2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O-7.8%H3BO3-H2O体系多温相关系研究

研究了2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H20在不同温度下的7.8%H3BO3水溶液中的相转化产物及其溶解度.IR,XRD,TG及化学分析表明,相转化产物在0～22℃范围内为MgO·2B2O3·9H20;22～68℃为MgO·2B2O3·7.5H20;68～95℃为MgO·2B2O3·7H20;95～98.8℃为MgO·2B2O3·5H20;100～110℃为MgO·B2O3·3H20;110～120℃为2MgO·B2O3·2H20;120～170℃为2MgO·B2O3·1.5H20;170～200℃为2MgO·B2O3·H20.提出了相转化反应原理.     

Ionophoretische Trennung von ReCl62?, ReBr62? und ReO4?

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die ionophoretische Trennung von ReCl₆ ^2–, ReBr₆ ^2– und ReO₄ ^– unter Verwendung verschiedener Papiersorten untersucht. Am geeignetsten erwies sich das Papier 2045 b Gl von Schl. & Sch.

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Summary The ionophoretic separation of ReCl₆ ^2–, ReBr₆ ^2–, and ReO₄ ^– has been examined using different kinds of paper. Best results have been obtained with the paper 2045 b Gl from Schleicher & Schüll.

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Herrn Prof. G. Brauer danke ich für Förderung. Für die Überlassung von Rheniumverbindungen bin ich der Fa. W. C. Heraeus, Hanau, verpflichtet. Die Neutronenaktivierung wurde freundlicherweise von den Herren Dr. Marth und Dr. Köhler von der Reaktorstation in Garching bei München vorgenommen. Das Bundesministerium für Atomkernenergie und Wasserwirtschaft unterstützte die Untersuchung durch eine Sachbeihilfe.     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O在60℃水中的溶解及相转化动？…

用动力学方法研究了２ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３·ＭｇＣｌ２·１４Ｈ２Ｏ在６０℃水中的溶解及相转化过程通过对不同时间取出液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离出固相所作鉴定结果表明,该复盐呈不同步溶解,中间产物是ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ２·４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２,最终转化产物是柱硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·３Ｈ２Ｏ）,提出了溶解及相转化机理,给出了溶解和转化结晶动力学方程。     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O在60℃水中的溶解及相转化动力学研究

用动力学方法研究了２ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３·ＭｇＣｌ２·１４Ｈ２Ｏ在６０℃水中的溶解及相转化过程．通过对不同时间取出液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离出固相所作鉴定结果表明：该复盐呈不同步溶解,中间产物是ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２,最终转化产物是柱硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·３Ｈ２Ｏ）．提出了溶解及相转化机理,给出了溶解和转化结晶动力学方程     

磷改性失活TS-1高效催化C5=裂解制备C2=/C3=反应的研究

发展C₅⁼催化裂解高效制乙烯和丙烯(C₂⁼/C₃⁼)技术具有重要的研究意义及工业应用价值,其核心在于高效催化剂的开发.本文发展了以失活钛硅分子筛TS-1(De-TS-1)为催化剂的C₅⁼催化裂解过程,研究发现,P改性后的De-TS-1显示出优异的催化反应性能,C₂⁼+C₃⁼选择性与单程寿命分别达77.1%和213 h,其综合催化性能优于经典的ZSM-5催化剂.进一步研究表明,De-TS-1的Br?nsted性质符合C₅⁼裂解高效裂解的基本要求,P改性可进一步降低De-TS-1中Br?nsted酸的酸密度和酸强度,从而促进了目标产物C₂⁼/C₃⁼生成的主反应,抑制了C₅     

五元体系Li+，Na+//CO32-，SO42-，B4O72--H2O 288 K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究五元体系Li⁺,Na⁺//CO₃^2-,SO₄^2-,B₄O₇^2--H₂O 288 K介稳相平衡关系,测定在288 K条件下的介稳平衡溶液中各组分的溶解度和溶液密度,根据实验数据绘制相应的介稳平衡相图及密度组成图。研究结果表明该五元体系介稳相平衡中有复盐Na₃Li(SO₄)₂·6H₂O生成,其介稳相图中有4个共饱点,9条单变量曲线,6个Li₂CO₃饱和的结晶区分别为LiBO₂·8H₂O,Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O,Na₂CO₃·10H₂O,Na₂SO₄,Li₂SO₄·H₂O和复盐Na₃Li(SO₄)₂·6H₂O。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XXX-MgO·2B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O过饱和溶液结晶动力学

对ＭｇＯ．２Ｂ２Ｏ３－１８％ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ过饱和和溶液在不同温度条件下的结晶动力学过程进行测定,给出结晶动力学方程析出固相采用Ｘ－射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和热分析进行物相鉴定,提出使用结晶法合成章氏硼镁石的新方法。     

Eine titrimetrische Bestimmung von ClO?, ClO2? und ClO3? aus einer Probe

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

五元体系Li+/Cl-，CO32-，SO42-，B4O72--H2O 298 K相关系实验研究

Zabuye saline lake, Tibet, China, is unrivalled in the world for its high concentration of chloride, sulfate, carbonate and borate of lithium, sodium and potassium. Always at the later stage of the evaporation of brines, most sodium and potassium salts are crystallized out, so the main components of brines can be described with the Li⁺, Mg²⁺/Cl^-, SO₄^2-, CO₃^2-, B₄O₇^2--H₂O system. As a part of study on the equilibrium of this complex system, the equilibrium solubilities and phase diagram of the quinary system Li⁺/Cl^-，CO₃^2-，SO₄^2-，B₄O₇^2--H₂O at 298 K were studied by isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. In the 3-dimentional solubility diagram or its projection diagram saturated with solid LiCl, there are four crystallization fields, four univariant curves and one invariant point. At the invariant point, the saturated solid salts are LiCl·H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O, Li₂CO₃and Li₂SO₄·H₂O. No double salt or solid solution is formed.     

水热特性对MgO·3B2O3-18%MgSO4-H2O过饱和溶液析出固相的影响

The supersaturated solution of MgO·3B₂O₃-18%MgSO₄-H₂O was prepared and then reacted under hy-drothermal condition at 120℃. The solid phases of the different time were identified by means of chemical analysis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM. The results show that the solid phases are spherical and sheet szaibelyite, which is different from those of non-hydrothermal condition. On these grounds we suggested the crystallization mechanism of sza-ibelyite under the hydrothermal condition and then discussed the effects of hydrothermal properties on the crystal-lization mechanism.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。