基于自适应遗传算法的质子调强放疗扫描路径优化

研究和开发了基于自适应遗传算法的质子调强放疗扫描路径优化方法,并在此基础上对质子调强放疗扫描时间进行初步临床评估。利用自适应遗传算法具有的较强容错性和全空间最优搜索能力开发点扫描质子调强路径优化模块,并将其集成到自主研发的放疗计划系统,选取AAPM TG-119头颈部肿瘤和前列腺肿瘤模拟例题及两例临床病例进行测试,对比扫描路径优化前后质子放疗计划扫描路径长度。对于AAPMTG-119头颈部肿瘤和前列腺肿瘤模拟例题,总扫描路径长度分别降低了27.17%和18.72%,临床头颈部肿瘤和前列腺肿瘤病例总扫描路径长度分别降低了25.36%和32.95%,优化前后路径长度降低比率与零权重扫描点及肿瘤解剖结构有关。基于自适应遗传算法的扫描路径优化方法可减少质子调强放疗计划扫描时间,从而缩短病人治疗时间,可广泛应用于质子重扫描临床技术。The objective of this research is to study and develop a proton spot scanning path optimization method using an improved genetic algorithm for proton therapy and to evaluate the scanning time under clinical conditions. An Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (IAGA) based scanning path optimization module was developed and integrated into the home-grown treatment planning system. Four cases, including two AAPM TG-119 standard cases and two clinical cases, were selected to compare their scanning path length before and after scanning path optimization. For the two AAPM TG-119 cases, the optimized scanning path length dropped by 27.17% and 18.72%, and for the corresponding clinical cases, the optimized scanning path length dropped by 25.36% and 32.95% respectively. The performance of scanning path optimization was affected by the number of zero-weight spots and connected regions in the scanning map. IAGA based scanning path optimization can reduce the total scanning path length in intensity modulated proton therapy and, therefore, can be used in spot rescanning to accommodate organ motion.     

基于GPU加速的质子调强放疗鲁棒优化器

开发一种基于图形处理器（GPU）加速的质子调强放疗鲁棒优化器,用于减小质子束射程不确定性和靶区定位偏差对质子放疗的影响。建立的鲁棒优化模型使用的目标函数包括9种边界剂量目标,分别是:无偏差情况、2种射程偏差（偏长与偏短）、6种摆位不确定性（前后、侧向、上下入射方向各2种正负偏差）。首先靶区和危及器官的剂量贡献矩阵使用笔形束算法计算得到,然后使用共轭梯度法优化目标函数让其满足约束条件,这两部分均采用GPU加速。头颈部、肺部和前列腺三个临床病例被用来检测本优化器的性能表现。与传统基于计划靶区（PTV）的质子调强放疗计划相比,鲁棒优化器能够优化出对射程不确定性和摆位误差更加不敏感的治疗计划,让靶区实现了高剂量均匀性的同时危及器官（OARs）也得到了更好的保护。经过100次迭代,三个病例的优化时间均在10 s左右。该结果证明了基于GPU加速的质子调强放疗鲁棒优化器能够在短时间内设计出高鲁棒性的质子治疗计划,从而提高质子放射治疗的可靠性。This paper describes the development of a fast robust optimization tool that takes advantage of the GPU technologies. The objective function of the robust optimization model considered nine boundary dose distributions--two for ±range uncertainties, six for ±set-up uncertainties along anteroposterior (A-P), lateral (R-L) and superior{inferior (S-I) directions, and one for nominal situation. The nine boundary influence matrices were calculated using an in-house dose engine for proton pencil beams of a finite size, while the conjugate gradient method was applied to minimize the objective function. The GPU platform was adopted to accelerate both the proton dose calculation algorithm and the conjugate gradient method. Three clinical cases-one head and neck cancer case, one lung cancer case and one prostate cancer case-were investigated to demonstrate the clinical significance of the proposed robust optimizer. Compared with conventional planning target volume (PTV) based IMPT plans, the proposed method was found to be conducive in designing robust treatment plans that were less sensitive to range and setup uncertainties. The three cases showed that targets could achieve high dose uniformity while organs at risks (OARs) were under better protection against setup and range errors. The run times for the three cases were around 10 s for 100 iterations. The GPU-based fast robust optimizer developed in this study can serve to improve the reliability of traditional proton treatment planning by achieving a high level of robustness in a much shorter time.     

