反丁烯二酸酯类共聚物的结构与性能

反丁烯二酸酯类单体的聚合反应研究结果表明,反丁烯二酸二异丙酯(DiPF)、反丁烯二酸二叔丁酯(DtBF)等单体形成的聚合物是一种具有较高分子量的非常脆的高分子材料;而由反丁烯二酸二正烷基酯,如反丁烯二酸二正丙酯(DnPF)等单体所形成的聚合物则是一种分子量较低的粘稠状聚合物。为了改善聚合物的力学性能,我们曾对DiPF和DtBF单体分别同反丁烯二酸二正丙酯(DnPF)、反丁烯二酸二正丁酯(DnBF)、反丁烯二酸二正戊酯     

几种反丁烯二酸酯的自由基聚合反应研究

以 AIBN及BPO为引发剂,对几种自制的反丁烯二酸酯(DRFs)单体,如反丁烯二酸二环已酯(DCHCF)、反丁烯二酸二仲丁酯(DsBF)、反丁烯二酸二仲戊酯(DsAF)、反丁烯二酸甲基异丙基酯(MiPF)等单体的自由基聚合反应进行了研究。研究了它们的自由基聚合反应动力学,并求得它们的聚合反应表现活化能值在80.0～95KJ/mol之间。采用IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR等手段对所得到的聚合物结构进行了表征。还对聚合物的溶解性及热性能进行了研究。     

反丁烯二酸酯类的自由基聚合反应研究

以AIBN或BPO为引发剂,采用自由基聚合方法研究了十几种反丁烯二酸酯类(DRFs)的聚合反应。结果表明,随着DRFs单体中酯基结构的不同,单体的聚合反应活性差别很大,其大小顺序为DCHF>DtBF>DiPF>MiPF,DEF,DsBF,DsAF>DEHF>DnHF>DiBF,DiAF,DnPF,DnBF,DnAF。结合实验结果及聚合物的结构分析,从单体的结构和链自由基的结构出发,对上述现象进行了初步的解释。采用IR,~1H-NMR等表征手段,对得到的DRFs聚合物进行了结构表征,研究了DRFs聚合物的表观形态及其成膜性能。     

富马酸二异丙酯—富马酸二正庚酯共聚物的合成与气体透过性能

自Bengough等用自由基引发聚合的方法首次得到了较高分子量的聚富马酸二乙酯后,有关富马酸酯(DRFs)类单体的聚合反应及其结构性能已进行了许多研究。结果表明,这类单体的聚合物在聚合反应活性、聚合物结构及性能等方面均有某些独特的性质,如聚富马酸二异丙酯(PDiPF)和聚富马酸二特丁酯(PDtBF)两种聚合物具有良好的氧氮透过性。我们曾研究十几种DRFs单体的聚合反应,得出非正烷基酯基的单体如富马酸二异丙酯(DiPF),富马     

聚反丁烯二酸酯的结构与性能

采用自由基聚合法合成了的聚反丁烯二酸二特丁酯(PDtBF)、聚反丁烯二酸二异丙酯(PDiPF)、聚反丁烯二酸二仲丁酯(PDsBF)、聚反丁烯二酸二仲戊酯(PDsAF)、聚反丁烯二酸二环已酯(PDCHF)和聚反丁烯二酸甲基异丙基酯(PMiPF)这六种不同的反丁烯二酸酯类聚合物,利用~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR等表征手段对上述几种聚合物的链结构进行了分析表征。利用X-射线衍射方法对聚合物的聚集态结构进行了研究,结果表明,上述几种聚合物均具有较高的分子量,并表现出很强的脆性,聚合物的分子链间距随聚合物中酯基体积的增大而增加,对聚合物的热性能等进行了初步研究。     

反丁烯二酸二异丙酯的自由基聚合

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,反丁烯二酸二异丙酯的聚合反应是按双键开链式加聚反应机理进行的。聚合反应的表观活化能为79.8kJ/mol。同时还测定了聚合物的某些热性能。     

反丁烯二酸酯类共聚物的透气性能

反丁烯二酸酯类聚合物的气体分离性能研究已有许多报道。聚反丁烯二酸二叔丁酯(Po_2=130barrer,ao_2/N_2=3.7)和聚反丁烯二酸二异丙酯(Po_2=51barrer,ao_2/N_2=2.9)等都具有较好的氧氮分离性能。但是,由于这类聚合物的脆性很大,使其应用受到较大的限制。本文报道不同系列的反丁烯二酸酯类共聚物的合成和它们的氧氮透过性能。 实验部分     

