食药总局发布6项食品补充检验方法 均为质谱法

正近日,国家食药总局发布公告,发布《饮料、茶叶及相关制品中对乙酰氨基酚等59种化合物的测定》《饮料、茶叶及相关制品中二氟尼柳等18种化合物的测定》《豆制品中碱性橙2的测定》《保健食品中9种水溶性维生素的测定》《保健食品中9种脂溶性维生素的测定》《保健食品中9种矿物质元素的测定》6项食品补充检验方法,且6种方法均为质谱分析法。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定食品和多维片中8种水溶性维生素

建立了以0．05mol/L KH2PO4-甲醇为流动相的梯度洗脱反相高效液相色谱同时测定水溶性维生素C,B1,B2,B6,B12,烟酸,烟酰胺和叶酸的分析方法,方法检出限为1．4－0．76ng,用该法测定了奶粉,玉米粉,饮料及复合维生素片中水溶性维生素,相对标准偏差为2．8％－8．8％,加标回收率为74．7％－112．5％。     

离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时测定复合维生素片中4种水溶性维生素

采用离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时测定了复合维生素片中烟酰胺、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6等4种水溶性维生素的含量。样品经水溶解、过滤后,以Hypersil C18化学键合硅胶为固定相,以甲醇-0.5%(体积分数)醋酸水溶液(含2.5 mmol/L己磺酸钠,pH 2.8)(体积比为18∶82)为流动相,等度洗脱,紫外检测器于280 nm波长下检测。当烟酰胺、维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素B6的质量浓度分别在25450 mg/L,590 mg/L,2.590 mg/L,595 mg/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好;日内测定平均相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.0%,2.2%,1.8%和1.3%;日间测定相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为1.5%,3.6%,2.4%和1.7%。该方法已成功应用于复合维生素片中4种水溶性维生素的同时测定。     

离子对试剂用于4种水溶性维生素的液相色谱分离

1　引　　言在进行复合维生素药物分析、饲料添加剂维生素混料及饲料复合维生素制剂的分析时 ,通常会遇到几种高浓度水溶性维生素的分离问题 ,而这些水溶性的维生素则是有酸性、中性、碱性化合物混合的 ,例如Ｖｃ、ＶＢｌ、ＶＢ2 、ＶＢ6等。常规的反相色谱法通过改变流动相的ｐＨ值 ,离子强度 ,有机相浓度 ,及分离湿度等条件来优化这类复杂物质的分离 ,但其适应范围往往很窄。本文则将简述离子对试剂戊烷磷酸钠 (ＰＩＣＢ5)、己烷磷酸钠 (ＰＩＣＢ6)和庚烷磷酸钠 (ＰＩＣＢ7)用于水溶液性维生素Ｖｃ、ＶＢ1 、ＶＢ2 、ＶＢ6的分离 ,结果令…     

超高效合相色谱法快速测定保健食品中10种脂溶性维生素

脂溶性维生素作为保健食品重要的功效指标,现有的标准方法存在测定组分少、样品前处理过程复杂、对人员操作能力要求较高等问题,因此建立一种快速、简便、准确,且能同时检测多种常见脂溶性维生素的方法具有重要的现实意义。该研究采用超高效合相色谱(UPC²)建立了同时测定保健食品中维生素A棕榈酸酯、维生素A醋酸酯、维生素E醋酸酯、维生素K₁、α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、维生素D₂、维生素D₃等10种常用脂溶性维生素的方法。样品经含75%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的水溶液在45 ℃水浴超声15 min破乳,再加入正己烷振摇提取90 min, 3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液过滤后进行分析。使用LC-Simulator软件对色谱条件进行模拟及优化,选用ACQUITY UPC² Viridis HSS C18 SB色谱柱进行分离,CO₂和乙腈-甲醇(85∶15, v/v)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.9 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,选取10种脂溶性维生素各自的最大吸收波长检测,外标法进行定量。结果表明,10种脂溶性维生素在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9997,检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为片剂:0.2~30 μg/g和0.8~75 μg/g,胶囊:0.4~60 μg/g和2~150 μg/g,样品平均加标回收率在96.5%~113.9%之间,RSD均小于4%,精密度、稳定性、重复性测定结果的RSD值也均小于2%。经比较,该方法测定结果与现有的国家食品安全标准基本一致,但该方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可满足保健食品中10种脂溶性维生素的检测要求,为保健食品中脂溶性维生素的快速同时检测奠定基础。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定多维元素片中9种水溶性维生素

