Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles from Amidoximes and Aldehydes in the Superbasic System NaOH/DMSO

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A new procedure has been proposed for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles by reaction of amidoximes with aldehydes in the superbasic system...     

1,2-Difunctionalization of Acetylene Enabled by Light

Although the direct conversion of gaseous acetylene into value-added liquid commodity chemicals is becoming increasingly attractive, the majority of the established methodologies are focused on cross-coupling, hydro-functionalization, and polymerization. Herein, we describe a 1,2-difunctionalization method that inserts acetylene directly into readily available bifunctional reagents. This method provides access to diverse C2-linked 1,2-bis-heteroatom products in high regio- and stereoselectivity along with opening up previously unexplored synthetic directions. In addition, we demonstrate this method's synthetic potential by converting the obtained products into diverse functionalized molecules and chiral sulfoxide-containing bidentate ligands. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the mechanism for this insertion reaction was investigated.     

CO_2和丙三醇直接合成碳酸甘油酯的新方法

报道了一种以CO_2和丙三醇为原料,Cs_2CO_3为碱,DMF为溶剂,bmimBF_4为增溶剂,直接合成碳酸甘油酯(GC)的新方法。在最优反应条件[丙三醇5 mmol,Cs_2CO_310 mmol,CH_2Cl_25 m L,bmimBF_41 m L,DMF 5 m L,P(CO_2)1 MPa,于100℃反应24 h]下,GC收率76%,其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS确证。在最优条件下进行50倍放大实验,GC收率72%。     

Synthesis of Mono and Disubstituted Maleic Anhydrides from Di-tert-Butyl Acetylene Dicarboxylate

Addition of organocopper reagent RCu(Me₂S), MgBr₂ to acetylenic esters gives vinylcopper complex which reacts with various electrophiles to afford mono and disubstituted maleates. Deprotection of substituted maleates and dehydration provide the corresponding maleic anhydride in good yield.     

Reaction of Red Phosphorus with Allylbenzene in Superbasic System KOH-DMSO

Abstract

Red phosphorus reacts with allylbenzene in the superbase system KOH-DMSO (130°C, 3 h, Ar) to give a mixture of bis(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)phosphane (1), bis(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)phosphane oxide (2), and 1-methyl-2-phenylethylphosphinic acid (3). Secondary phosphane oxide 2 and phosphinic acid 3 have been isolated from this mixture in 35% and 32% yield, respectively. Microwave activation of the reaction (200 W, 30 min) affords secondary phosphane 1 as the main product in 48% yield.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT      

A Quantum Chemical Study of the Acidity of Acetylene and 1,2-Dihydrobuckminsterfullerene Derivatives

DFT PBE0/cc-pVDZ method and the polarizable continuum model were used to determine pK _a values for buckminsterfullerene-acetylene hybrids C₆₀HCCH, C₆₀HCN, tert-butylacetylene, and propyne relative to tert-BuC₆₀H in a vacuum, carbon disulfide, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The energies of the СH-acid molecule and the carbanion (fulleride- or acetylide anion) were calculated using the same number of Gaussian orbitals. The surfaces of cavities formed by molecules and anions in a solvent are composed of spheres encompassing both atomic nuclei and lone electron pairs. An additional sphere excludes the solvent from the inner cavity of the fullerene.     

甘油作溶剂、微波促进苯并噁唑类化合物的合成

苯并噁唑类化合物在医药、化工、有机合成等方面应用广泛,其合成具有重要意义。以邻氨基苯酚与苯甲醛类化合物为原料,物质量的比为1∶1,用绿色试剂甘油做溶剂,微波加热促进合成苯并噁唑类化合物。聚焦微波功率为20W,反应温度110℃。在此条件下,以80%~91%的产率得到相应的目标产物。该方法具有溶剂无污染、反应条件温和、操作简便、产率较高、反应底物易得,反应快速简便等优点,为现有方法提供了有益和重要的补充。     

Synthesis of 1,2-dialkyl-3,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyridazines from acetonylacetone

Condensation of acetonylacetone with symmetrical dimethyl- and diethylhydrazines leads to 1,2-dialkyl-3,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyridazines and 2,3,5,6-tetraalkyl-1,4-dimethyl-2, 3,5,6-tetraazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 400–403, March, 1971.     

