一种高集成温湿度测量系统的研制

利用智能温湿度传感器、8位单片机、键盘数字显示模块控制器构成一种高集成温湿度测量系统,该测量系统具有传感器非线性补偿、温度补偿、自校准以及断电保护现场置入等功能,可用于温度、湿度和露点的精确测量。     

试验箱温、湿度校准装置的研制

介绍试验箱温、湿度校准装置的模型建立,温、湿度传感器的选择及软硬件构成,利用温、湿度精密测量,多路信号输入,单片机控制等功能,实现装置的温、湿度多点校准。通过验证试验证明该装置测量准确可靠。     

基于比例积分-双流法的湿度可调配气系统的研制

浓度校准是气体分析仪器实现准确定量检测的前提,浓度校准需采用气体稀释系统。本研究将比例积分（Proportional integral, PI）算法与双流法结合,发展了一种新的湿度控制方法,即PI-双流法,并基于此建立了一套具有湿度调控功能的气体稀释新系统。首先,对系统中重要部件加湿器的性能进行考察,结果表明,加湿器出口处的相对湿度（Relative humidity, RH）存在一定波动（96%～103%）,因此,本系统通过引入自整定PI控制算法来减小波动对整个系统湿度控制精度的影响。随后,对新系统的性能进行考察,结果表明,本系统的RH调控范围为5%～100%, RH准确度最高可达0.026%RH(25℃,100%RH),调节时间最快可达38 s (25℃,500 mL/min),可跟踪周期大于175 s的正弦输入。在不同温度和RH条件下,研究了湿度对PTR-MS反应离子分布的影响,结果表明,本系统可在较宽湿度范围（10%～100%）内满足进样流量大且连续进样气体分析仪器（如PTR-MS）的应用需求。本系统有望用于受湿度影响的气体测量仪器的校准。     

油液颗粒污染检测仪的研制

研制了油液颗粒污染检测仪。采用高压注射泵取样系统控制取样精度,通过激光电源恒流控制电路设计提高了遮光原理颗粒计数传感器的稳定性。油基颗粒计数标准物质校准和比对测试结果表明,研制的油液颗粒污染检测仪的测试重复性和准确性达到国外同类仪器水平。     

冶金分析用块状标准样品研制过程中的成分设计

正按照国际标准对标准样品的新定义:一种或多种规定特性足够均匀或稳定的材料,已被确定其符合测量用途的~([1])。冶金块状标准样品根据预期用途可分为系列标准样品、类标准样品、再校准样品和检查样品~([2])。系列标准样品和类标准样品用于材料赋值与质量控制,再校准样品用于测量系统校准,检查样品用于测量系统评估。其中,系列标准样品和用于给材料赋值的类标准样品为有证标准样品,亦即其特性量值具有溯源性;而再校准样品的预期用途     

便携式湿度发生器的研制

介绍一种便携分流式湿度发生器的工作原理及研制过程。该便携式湿度发生器利用分流法湿度发生原理,采用微控制器和质量流量控制技术实现了自动发生不同流量、不同露点气体的功能,可为露点测试仪检定和校准提供动态标准湿度气体。通过验证试验证明,该装置测量准确可靠。     

一体化湿度校准装置的研制

介绍一体化湿度校准装置的原理、实现方法和性能特点。根据分流法原理研制湿度发生单元,根据露点法原理研制湿度控制单元,通过软硬件系统实现闭环控制,组成一体化的湿度校准装置。对其测量不确定度进行了评定,在露点–50~20℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.3℃(k=2);在露点–70~–50℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.5℃(k=2)。该装置具有自动化程度高、量值准确可靠、平衡时间短、便于移动或携带等特点,能够扩展分流法湿度发生器的应用领域。     

石油产品常压蒸馏特性测定法处理程序的编制

自行开发了适用于标准《石油产品常压蒸馏特性测定法》的结果计算程序,可自动实现校准数据引入、测试结果数据计算、测试结果超差判断、报表打印页生成等工作.     

