岩土工程下沉贯入数值模拟方法研究进展

岩土工程下沉贯入领域的数值分析,由于结构物贯入时网格变形过大而产生扭曲畸变等问题,常会造成收敛困难甚至计算结果失真.采用合适的数值方法分析此类问题颇具挑战性.本文系统介绍了近年来对于岩土下沉贯入数值模拟的研究现状和发展动态,对各种数值模拟方法的相关原理、主要特征以及优缺点进行简要的探讨.并简要介绍耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日(coupled Eulerian--Lagrangian,CEL)有限元法的基本原理,通过不排水条件下的条形基础贯入问题和砂土中桩的静压下沉示例分析,表明CEL有限元法在模拟岩土贯入问题时计算结果的准确性和较其他模拟方法的优势.文中所阐述的岩土贯入分析数值模拟方法可供从事岩土贯入分析的相关学者借鉴参考.     

岩石试样弹塑性破裂过程的数值模拟分析

依据岩土类材料的非匀质性特性，并采用对材料参数进行随机赋值的方法研制了弹塑性破裂过程数值分析程序，并用实例证明了程序的可靠性。应用该程序对岩石试样弹塑性破裂过程进行数值模拟研究．分析表明：数值模拟结果与试验研究结果是吻合的。从而为工程岩体断裂分析提出了一种可能的方法与途径。     

岩土力学近期发展浅议

本文对岩土力学研究中的几个主要方面作了简要的介绍与讨论,包括岩土介质的本构关系、 岩体断裂性质、节理与层面问题、现场测试、室内试验有待解决的问题、岩土介质与上部结构物的共同作用、环境岩土力学与工程、数值分析与计算机辅助设计以及岩土力学与工程中的不确定性问题.文中还对学科发展与工程应用、数值计算与数值模拟、研究方法与技术途径、新领域与学科之间的相互渗透以及岩土力学与工程当前的有利与不利之处分别作了简要的说明与讨论.     

SHPB试验中岩石试件的端面不平行修正

为研究短圆柱体岩石试件端面不平行对岩石动力学特性测试结果的影响,采用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对9种端面不平行度和5种杨氏模量的岩石试件开展SHPB(split Hopkinson pressure bar)试验数值模拟,对岩石选用HJC(Holmquist-Johnson-Cook)本构模型。数值模拟结果表明,当端面不平行度在0.40%以内时,端面不平行对动态应力测试结果的影响可忽略不计;但对动态应变测试结果的影响较大。当杨氏模量一定时,平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差随端面不平行度增大呈线性增大;当端面不平行度一定时,平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差随杨氏模量增大也呈线性增大。对数值模拟得到的平均应变率测试误差和峰值应变测试误差实施二元线性回归分析,提出了SHPB试验中端面不平行岩石试件平均应变率和峰值应变的修正公式。     

速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性分析

分析了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差特性。根据激光陀螺的闭锁方程,分别从数值模拟和理论分析两种途径对速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性进行了研究。结果一致表明:速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差与锁区大小成正比,与过锁区的加速度的平方根成反比,与刻度因子的平方根成反比。文中具体给出了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差方程。过锁区误差为速率偏频激光陀螺的主要误差源。     

基于误差马尾图量化爆轰数值模拟结果的置信度

针对爆轰流体力学数值模拟过程中输入参数的不确定性, 通过抽样技术, 形成确定性爆轰流体力学程序的各种输入和数值求解, 建立输入参数与输出响应量的样本, 再通过概率框架下的误差累积分布函数与马尾图, 给出了爆轰数值模拟过程中输入参数不确定度对模拟结果影响的置信度量化方法。通过一维黎曼问题、平面爆轰问题计算了误差马尾图, 给出了二维爆轰拉氏自适应流体动力学LAD2D程序计算网格与模拟结果置信度的关系, 对多物理爆轰过程发展高置信度数值模拟软件有很好的借鉴作用。     

岩土力学数值分析和解析方法讨论会

由中国力学学会岩土力学专业委员会倡议,邀请中国土木工程学会土力学及基础工程学会、中国水利学会岩土力学专业委员会共同发起的"岩土力学数值分析和解析方法讨论会"于1982年3月在广西南宁举行。     

岩土力学数值分析和解析方法讨论会

由中国力学学会岩土力学专业委员会倡议,邀请中国土木工程学会土力学及基础工程学会、中国水利学会岩土力学专业委员会共同发起的“岩土力学数值分析和解析方法讨论会”于1982年3月在广西南宁举行。     