采用更简便的流动相体系,建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定多维元素片中9种水溶性维生素的快速分析方法。以酸水解与离心的方法处理样品,用C8柱分离,流动相A为0.1%三氟乙酸的水溶液,B为甲醇,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测。28min内实现了9种水溶性维生素的同时分离测定。各维生素线性关系、精密度、回收率均良好。并使用美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)的SRM3280多维元素片标准物质对方法进行了确认,运用此法测定了市售多维元素片中的水溶性维生素含量。该法可作为维生素片剂中水溶性维生素分离测定的质控方法。     

同位素稀释/液相色谱-串联质谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中脂溶性维生素

采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)结合同位素稀释定量方法,建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素A、维生素D_2、维生素D_3、维生素E和维生素K15种脂溶性维生素同时测定的分析方法。样品经脂肪酶酶解,氢氧化钾-乙醇皂化,石油醚提取,乙醇定容,经BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离后,以甲醇(甲酸0.02%)-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,0.4 m L/min梯度洗脱,采用大气压化学电离,正离子多反应监测模式测定。5种脂溶性维生素在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99,加标回收率为83.8%~113.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.2%~10.1%,定量下限(LOQ)为0.5~10μg/100g。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,可满足配方奶粉中脂溶性维生素的检测要求。     

微乳液相色谱法同时分离7种水溶性维生素

采用微乳液相色谱法同时分离7种水溶性维生素(V_(B1)、V_(B2)、V_(B6)、VB_(12)、叶酸、烟酰胺和VC)。考察了微乳流动相体系中表面活性剂、油相、助表面活性剂的种类以及流动相的pH值、柱温等对水溶性维生素分离的影响。优化后微乳体系的组成为:十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/聚氧乙烯月桂醇醚(Brij35)/正丁醇/乙酸乙酯/水(质量比为2∶60∶66∶8∶864)。色谱柱为Agilent TC C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为30℃,检测波长为254 nm,流速为0.5mL/min。7种水溶性维生素在20 min内达到基线分离。在4~36 mg/L范围内,7种水溶性维生素的质量浓度与峰面积的相关系数均大于0.999 1。不同添加水平下,V_(B1)、V_(B2)、V_(B6)、VC和烟酰胺的平均回收率为93.9%~102.9%。该方法可用于食品和药品中的多种水溶性维生素的分离、鉴别及快速测定。     

液相色谱-质谱法测定运动饮料中9种水溶性维生素

建立液相色谱–质谱法快速测定运动饮料中维生素B_1、维生素B_2、泛酸、维生素B_6、生物素、叶酸、维生素B_(12)、烟酸、烟酰胺9种水溶性维生素的方法。样品用水超声提取后,采用ACQUITY HSS T3液相色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸甲醇–0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用质谱多反应监测扫描模式的选择性和特异性定量。9种水溶性维生素的质量浓度与色谱峰面积分别在各自范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。当称样量为2.00 g,定容体积为50 mL时,方法检出限为0.025 0～0.062 5μg/g,测定下限为0.10～0.25μg/g。样品的加标回收率为90.0%～102.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.9%～3.2%(n=7)。该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,适用于运动饮料中水溶性维生素的测定。     

HPLC法检测丁二酸发酵液中的有机酸和水溶性维生素

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时检测丁二酸发酵液中的有机酸和水溶性维生素。以RP-HPLC为分离模式,选用Hedera ODS-2色谱柱(5μm,4.6×250 mm),20 mmol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH2.9)和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为210 nm,建立了同时测定分析8种水溶性维生素和3种有机酸的方法,15 min内所有组分都洗脱完全。8种水溶性维生素和3种有机酸在线性范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9989~0.9997;加标回收率在92.5%~100.3%之间;RSD(n=5):0.9%~1.9%。本方法采用同一种流动相既可以测定发酵液中的有机酸又可以测定水溶性维生素的含量。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.