毛细管黏度计自动检定/校准系统的研制

利用自动控温系统、测温电桥、自动计时系统和计算机控制平台组成一种毛细管黏度计自动检定/校准系统,该系统具有自动吸液、自动计时以及数据自动处理功能,可用于标准黏度液定值和毛细管黏度计检定/校准。     

有害气体检测传感器技术进展

介绍有害气体检测传感器研究进展。气体检测传感器主要有催化燃烧式传感器、热导式传感器、电化学传感器、红外传感器、金属氧化物半导体传感器、碳纳米管传感器等,基于气体传感器的检测原理,综述了常用气体检测器的应用范围和局限性。催化燃烧式传感器可以灵敏地检测爆炸下限以下可燃气体的浓度,但需注意防止其暴露于高浓度气体环境中;热导式传感器无需氧气供应,适用于检测热导率比空气高的低相对分子质量气体;电化学传感器对检测环境的温度、湿度变化敏感,适用于检测具有电化学活性的气体;红外传感器无需定期校准,适用于检测腐蚀性和反应性气体,但无法检测单质气体;金属氧化物半导体传感器可在高温环境下工作,并能灵敏地检测浓度为10^–9 mol/mol的气体;碳纳米管传感器只能用于检测强氧化还原性气体,通过对碳纳米管材料进行修饰改造可扩展其应用范围。最后对气体检测传感器的发展进行了展望。     

Transport efficiencies and analytical determinations with electrothermal vaporization employing electrostatic precipitation and electrothermal atomic spectroscopy

Analyte transport efficiencies of solid as well as liquid samples were determined for electrothermal vaporization (ETV). A graphite furnace of the boat-in-tube type was employed for ETV. The generated aerosol was transported by an argon flow via a tubing into an external precipitator and deposited on a L’vov platform with a corona-like discharge. The sample on the secondary platform was analysed with a laboratory-constructed coherent forward scattering multielement spectrometer. For determining the analyte transport efficiencies, the comparative measurements were carried out with standard solutions dosed directly on the platform in the spectrometer furnace. The simultaneously investigated elements were Cu, Fe and Mn in the standard reference material BCR CRM 189 wholemeal flour and in a multielement standard solution containing approximately the same element ratio as certified for the solid sample. ETV boat-to-L’vov platform transport efficiencies of approximately 19% for Cu, 24% for Fe and 19% for Mn were calculated for both solid samples and multielement standard solutions. Cu, Fe and Mn in wholemeal flour were determined simultaneously by calibrating against aqueous multielement standard solutions injected into the boat as well as by the standard addition method. The results agree satisfactorily, the deviations from the certified values are below 10% and the relative standard deviations are typically 5–8%. The limits of detection are 250 pg for Cu (λ=324.8 nm), 230 pg for Fe (λ=248.3 nm) and 90 pg for Mn (λ=279.8 nm), loaded into the ETV boat.     

Glyoxal measurement with a proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR‐TOF‐MS): characterization and calibration

We examine the potential for PTR‐TOF‐MS systems to quantitatively measure glyoxal in ambient air by characterizing the response of the instrument to a dilute glyoxal sample, calibrating the system as a function of humidity. The concentration of glyoxal in a sample air‐stream was measured with an UV absorption spectrometer in parallel to a PTR‐TOF‐MS. This calibration demonstrated that the PTR‐TOF‐MS has a relatively low sensitivity to glyoxal particularly at high humidity. Extensive fragmentation of glyoxal to formaldehyde was observed. This behaviour not only desensitizes PTR‐MS system to glyoxal; it may also pose a problem to the quantification of formaldehyde. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

用智能波长校正的扫描式电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定高炉渣中7种元素成份

本文利用作者所在实验室发现的，光栅单色仪的出射光谱线峰漂移与温度变化以及波长变化间的非线性函数关系，以及在此基础上所开发的扫描式ICP－AES光谱仪的智能波长校正装置，取代传统的局部恒温系统，测定了高炉位中的Si，Ca．Mg，Mn，Fe，Ti，Al7种元素成份。测定结果与标样的鉴定值一致，测量的相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．X％。智能波长校正装置的波长校正结果与话线峰描迹结果的比较表明，该智能彼长校正装置是有效的，具有省时、安全、结构简单的特点，有广泛的应用前景。     

