Ultrafast dephasing of light in strongly scattering GaP nanowires

We demonstrate ultrafast dephasing in the random transport of light through a layer consisting of strongly scattering GaP nanowires. Dephasing results in a nonlinear intensity modulation of individual pseudomodes which is 100 times larger than that of bulk GaP. Different contributions to the nonlinear response are separated by using total transmission, white-light frequency correlation, and statistical pseudomode analysis. A dephasing time of 1.2±0.2 ps is found. Quantitative agreement is obtained with numerical model calculations which include photoinduced absorption and deformation of individual scatterers. Nonlinear dephasing of photonic eigenmodes opens up avenues for ultrafast control of random lasers, nanophotonic switches, and photon localization.     

Role of spatial mode function in the presence of two-atom events in a micromaser

In this paper, we discuss the effects of spatial mode function in an one-photon micromaser in the presence of two-atom events. It is shown that two-atom events allow us a possibility to study the effects of different cavity eigenmodes in a micromaser. We find that squeezing properties of the radiation field depend upon the parity (odd or even) and order (lower or higher) of cavity eigenmodes. For example, squeezing can be obtained for odd-order cavity eigenmodes which completely vanishes for even-order modes. Our results also show that effects similar to self-induced transparency are never obtained in the presence of two-atom events. Finally, we consider the effect of pump fluctuations and cavity losses in our system.     

Effect of dispersion on the operation of free-electron lasers driven by short electron bunches

The effect of dispersion on the lasing of waveguide free-electron lasers driven by short periodic electron bunches is considered. In the high-Q cavity approximation, the generation of electromagnetic pulses is described in terms of a parabolic equation. For the linear stage of interaction, starting lasing conditions are found analytically and the spatio-temporal structure of supermodes, which represent a set of phase-locked eigenmodes of the cold cavity, is determined. Dispersion is shown to allow the free-electron laser to operate at both positive and negative mismatches between the period of electron bunch injection and the time taken for the electromagnetic pulse to circulate over the cavity. The simulation of the nonlinear lasing conditions with allowance for dispersion spread makes it possible to find the stationary profile of radiated pulses and the optimum values of the group and time detunings that provide a maximum efficiency of the waveguide free-electron laser. It is also shown that, when the length of interaction is much longer than the starting value, the laser operates under the conditions of periodic or chaotic pulse profile self-modulation.     

Observed factorization of excess quantum noise that is due to both polarization and spatial mode nonorthogonality

When the eigenmodes of a laser cavity are nonorthogonal, the quantum-limited linewidth of the laser is larger by an excess-noise factor than the standard Schawlow-Townes expression. Mode nonorthogonality can exist in the spatial domain, as in unstable-cavity resonators, but also in the polarization domain when the two polarization eigenmodes are nonorthogonal. We show experimentally that these two contributions are independent of each other, i.e., that the excess-noise factor factorizes as a product of the spatial and polarization excess-noise factors.     

Spontaneous emission of an atom in a cavity with nonorthogonal eigenmodes

The spontaneous emission of an excited atom in a lossy cavity with nonorthogonal eigenmodes is analyzed. The quantum Langevin formalism is used to describe the dynamics of the spontaneous decay. The analysis shows that the spontaneous decay is modified by the Q value and the effective mode volume factor of each cavity eigenmode. The effective mode volume is generalized for cavities with nonorthogonal modes, which can be a very significant modification in the microcavity regime. It is shown that the spontaneous decay is not enhanced by the excess noise factor as claimed by other analyses.     

单谐振腔束团长度监测器的设计与仿真

提出了一种利用单个谐振腔测量直线加速器束团长度的新方法。不同于传统的双谐振腔束团长度监测器，该方法仅需要使用单个谐振腔，省去了用于辅助测量的参考腔，从而简化了装置结构，节省了空间。针对国家同步辐射实验室基于可调谐红外激光的能源化学研究大型实验装置进行了监测器的物理设计。通过设定同轴探针的插入位置，解决了双模信号互相干扰的问题，利用微扰金属改变调节工作频率，克服了双模难以同时谐振的困难。利用CST软件进行建模和仿真。仿真结果表明，该监测器可实现2～5 ps束团长度的诊断，测量误差小于5%。     

Analysis of time delay effects on a linear bubble chain system

A chain of vertically rising discrete air bubbles represents a transition phenomenon from individual to continuum behavior in a bubbly liquid. Previous studies have reported that there is a preference for acoustic energy to propagate along the bubble chain and that this behavior could be explained by a coupled-oscillator model. However, it has recently been demonstrated that quantitative results from the coupled-oscillator model do not match experimental data. In this paper, it is shown how adding time delays to the coupled-oscillator model can produce results that are in better agreement with experimental data. In addition, the effects of time delays on the natural frequencies and damping of individual eigenmodes of the vertical bubble chain are also investigated. It was found that adding time delays can dramatically change the damping of the different modes of the system while having less dramatic impact on the natural frequencies of the individual eigenmodes. Counterintuitively, it is found that the effects of time delays appear to be more important when the bubbles are closer together than when they are farther apart.     