Al_2O_3/C复合微粒子散射强度分布的计算

利用A .L .Aden和M .Kerker复合微粒子Mie散射理论计算了Al2 O3/C复合微粒子的散射强度分布函数 ,分析了影响散射强度分布的因素     

Al2O3/C复合微粒子散射强度分布的计算

利用A.L.Aden和M.Kerker复合微粒子Mie散射理论计算了Al2O3/C复合微粒子的散射强度分布函数,分析了影响散射强度分布的因素.     

弧形调强放射治疗对剂量计算方法的要求

在弧形调强放射治疗的治疗计划设计中, 由于包含有很多照射方向, 调强最优化的射束元矩阵计算需要很大的计算量和存储量, 为提高计算效率常使用简化剂量计算模型计算射束元矩阵, 因此有必要研究简化模型对治疗计划质量产生影响。 对一个模拟例子和一个临床实例, 使用没考虑散射效应的原射线剂量计算模型计算射束元矩阵, 由此进行最优化计算。 在得到最优化强度分布后, 通过比较原射线剂量计算模型和微分卷积剂量计算模型得到的剂量分布, 研究了不同射束数目条件下, 使用简化剂量计算模型计算射束元剂量矩阵对最终的剂量分布质量的影响。 结果表明, 在射线束很多的情况下(对应弧形调强照射）, 用简化的剂量计算模型, 即不考虑散射来计算射束元剂量矩阵, 会导致靶区剂量分布的质量大大低于预期的剂量分布质量, 因此, 弧形调强放射治疗的最优化计算中, 有效考虑散射的影响是必要的。 In the treatment planning for arc intensity modulated radiation therapy, because many irradiation directions are involved, the computing time and storage space needed for calculating beamlet dose matrices in optimization is quite heavy. In order to improve the computation efficiency, the simplified dose calculation is often used for the calculation of the dose matrices. Thus, it is deserved to study how this simplification could influence the quality of the treatment plan. In this paper, a simulation and a clinical case are adopted. Using the primary dose calculation model without taking into account the scattering effect to generate the dose matrices of beamlets, the optimization for beam intensity profile are firstly carried out. Then, based on the obtained intensity profile, the dose distributions are recalculated by using the primary dose calculation model and the differential convolution superposition dose calculation model which is more accurate but more time consuming. By comparing dose distributions obtained by this two models, the influence of using simplified model for dose matrix calculation on beam profile optimization is studied. The results demonstrate that when the beam number is large(corresponding to the arc modulated radiation), using the simplified model for the calculation of dose matrix of beamlets will reduce the quality of dose distribution greatly comparing with the expected dose distribution quality. Thus it is very necessary to correctly take into account the scattering effect in beam profile optimization for the arc intensity modulated radiation therapy.     

粒子双缝衍射的强度分布

粒子状态用波函数描述,由动量概率分布,推出粒子双缝衍射的强度分布。     

强度不变的自动模式识别技术

针对光学模式识别技术用化要求，提出一种新的图像预处理算法，使识别现场光照明强度及分布的变化对识别效率所带来的影响大大降低。采用该算法进行实时硬件光学相关试验结果证实应用该算法可以实现强度的自动目标识别。     

基于靶面温度测量的激光强度时空分布重构方法

基于靶面温度分布测量反演激光强度时空分布的重构表达式中,被积函数包含的奇异阿贝尔核函数导致了求解积分表达式的病态和解的不稳定。为了解决这一积分求解问题,基于广义函数理论和正则变换方法,对积分函数进行了重新构造,获得了基于靶面温度时空分布测量反演入射激光强度分布的重构算法,并分析了重构结果对温度测量误差的敏感性。借助数值模拟方法对重构算法进行了验证,数值计算给出了重构强度误差与靶板厚度和辐照时间的关系。验证结果表明,两种背光面边界条件下反演获得的激光束时空分布,不仅与原始模型激光束达到了较好的一致,而且不受薄板条件的限制。算法对强激光辐照效应的靶面激光参量监测有实用性。     

漫透射成像法激光强度时空分布测量装置

 提出用CCD漫透射成像法测量激光强度时空分布和激光功率,给出了测量原理, 简要叙述了装置总体结构,介绍了测量装置各部分,给出了散射屏的散射特性,重点分析了光路布局、镜头焦距、光圈、景深、滤光片的参数选择,介绍了数据处理软件,给出了激光强度分布测量实验结果。结果表明：漫透射成像法测量激光强度时空分布是可行的,该装置测量强度分布分辨力高达5 mm;测量功率准确、可靠,测量不确定度小于6%,使用方便,实现了在小空间内对大光斑进行功率和强度分布的同时准确测量。     