拱形防撞装置摆锤碰撞试验及数值模拟研究

为了验证拱形桥梁拱形防撞装置船撞有限元结构计算中结构应变响应的准确性以及寻找计算中影响应变响应的因素,通过拱形防撞装置1:25比例模型摆锤碰撞试验以及有限元数值模拟进行对比验证分析.对拱形防撞装置1:25比例模型进行摆锤碰撞试验,采集试验中碰撞力和关键点的应变响应曲线,并对试验进行漂浮状态下无阻尼和有阻尼两种情况的数值模拟对比分析.分析发现无阻尼模型计算出的应变响应不论是响应趋势还是应变峰值点的大小都与试验相差较大.通过在有限元无阻尼模型中引入Rayleigh质量比例阻尼分析,试验采集到的应变峰值与有限元数值模拟分析出的应变峰值之间的误差约为8.7%,应变响应趋势也基本一致.因此,有阻尼计算模型可应用于实际结构的计算中,应变峰值误差也可作为实际结构应力计算结果评价的参考指标,并可将该误差作为工程安全系数的一部分来考虑.     

一种冲击动应力的实验系统与结果分析

为探究以材料力学理论为基础的冲击动应力问题实际与理论结果的差别程度,设计开发了冲击动应力实验装置,并测量了重锤在不同冲击高度下冲击悬臂梁的动荷系数. 同时利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA 软件对同一问题进行了数值模拟. 动荷系数模拟结果与实验值的相对差不超过3.1%,与理论值相对差在14%～23%之间. 实验和数值模拟起到相互印证的作用. 这一结论加强了对冲击动应力问题的模型、理论和误差范围的理解,在实际应用中有助于对误差范围的判断.     

Finite element framework for describing dynamic wetting phenomena

The finite element simulation of dynamic wetting phenomena, requiring the computation of flow in a domain confined by intersecting a liquid–fluid free surface and a liquid–solid interface, with the three‐phase contact line moving across the solid, is considered. For this class of flows, different finite element method (FEM) implementations have been used in the literature, and in some cases, these produced apparently contradictory results. In the present paper, a robust framework for the FEM simulation of dynamic wetting flows is developed, which, by consistently adhering to the FEM methodology, leaves no room for ad hoc ‘optional’ variations in the numerical handling of these flows. The developed approach makes it possible to conduct a convergence study, assess the spatial resolution required to achieve a preset accuracy and provide the corresponding benchmark calculations. This analysis allows one to identify numerical artefacts, which had previously been interpreted as physical effects, and demonstrates that suppressing numerical errors using a ‘strong’ implementation of a boundary condition creates bigger and less detectable errors elsewhere in the computational domain. We provide practical recommendations on the spatial resolution required by a numerical scheme for a given set of non‐dimensional similarity parameters and give a user‐friendly step‐by‐step guide specifying the entire implementation, which allows the reader to easily reproduce all presented results including the benchmark calculations. It is also shown how the developed framework accommodates generalizations of the mathematical model accounting for additional physical effects, such as gradients in surface tensions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved algorithm of light scattering by a coated sphere

An efficient numerical algorithm for computing the light scattering by a coated sphere is proposed. The calculation of relevant functions by different recurrence algorithms is discussed. The new algorithm avoids the numerical difficulties, which give rise to significant errors encountered in practice by prior methods. Exemplifying results such as extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, light scattering intensity as well as calculation speed are provided. The results show that this algorithm is efficient, fast, numerically stable and accurate.     

Effects of Fracture Boundary Conditions on Matrix-fracture Transfer Shape Factor

The matrix-fracture transfer shape factor is one of the important parameters in modeling naturally fractured reservoirs. Four decades after Warren and Root (1963, SPEJ, 245–255.) introduced the double porosity concept and suggested a relation for it, this parameter is still not completely understood. Even for a single-phase flow problem, investigators report different shape factors. This study shows that for a single-phase flow in a particular matrix block, the shape factor that Warren and Root defined is not unique and depends on the pressure in the fracture and how it changes with time. We use the Laplace domain analytical solutions of the diffusivity equation for different geometries and different boundary conditions to show that the shape factor depends on the fracture pressure change with time. In particular, by imposing a constant fracture pressure as it is typically done, one obtains the shape factor that Lim and Aziz (1995, J. Petrolean Sci. Eng. 13, 169.) calculated. However, other shape factors, similar to those reported in other studies are obtained, when other boundary conditions are chosen. Although, the time variability of the boundary conditions can be accounted for by the Duhamel’s theorem, in practice using large time-steps in numerical simulations can potentially introduce large errors in simulation results. However, numerical simulation models make use of a stepwise approximation of this theorem. It is shown in this paper that this approximation could lead to large errors in matrix-fracture transfer rate if large time-steps are chosen.     

