Adsorption properties of membrane catalysts

A method for adsorption measurements on catalysts with small surface areas has been devised. The adsorption of argon has been examined on membrane catalysts made from Pd–Ni and Pd–Ru alloys before and after catalytic experiments. A sharp change of the adsorption properties and an increase in the surface areas of catalysts after reactions have been observed.

---

. Pd–Ni Pd–Ru . - .

     

Methane Adsorption on Planar WS2 and on WS2-Fullerene and -Nanotube Containing Samples

Adsorption-desorption cycles were measured for methane on non-irradiated WS₂, and on irradiated WS₂ (which contained, in part, WS₂ fullerenes and nanotubes). Both types of samples were further subdivided into three sets: one set received no further treatment, another set was heated under vacuum, and the last set was acid-treated and heated. The specific surface area was determined for each set; so was the presence or absence of a hysteresis loop in the adsorption-desorption cycles. The results of these two groups of measurements were correlated with the space available for adsorption. The implications of the results for the experimental determination of the dimensionality of gas adsorbed at the interior of nanotubes are discussed.     

Physical and chemical properties of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamines

Physical and chemical properties of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamines were studied, isotherms of a surface tension of homologous series of these compounds on a liquid-gas interface in water and hydrochloric acid were obtained.     

TPAOH处理制备的微介孔催化剂物化性质与噻吩烷基化性能研究

采用不同浓度的TPAOH溶液处理不同SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比的HZSM-5分子筛,制备了微孔-介孔多级孔HZSM-5催化剂。结果表明,采用不同浓度的TPAOH溶液处理不同SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比的HZSM-5分子筛能够脱出HZSM-5分子筛的骨架硅而产生介孔,介孔孔径随TPAOH溶液浓度和SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比的增大而增大;TPAOH溶液处理能够调变HZSM-5催化剂的酸性。采用不同浓度的TPAOH溶液处理SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比分别为50、80和150的HZSM-5分子筛,其中,SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比为50的HZSM-5弱中酸酸强度、相对酸量、B酸和L酸含量明显高于SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比为80和150的HZSM-5分子筛。经不同浓度的TPAOH溶液处理后SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比为50的HZSM-5催化剂具有最佳的噻吩烷基化反应性能。     

Adsorption properties of Ni-Pd catalysts supported on aluminum oxide

The surface composition of Ni-Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts has been studied using XPES and adsorption methods. The bimetallic catalysts differ from the single-metal Ni and Pd catalysts in the dispersivity of the metal phase which depends on the method of preparation and the presence of K⁺ promoter. A catalyst produced by the immersion method is strongly enriched in Pd compared with impregnated catalysts.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1746–1751, August, 1991.     

Determination of chemical kinetic properties of heterogeneous catalysts

The importance of cooperation of heterogeneous catalysis with surface science is stressed for simultaneous adsorptive and catalytic measurements. Inverse gas chromatography and reversed-flow gas chromatography offer a suitable research ground for such collaboration. After a short introduction, adsorption physicochemical quantities of heterogeneous catalysts with typical recent results, chemical kinetic properties and surface energy of catalysts are described, stressing the important aspect of time-resolved chromatography, due to the heterogeneity of the solid surface of catalysts. Adsorption energies, local monolayer capacities, local isotherms and energy distribution functions are extensively described. Also, lateral molecular interactions, surface diffusion and adsorption rates on heterogeneous catalysts are described.     

Surface and catalytic properties of Cu/Zn mixed oxide catalysts

Copper catalysts supported on zinc oxide, with different loading (1–20 wt.% CuO), were prepared by impregnation of the basic zinc carbonate with a water solution of copper nitrate. The impregnated samples were dried at 120°C and calcined at 400–700°C. The surface and catalytic properties of CuO loaded on ZnO were determined by N₂ adsorption measurements conducted at −196°C and CO oxidation by O₂ at 150–300°C, respectively. The results obtained revealed that the surface and catalytic properties of different solids were dependent upon CuO content and calcination temperature. The specific surface areas of various adsorbents decreased monotonically as a function of both calcination temperature and extent of loading. However, the activation energy of sintering, ΔE_S, was found to increase by increasing the amount of CuO present. On the other hand, the CO oxidation activity on various catalysts was found to increase progressively by increasing the calcination temperature from 400 to 500°C, then decreased by increasing the temperature from 500 to 700°C. The augmentation of CuO content from 1 to 5 wt.% resulted in an increase in the CO oxidation activity, which decreased by increasing the extent of loading above this limit.     

Adsorption and micellar properties of a mixed system of nonionic-nonionic surfactants

We study the surface adsorption and bulk micellization of a mixed system of two nonionic surfactants, namely, ethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E1) and tetraethylene glycol mono-n-tetradecyl ether (C14E4), at different mixing ratios at 15 degrees C. The pure C14E4 monolayer cannot show any indicative features of phase transition because of both hydration-induced and dipolar repulsive interactions between the bulky head groups. On the other hand, the monolayers of pure C12E1 and its mixture with C14E4 undergo a first-order phase transition, showing a variety of surface patterns in the coexistence region between the liquid expanded (LE) and liquid condensed (LC) phases under the same experimental conditions. For pure C12E1, the domains are of a fingering pattern while those for the C12E1/C14E4 mixed system are found to be compact circular and small irregular structures at 2:1 and 1:1 molar ratios, respectively. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of both the pure and the mixed systems were measured to understand the micellar behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. The cmc values of the mixed system were also calculated assuming ideal behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. The experimental and calculated values are found to be very close to each other, suggesting an almost ideal nature of mixing. The interaction parameters for mixed monolayer and micelle formation were calculated to understand the mutual behavior of the surfactants in the mixture. It is observed that the interaction parameters for mixed monolayer formation are more negative than those of micelle formation, indicating a stronger interaction between the surfactants during monolayer formation. It is concluded that since both the surfactants bear EO units in their head groups, structural parity and hydrogen bonding between the surfactants allow them to be closely packed during monolayer and micelle formation.