Linear and nonlinear vibrations analysis of viscoelastic sandwich beams

In this paper, numerical models are proposed for linear and nonlinear vibrations analyses of viscoelastic sandwich beams with various viscoelastic frequency dependent laws using the finite element based solution. Real and various complex eigenmodes approaches are investigated as Galerkin bases. Based on harmonic balance method, simplified and general approaches are developed for nonlinear vibration analysis. Analytical frequency-amplitude and phase-amplitude relationships are elaborated based on the numerically computed complex eigenmodes. The equivalent loss factors and frequencies as well as the forced harmonic response and phase curves are performed for sandwich beams with various boundary conditions and frequency dependent viscoelastic laws.     

Eigenmode structure in solar-wind Langmuir waves

We show that observed spatial- and frequency-domain signatures of intense solar-wind Langmuir waves can be described as eigenmodes trapped in a parabolic density well. Measured solar-wind electric field spectra and waveforms are compared with 1D linear solutions and, in many cases, can be represented by 1-3 low-order eigenstates. To our knowledge, this report is the first observational confirmation of Langmuir eigenmodes in space. These results suggest that linear eigenmodes may be the starting point of the nonlinear evolution, critical for producing solar type II and type III radio bursts.     

三机械薄膜腔光力系统相互作用的研究

本文主要研究了利用传输矩阵理论和共振透射条件详细地推导光腔中均匀放置三个机械薄膜构成的腔光力系统中系统本征模式随机械运动的色散关系.计算结果发现系统的光学本征模式由一组四个的本征能级构成,且不同的能级随不同的机械运动模式的变化曲线各不相同,进而导致不同光学模式与不同机械运动模式之间的耦合也不相同.此外,利用微扰理论求解了当机械运动振幅远小于腔模波长、机械振子处于平衡位置附近时,各种光学模式与不同机械振动模式间相互作用耦合强度的解析表达式.研究结果能够为理论和实验上研究多模腔光力系统提供一定的参考.     

Anderson localization and nonlinearity in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices

We experimentally investigate the evolution of linear and nonlinear waves in a realization of the Anderson model using disordered one-dimensional waveguide lattices. Two types of localized eigenmodes, flat-phased and staggered, are directly measured. Nonlinear perturbations enhance localization in one type and induce delocalization in the other. In a complementary approach, we study the evolution on short time scales of delta-like wave packets in the presence of disorder. A transition from ballistic wave packet expansion to exponential (Anderson) localization is observed. We also find an intermediate regime in which the ballistic and localized components coexist while diffusive dynamics is absent. Evidence is found for a faster transition into localization under nonlinear conditions.     

加速100 mA质子束的低β超导半波长谐振腔内的高阶模（英）

基于超导器的连续波运行的高流强质子/氘束被越来越多的大科学装置所采用。在流强低于10 mA情况下,用于加速低段粒子的超导腔的高阶模影响基本可以忽略,但是对于加速百mA强流的低超导腔,其高阶模损耗情况有待研究。近期北京大学设计并加工了一支=0.09、运行频率162.5 MHz的超导半波长谐振腔,用于研究非相对论低超导半波长谐振腔加速100 mA强流质子束时可能涉及到的关键物理问题。重点研究了这支半波长谐振腔内部高阶模损耗的问题,用时域和频域两种方法分别计算了腔的高阶模损失因子,同时计算了考虑加工误差下腔内发生高阶模共振激发的概率。     

扩展互作用振荡器非线性理论与模拟

为了对扩展互作用振荡器(EIO)进行更为高效研究与设计,提出了一种非线性理论与数值模拟相结合的方法对其进行分析,编制了基于一维电子圆盘模型的数值计算程序,并结合MAGIC模拟结果对其准确性进行了讨论。非线性模拟中,35GHz EIO输出功率为125W,频率为35.01GHz,对应的MAGIC模拟结果分别为100W,35.11GHz;110GHz EIO输出功率为220W,频率为107.9GHz,对应的MAGIC模拟结果分别为190W,107.93GHz。非线性方法使得模拟速度有了很大的提高,单次计算时间小于5min,并且所得数据与传统软件模拟得到的特性曲线相比变化趋势一致、数值上也较为接近。     