丙烯酸甲酯与N-对卤苯基甲基丙烯酰胺共聚合的研究

<正> 我们已经报道过甲基丙烯酸甲酯与N-对卤苯基甲基丙烯酰胺共聚合的研究。本文工作合成了丙烯酸甲酯与N-对卤苯基甲基丙烯酰胺共聚体,研究了这二组共聚体系的聚合反应、共聚体的组成、估算了单体的竞聚率,比较了这两种酰胺对丙烯酸甲酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的反应活性。     

N-甲基丙烯酰-N′-甲基哌嗪在嵌段聚醚氨酯膜上的Co~(60)-γ辐射接枝的研究

<正> 用亲水性单体对嵌段聚醚氨酯(SPEU)膜接枝共聚以改善其抗凝血性能,在医用材料的研究中已引起普遍重视,但由于一般化学方法接枝引发系统中带入的小分子常常对产品的医用性质造成不利的影响。我们曾报道通过Co~(60)-γ射线预辐照法用亲水性单体对以PTMG;MDI与不同的二胺类扩链剂制备的SPEU膜接枝共聚。本文在此基础上选用了两种单体AMP和MAMP。     

超临界二氧化碳中含氟聚合物的合成

超临界二氧化碳是廉价、低毒、不易燃、易回收、环境友好的惰性聚合介质,是传统有机溶剂的替代品。尤其是有望成为含氟单体的聚合溶剂,以替代目前使用的氟氯烃。本文详细地介绍了近年来以超临界二氧化碳为介质的氟烷基丙烯酸酯类单体和氟烯烃类单体的聚合反应研究,其中涉及氟烷基丙烯酸酯类单体的均聚和共聚,可熔融加工的四氟乙烯聚合物,离子交换树脂,偏氟乙烯的均聚和共聚合等。研究表明在超临界二氧化碳中的含氟单体的聚合反应有其它溶剂体系无法比拟的优点。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Fumarate Copolyesters for Use in Bioresorbable Bone Cement Compositions

Unsaturated amorphous copolyesters of varied composition were prepared by transesterification copolymerization of diethyl fumarate, and two diols, 1,2‐propanediol and 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol. The copolyesters were characterized by IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. The glass transition is changing with composition from 0°C to 19°C as the content of 1,2‐propanediol residue in the copolyester increases. The copolyester structure and composition have an impact on the compressive strength and hydrolytic stability of the composites prepared by crosslinking the fumarate double bonds with N‐vinyl pyrrolidone in the presence of inorganic filler, calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the addition of a radical initiator, benzoyl peroxide, at ambient temperatures.     

Towards Green Routes for Polymer Synthesis: Polymerization of Cyclodextrin Host‐Guest Complexed Diethyl Fumarate and Copolymerization with Complexed Styrene in Homogenous Aqueous Solution

Summary: The radical homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene ( 1 ) and diethyl fumarate (DEF, 2 ) in the presence of methylated β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) in water is described. It has been shown for the first time that homopolymerization of CD‐complexed DEF and its copolymerization with CD‐complexed styrene occur readily in aqueous solution. In the absence of CD, or in organic solvents, the homopolymerization of DEF is strongly retarded.

     

Radical polymerization of isopropyl tert-butyl fumarate and maleate,and characterization of the resulting polymers

Radical polymerization of isopropyl tert-butyl fumarate (iPtBF) and monomer-isomerization radical polymerization of isopropyl tert-butyl maleate (iPtBM) were investigated with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in the presence and absence of morpholine (Mor) as isomerization catalyst. It was found that iPtBF gave high molecular weight polymers in high yield as previously observed for diisopropyl fumarate (DiPF) and di-tert-butyl fumarate (DtBF). It was confirmed that iPtBF produced by in situ monomer isomerization of iPtBM homopolymerized to give a polymer. Radical copolymerization of iPtBM with styrene in the presence and absence of Mor was also performed and monomer reactivity ratios obtained were compared. From the kinetic study of the isomerization of iPtBM, it was revealed that the isomerization rate showed first-order dependence on the concentration of iPtBM and Mor, and that the apparent activation energy was 29.4 kJ/mol. On pyrolysis of the poly(iPtBF) at 180°C, isobutene and isopropanol were eliminated rapidly to yield polymer containing carboxyl groups and anhydrides. The pyrolytic behavior was different from that of a copolymer of DiPF with DtBF.     