调强放射治疗子野权重优化方法研究

由于子野分割带来的误差, 使得调强放疗(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, 简称IMRT)计划系统所制作的计划往往不能满足临床要求。 本研究将采用基于共轭梯度法的子野权重优化方法来减小此误差, 提高制作计划的效率和效果。 采用共轭梯度法优化子野权重和微调子野形状, 最终使得子野分割前后强度误差最小。 在精确放疗系统中对常见的临床病例（鼻咽癌和周围性肺癌）进行测试, 通过对比靶区和危及器官的剂量体积直方图以及CT片上的等剂量线, 发现子野权重优化后靶区的平均剂量分别从87.0%提高到100.2%和从90.0%提高到98.4%, 更好地满足临床要求。     

A Proton Beam Delivery System for Conformal Therapyand Intensity Modulated Therapy

A scattering proton beam delivery system for conformal therapy and intensity modulated therapy is described. The beam is laterally spread out by a dual-ring doublescattering system and collimated by a program-controlled multileaf collimator and patientspecific fixed collimators. The proton range is adjusted and modulated by a programcontrolled binary filter and ridge filters.     

适用于适形治疗与调强治疗的质子束流配送系统

描述一个适用于适形治疗和调强治疗的散射式质子束流配送系统.它利用双散射系统扩展质子束,利用程序控制的二进制射程调节器和搓板式调制器调节和调制质子射程,利用程序控制的多叶光阑和为每个患者特制的准直器进行束流准直.     

电子束辐照处理工业废气

介绍电子束射线辐照处理燃烧废气中ＳＯ_２及氮的氧化物ＮＯｘ的新方法,并与传统方法进行了比较． This paper introduces a new method of eletron beam radiation treatment of SO 2 and NO x in stack gases, with which the traditional methods are compared.     

基于无芯光纤强度调制型液位传感器的设计与性能

利用强度调制型光纤传感器容易解调的优势,提出了一种强度调制型光纤液位传感器.传感器由三根无芯光纤组成,其中,无芯光纤1与无芯光纤2串联构成测量臂,无芯光纤3构成参考臂.仿真分析得出,无芯光纤长度每缩短1mm,透射峰波长增加25.46nm.在0~50mm小液位范围内,实验测得传感器在水、5%NaCl、10%NaCl和15%NaCl水溶液四种液体环境中的液位灵敏度分别为0.069 5dB/mm、0.074 73dB/mm、0.077 49dB/mm及0.082 71dB/mm,线性度分别为0.998 25、0.998 49、0.988 11及0.995 13,线性度较高.该传感器可较好地消除光源光功率波动与环境温度变化带来的影响,重复性较好,在石油化工领域有一定的应用潜力.     

基于共轭梯度优化算法的BP神经网络在高能粒子鉴别等领域中的应用

人工神经网络方法已被引入高能物理实验领域并被广泛地应用于夸克胶子喷注的鉴别、电子强子分辨、顶夸克和Higgs粒子的寻找等等。本文采用了一种改良的共轭梯度优化算法并应用于高能物理实验中粒子的鉴别。在该应用中,此算法既能实现每步迭代时在搜索方向上获得最优步长,又能避免目标函数陷入局部收敛点,从而使目标函数快速收敛,提高了算法的有效性。分析结果表明,我们改进后的BP算法显著地提高了粒子物理数据分析中的粒子鉴别能力。     

二维固体激光阵列逆达曼光栅相干合束技术模拟研究

采用逆达曼光栅将二维锁相相干的激光阵列进行相干合束并进行孔径装填是获得远场单一主瓣大功率高光束质量激光输出的一种有效技术方案,将其应用于大尺寸5×5固体激光相干阵列相干合束中,并进行了固体激光阵列合束孔径装填的理论分析和原理性验证实验,测量了系统的实际合束效率,同时进行了后焦面逆达曼光栅的加工和放置误差对合束效率影响的详细分析。实验结果表明,逆达曼光栅用于固体激光阵列相干合束是一种有效的技术方案,且可以通过调节光栅周期和傅里叶透镜焦距来适应系统对激光阵列占空比的要求。这对于开发基于逆达曼光栅相干合束的高功率高光质量的全固态激光系统具有重要的意义。