新型咔唑取代乙炔化合物的合成

分别以咔唑和2-羟基咔唑为原料,通过Sonagashira偶联反应和N-烷基化反应合成了6个新型的咔唑取代乙炔化合物:2-乙炔基-9-苄基咔唑,2-乙炔基-9-正丁基咔唑,2-乙炔基-9-正己基咔唑,3-乙炔基-9-苄基咔唑,3-乙炔基-9-正丁基咔唑和3-乙炔基-9-{4·[4·(硝基)苯基偶氮苯]氧}亚丁基咔唑,其...     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fructosyl Glycerol

ABSTRACT

The enzymatic synthesis of ß2-2' and ß2-1'-D- fructopyranosyl glycerol was carried out with levansucrase from Bacillus circulans or B.subtilis, using sucrose as fructosyl donor and glycerol. The specificity and efficiency of the enzyme was modified by controlling both the water and the total substrate concentrations. The products were purified by HPLC and analyzed by ¹H, ¹³C NMR and GC-MS.     

丙三醇碳酸酯的电合成研究

在常温常压下,采用电化学方法,以丙三醇和CO₂为原料合成了丙三醇碳酸酯,并详细考察了各种条件对该反应的影响规律. 择优条件下,目标碳酸酯的产率可达73%,远远高于普通的催化方法. 并借助循环伏安曲线研究了反应体系的电化学行为,分析了整个反应的可能历程.     

Synthesis of Bis(2-Pyridylphosphino)Alkanes in Superbasic Medium and Their Hydroxymethyl Derivatives

Abstract

Novel P-H-diphosphinoalkanes with pyridyl substituents at the phosphorus atoms have been obtained in good or moderate yields by the interaction of primary 2-pyridyl-phosphine with dichloroalkanes in superbasic medium. The formation of novel 1-(2-pyridyl)-1-phosphacyclopentane together with bis(2-pyridylphosphino)butane was observed as the result of the interaction of 2-pyridylphosphine and 1,4-dichlorobutane under the same reaction conditions. The reaction of the bis(2-pyridylphosphino)alkanes thus obtained with formaldehyde leads to the formation of the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives.     

酸催化甘油与苯甲醛缩合制备六员环缩醛

比较了对甲苯磺酸（PTSA）、磷钨酸（PWA）、KHSO₄和FeCl₃催化对甘油与苯甲醛的缩合反应收率,及对产物中六元环缩醛5-羟基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧六环(1)与五元环缩醛4-羟甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧五环(2)比例的影响。 当以环己烷为带水剂及苯甲醛与甘油的摩尔比为2∶3的情况下,KHSO4为催化剂的缩合产物（1+2）收率较高,为96.8%;PTSA催化的缩合产物中,化合物1的比例最高(m(1)∶m(2)=48.6∶51.4)。 室温下PTSA、PWA、KHSO₄和FeCl₃均可催化化合物2向化合物1的转化。 在-20 ℃下,只有PTSA能催化化合物2向化合物1的转化。 在-20 ℃,PTSA催化化合物[STHZ]2转化成化合物1a,并以晶体形式从苯（40%）-石油醚（60%）中析出。 母液循环转化3次后,化合物1a的累计收率可达91.1%。     

Synthesis of Prebiotic Glycerol in Interstellar Ices

Contemporary mechanisms for the spontaneous formation of glycerol have not been able to explain its existence on early Earth. The exogenous origin and delivery of organic molecules to early Earth presents an alternative route to their terrestrial in situ formation since biorelevant molecules like amino acids, carboxylic acids, and alkylphosphonic acids have been recovered from carbonaceous chondrites. Reported herein is the first in situ identification of glycerol, the key building block of all cellular membranes, formed by exposure of methanol‐based — interstellar model ices to ionizing radiation in the form of energetic electrons. These results provide compelling evidence that the radiation‐induced formation of glycerol in low‐temperature interstellar model ices is facile. Synthesized on interstellar grains and eventually incorporated into the “building material” of solar systems, biorelevant molecules such as glycerol could have been dispensed to habitable planets such as early Earth by comets and meteorites.     

Synthesis of Dioxolanylmethyl Methacrylates from Aldehydes,Glycerol, and Methyl Methacrylate

The feasibility of preparing dioxolanylmethyl methacrylates from aldehydes in two stages (without purification of intermediate 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane) was examined.     

Synthesis and Transformations of Novel Acetylene Glycols Derived from N-Substituted Piperidin-4-ones

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - With the aim to prepare asymmetric acetylenic γ-glycols, the reactions of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)piperidin-4-one with propargyl alcohol were studied and the...     

Synthesis of 4-Vinylmorpholine Based on Acetylene

It has been shown that from the possible methods for the synthesis of 4-vinylmorpholine, the vinylation of morpholine with acetylene remains acceptable. A technologically accessible method for vinylation of morpholine with acetylene at atmospheric pressure was developed.