Convergence to a Model in Sparse-Lagrangian FDF Simulations

This work investigates the problem of distinguishing modelling assumptions and numerical errors in sparse-Lagrangian FDF (Filtered Density Function) methods. A new interpretation of sparse modelling with Curl’s mixing, which does not require an additional observation scale nor filtering, is given. The diffusion effects induced by mixing, which were previously interpreted as numerical errors, are now treated as modelling instruments. This ability of controlling numerical errors with the purpose of modelling physical quantities is one of the advantages of Lagrangian particle methods in turbulent reacting flows. The development of stochastic methods which use Lagrangian particles has been ongoing for many years, although the exact interpretation of the nature of such particles varies within the literature. Here we briefly discuss these interpretations and introduce the new term—“Pope particles”—to unify terminology used for the particle simulations of turbulent reacting flows.     

静动载作用下牙冠的断裂失效模式

<正>常牙齿存在许多薄弱结构,如窝沟、楔状缺损和牙隐裂等.如何评估这些薄弱结构对牙齿裂纹产生和断裂的影响,一直缺乏有效的评价方法.利用实验和有限元分析两种方法,初步分析了牙冠在静动载荷作用下的断裂模式.研究结果表明,结构因素是决定牙冠断裂的最重要因素,牙冠断裂常常发生在结构薄弱的地方,且牙冠断裂符合第二强度准则.本研究为临床诊断和治疗提供一定的理论依据.     

Experimental buckling of GRP cylindrical shells

During the setup of an experiment, errors may occur. Sources of such errors may be due to several factors which sometimes accumulate and then cause erroneous results. An experimental investigation on buckling of GRP (glass-reinforced-plastic) cylindrical shells, subject to axial compression and/or external pressure loading, has been carried out. At the beginning of the experiment, the initial geometrical imperfections were measured. Because of the small size of these quantities and the great effect these imperfections had on buckling loads, any small errors in the measurement procedure may lead to unreasonable results. Attempts have been made to detect these errors, and to identify and minimize their effect on experimental results. Tables are provided to show a comparison between the final experimental results and the corresponding theoretical ones.     

Numerical simulation of vortex evolution based on adaptive wavelet method

The application of the wavelet method to vortex motion prediction is investigated. First, the wavelet method is used to solve two initial boundary problems so as to verify its abilities of controlling numerical errors and capturing local structures. Then, the adaptive wavelet method is used to simulate the vortex emerging process. The results show that the wavelet method can control numerical errors easily, can capture local structures adaptively, and can predict the vortex fluctuation evolution. Therefore, the application of the wavelet method to turbulence is suggested.     

Study of numerical errors in direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation

By comparing the energy spectrum and total kinetic energy, the effects of numerical errors (which arise from aliasing and discretization errors), subgrid-scale (SGS) models, and their interactions on direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) are investigated. The decaying isotropic turbulence is chosen as the test case. To simulate complex geometries, both the spectral method and Pade compact difference schemes are studied. The truncated Navier-Stokes (TNS) equation model with Pade discrete filter is adopted as the SGS model. It is found that the discretization error plays a key role in DNS. Low order difference schemes may be unsuitable. However, for LES, it is found that the SGS model can represent the effect of small scales to large scales and dump the numerical errors. Therefore, reasonable results can also be obtained with a low order discretization scheme.     

润滑接触中弹性变形的快速数值计算

研究了弹性变形的计算特点 ,并在简单回顾卷积算法的基础上给出了一种利用快速傅立叶变换 (FFT)和离散圆卷积计算弹性变形的方法 .计算表明 ,通过对压力信号和影响系数 -响应函数 (Green函数 )进行简单的预处理 ,可以获得准确的弹性变形 ,其计算精度和多层网格积分法相当 ,而计算速度则是多层网格积分法的 3倍左右 ,是一种准确、高效的数值计算方法     

A model study for the steady state error of numerical approximations of inviscid flow equations on Cartesian grid

The widely used locally adaptive Cartesian grid methods involve a series of abruptly refined interfaces. In this paper we consider the influence of the refined interfaces on the steady state errors for second‐order three‐point difference approximations of flow equations. Since the various characteristic components of the Euler equations should behave similarly on such grids with regard to refinement‐induced errors, it is sufficient enough to conduct the analysis on a scalar model problem. The error we consider is a global error, different to local truncation error, and reflects the interaction between multiple interfaces. The steady state error will be compared to the errors on smooth refinement grids and on uniform grids. The conclusion seems to support the numerical findings of Yamaleev and Carpenter (J. Comput. Phys. 2002; 181: 280–316) that refinement does not necessarily reduce the numerical error. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.