow through a nozzle. We are interested in such solution properties as the exact number of solutions, the location and shape of boundary and interior layers, and nonlinear stability and instability of solutions when regarded as stationary solutions of the corresponding convective reaction-diffusion equations. Novel elements in our theory include a priori estimate for qualitative behavior of general solutions, a new class of boundary layers for expansion waves, and a local uniqueness analysis for transonic solutions with interior and boundary layers.