Voltammetric concentration measurements in diffusion-hindered media

In voltammetric analysis the signal—in most cases—depends on transport processes. When getting concentration values of analytes from voltammetric calibrating curves, it is expected that the mass transport characteristics in sample solutions and in calibrating standards are identical. Standard addition methods are used in analytical practice when making calibrating standard with transport properties matching that of the samples would be difficult. Voltammetric measurements can also be carried out in soil—in sediment—or in gel samples. The mass transport conditions in these media, however, can considerably differ from those existing in aqueous solutions. The application of standard addition technique, however, is not an option there. In this work, a glassy carbon electrode was applied with a built-in diffusion layer on its measuring surface and chronoamperometric measurements were carried out. The current–time transients taken in aqueous solution and in tortuous, diffusion-hindered media were compared. Ascorbic acid and iodine as analytes as well as silica sand sediments and green pepper pulps as tortuous matrices were used. It was proved that if the modified electrode is used for analysis, then short time chronoamperometric transients taken in tortuous media can be evaluated by calibration data taken in aqueous standard solutions.     

钛及钛合金气体标准试样的制备及定值

研究了钛及钛合金的气体标准试样制备工艺和数据处理方案，对标准试样长期考察的结果。证明了它的准确性，稳定性是令人满意的。适用于氢氧分析仪器的校准和分析的验证。     

XRF方法在铜镍尾矿分析中的应用

介绍了XRF方法在铜镍尾矿分析中的基本原理,讨论了湿度、压样力度、基体效应对测量结果的影响,建立了基体效应校正模型。对某矿区的铜镍尾矿样品进行了分析。结果表明,该法精密度好,测定Cu的相对标准偏差为1.215%,N i为1.768%,可实现铜镍尾矿中Cu、N i元素含量的准确、无损、快速分析。     

痕量氡气测量仪器自动标定装置的研制

研究了空气中痕量氡的动态稳定技术和氡及其子体浓度的准确测量方法.研制了具有氡浓度自动控制、温湿度调控、气溶胶发生/采集等功能的标准氡室,并建立了主氡室标称体积达4 m3的氡测量仪器检定/校准装置和氡子体放射性气溶胶检测与实验研究平台.研究表明,本装置测氡浓度范围为370～20000 Bq/m3;检测精确度达3％;单点校...     

差示扫描量热仪检定用标准物质的研制

介绍了四种差示扫描量热仪温度标准物质的研制过程及所取得的研究成果。     

Standard pK(a) Scales of Carbon-Centered Indicator Acids in Ionic Liquids: Effect of Media and Structural Implication

Energetics of bond dissociation, especially the R-H bond heterolysis free energy (pK(a)), has played a central role in promoting chemistry to become a rational science. Despite the oceans of acidity studies in the literature, the current knowledge is limited to that in the classical molecular solvents and is unable to be extended to anticipate the acidity changes in ionic media. As the latter is now very popular for replacing volatile organic solvents, it becomes highly desirable to know how the driving force of bond cleavage is varied as the medium composition is switched from neutral molecules to the charged ions. Here we describe a general approach to measure absolute pK(a)'s in pure ionic liquid (IL). The standard conditions warranting accurate measurement were outlined. The pK(a)'s of the selected 18 C-H type indicator acids in four ILs were determined and a convenient indicator platform was constructed for easy expansion of acidity scales. These absolute pK(a)'s make possible, for the first time, direct comparisons of bond energies in IL with those in molecular solvent and in the gas phase and should be able to serve as the standard parameters for calibrating computational methods suitable for the studies in ionic media. The effect of cation and anion in IL in relation to structure was analyzed.     

智能化渗透式标准湿度发生器的设计

介绍智能化渗透式标准湿度发生器的工作原理,及其软、硬件构成和系统软件的实现方式。