Whispering gallery modes in a conical resonator

A conical closed resonator with perfectly conducting walls is considered. The eigenmodes of the resonator are determined in the first order of perturbation theory, in which the cone angle is a small quantity. A semiclassical approximation is constructed for an arbitrary cone angle; it is shown that the spectrum of whispering gallery modes in this approximation differs insignificantly from the eigenmode spectrum of a cylindrical cavity even for a large cone angle.     

Suppressing the effect of disorders using time-reversal symmetry breaking in magneto-optical photonic crystals: An illustration with a four-port circulator

In integrated optical systems, nonreciprocal elements are indispensable devices that eliminate multi-path reflection between components. To miniaturizing these devices down to a single-wavelength scale, we study nonreciprocal effects in point defects of magneto-optical photonic crystals. The nonreciprocal effect splits degenerate mode pairs and its strength is maximized by spatially matching the magnetic domain pattern with a modal cross product. The resultant eigenmodes are a pair of counter-rotating states that lack time-reversal symmetry. Based upon these eigenmodes, we propose a micro-cavity four-port circulator constructed by coupling a magneto-optical cavity with two waveguides, where each rotating state supports light tunneling along a different direction. In the presence of strong magneto-optical couplings, due to time-reversal symmetry breaking, the performance of the isolator is fundamentally protected from the effect of small structural fluctuations. Numerical calculations demonstrate a four-port circulator with a 26 dB isolation and a roughness tolerance on the order of 0.1a, where a is the lattice constant of the crystal.     

First experimental evidence for chaos-assisted tunneling in a microwave annular billiard

We report on first experimental signatures for chaos-assisted tunneling in a two-dimensional annular billiard. Measurements of microwave spectra from a superconducting cavity with high frequency resolution are combined with electromagnetic field distributions experimentally determined from a normal conducting twin cavity with high spatial resolution to resolve eigenmodes with properly identified quantum numbers. Distributions of quasidoublet splittings serve as basic observables for the tunneling between whispering gallery-type modes localized to congruent, but distinct tori which are coupled weakly to irregular eigenstates associated with the chaotic region in phase space.     

Electro-Magnetic Eigenmodes of the Toroidal Cavity

The eigenmodes of the empty toroidal cavity, relevant for H. F. heating of toroidal plasmas, are calculated using a development in the inverse aspect ratio. The eigensolutions are classified as quasi-TE and quasi-TH modes according to their cylindrical limit. Two exceptional modes are found for which both the electric and the magnetic field in the axial direction are nonzero already to the lowest order. The existence of these modes is connected with the accidental degeneracy of the cylindrical TH1 and TE0 modes.     

Oscillating cavity eigenmodes

It is shown that the spectra of a planar fixed-length cavity executing periodic oscillations are described by fractal curves of the devil’s staircase type. In the case of the cavity length comparable to the oscillation period, eigenmodes represent a sequence of short pulses.     

Influence of nonlinear effects on the results of measuring the ratio of ultrasound absorption in a liquid by the cavity method

We consider the problem of the influence of nonlinear effects on the results of measuring the ratio of ultrasound absorption by using a resonator cavity. The relative amplitudes and the frequency response function of a nonlinear ultrasonic cavity with plane piezoelectric converters were calculated. The ranges of operating frequencies, at which the influence of nonlinear effects is significant, are determined. It is shown that in the case of nonlinear oscillations, the relaxation time of the fundamental harmonic is significantly shorter than that for the linear regime, which leads to overestimation of the measured ultrasound absorption rate.     

Generation of Coupled Modes in an Unmatched Three-Mirror Laser Cavity

An extraordinary phenomenon of generation of coupled types of oscillations with a transverse field distribution corresponding to the ТЕМ _pq eigenmodes with different pairs of indices p and q in the main laser cavity and in an external cavity has been experimentally detected. The excitation of coupled modes depends on the configuration and tuning of partial cavities. To solve the system of integral equations for a three-mirror cavity with mismatched spherical mirrors in the quasioptical approximation, it has been proposed to use modified boundary conditions including the coupling coefficients for eigenmodes in partial cavities.