Bioconversion of fumarate to succinate using glycerol as a carbon source

In this study, a facultative bacterium that converts fumarate to succinate at a high yield was isolated. The yield of biocon version was enhanced about 1.2 times by addition of glucose into culture medium at an initial concentration of 6 g/L. When the initial cell density was high (2 g/L), the succinate produced at pH 7.0 for initial fumarate concentrations of 30, 50, 80, and 100 g/L were 29.3, 40.9, 63.6, and 82.5 g/L, respectively, showing an increase with the initial fumarate concentration. The high yield of 96.8%/mole of fumarate in just 4 h was obtained at the initial fumarate concentration of 30 g/L. Comparing these values to those obtained with low cell culture (0.2 g/L), we found that the amount of succinate produced was similar, but the production rate in the high cell culture was about three times higher than was the case in the low cell culture. This strain converted fumarate to succinate at a rate of 3.5 g/L·h under the sparge of CO₂.     

Novel Copolymer of Diisopropyl Fumarate and Benzyl Acrylate Synthesized Under Microwave Energy and Quasielastic Light Scattering Measurements

Microwave assisted free radical copolymerization of diisopropyl fumarate (DIPF) and benzyl acrylate (BzA) with different copolymer compositions was performed using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The effect of the reaction conditions on the macromolecular characteristics, monomer reactivity ratio and copolymer properties were studied. The monomer conversion and average molecular weights increase with the content of BzA units in the copolymer. The copolymers were characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopies and the molecular weights were analyzed with size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The reactivity ratios obtained from an extended Kelen-Tüdös method under microwave irradiations are a factor which is double than those obtained by thermal copolymerization. The product r₁r₂ = 0.152 suggests a preference of both propagating macroradicals toward consecutive homopolymerization. The hydrodynamic and polydispersity size were measured in ethylacetate, tetrahydrofuran and methylethylketone with a quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) technique showing that the quality of the solvents increases in the order: EA < THF < MEK.     

一种新的三维超分子化合物[Ni(H2O)6(fum)]·2(hmt)·4H2O的合成和晶体结构(fum=反丁烯二酸根；hmt=六次甲基四胺)

The synthesis of nickel supramolecular compound with hexamethylenetetramine and fumarate ligands is reported. The compound [Ni(H₂O)₆(fum)]·2(hmt)·4H₂O (1) (fum=fumarate; hmt=hexamethylenetetramine) were characterized by elemental analysis, crystal structure, IR. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, and with Z=1. Cell parameters: a=0. 934 6(1), b=0.933 8(1), c=0.938 8(2) nm, α=79.46(1)°, β=77.84(1)°, γ=61.29 6(7)°. Every metal ion has a octahedral coordination geometry formed by six oxygen atoms from six water molecules, and the relative independent components [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺, fumarate anions, hmt and H₂O molecules are linked together by two kinds of hydrogen bonds (O-H…O, and O-H…N) to form a three-dimensional structure. CCDC: 256355.     

Synthesis of transparent block copolymers consisting of poly(diisopropyl fumarate) and poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) segments by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using trithiocarbonates as the chain transfer agents

The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of diisopropyl fumarate (DiPF) was carried out using ethyl 2-[[(dodecylthio)thioxymethyl]thio]-2-methylpropionate (T1) and 1,1′-(1,2-ethanediyl) bis[2-[[(dodecylthio)thioxymethyl]thio]-2-methylpropionate] (T2) as the monofunctional and difunctional chain transfer agents (CTAs) to synthesize poly(diisopropyl fumarate) (PDiPF) with a rigid chain conformation. The obtained PDiPF had a well-controlled molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and structure of the chain ends. Size exclusion chromatography and NMR measurements revealed an excellent introduction efficiency (84–98%) of the terminal trithiocarbonate group into the polymer chain end. They were available as the monofunctional and difunctional macro-CTAs to synthesize the AB and ABA block copolymers, respectively. While the well-controlled block copolymers were solely obtained by the polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate as the second monomer in the presence of PDiPF as the macro-CTA, the block copolymerization of DiPF using poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) as the macro-CTA failed. The trithiocarbonate group at the chain end was completely removed by the reaction with n-butylamine and it was valid for the improvement of the coloration and other optical properties of the transparent polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 2584–2594     

富马酸单正烷基酯的合成和表征

马来酸酐(1)和C1～C8正烷基醇(2a～2h)发生醇解反应生成马来酸单正烷基酯,后者接着在无水AlCl3存在下加热发生异构化反应,得到富马酸C1～C8单正烷基酯(3a～3h),醇解反应和异构化反应的总收率79.2%～87.3%。其结构经ESI-MS,IR和1H NMR表征。