非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4表面上激光促进甲烷直接氧化合成甲醇的研究

用溶胶—凝胶法合成了非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4。用XRD和TPR表征了其结构和晶格氧的活性;用IR和TPD表征了CH4在其表面上的吸附行为;用LSSR方法考察了CH4直接氧化合成CH3OH的反应规律。结果表明,Fe0.5Al0.5PO4具有非晶态的结构,FePO4和AlPO4的微区被均匀地相互隔离,导致固体本身不具有长程有序性。非晶态的Fe0.5Al0.5PO4与晶态的Fe0.5Al0.5PO4相比,其晶格氧的活性大且活性氧的含量高。CH4以分子态吸附于固体表面P=O键上,非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4表面上CH4的吸附强度和吸附量都较晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4上大。用1073 cm-1的激光激发固体表面P=O键,在100℃以上CH4的直接氧化反应顺利进行,CH3OH保持高选择性。在相同的反应条件下,非晶态Fe0.5Al0.5PO4能更有效地促进反应的进行,表明在激发相同表面化学键的情况下,固体表面材料的其它性质如粒度、比表面积和晶格氧的活性对反应也有一定程度的影响。     

3D anchoring structured for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@cornstalk-C cathode materials

The organic carbon source coating LiFe_xMn_1-xPO₄ suffers from the problem of non-uniform carbon cladding. Too thick carbon cladding layer instead hinders the de-embedding of lithium ions. In this paper, we choose cornstalk as the carbon source, then LiFe_0.5Mn_0.5PO₄@cornstalk-C (LFMP@C-C) with 3D anchoring structure is prepared by the solvothermal method. The results show that the LFMP with cornstalk as the carbon source has better performance compared to the sucrose-coated LFMP material (LFMP@C). The discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is 116 mAh/g for the first cycle at 1 C and the capacity retention rate is 94.0% after 500 cycles, and the discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is more than 17.17% higher than that of LFMP@C.     

Boron group element doping of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 based on microwave sintering

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - We report effectiveness of dopants selected from group 13, such as B, Ga, and In, on the conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) that is recognized as...     

Synthesis and investigation of calcium-containing phosphatosilicates with NaZr2(PO4)3 structure

Calcium-containing phosphatosilicates of the type Ca_0.5(1+x)Zr₂(PO₄)_3?x (SiO₄) _x were obtained by sol-gel method using the salting out process. Phase formation was studied, and optimal temperature and time regimes of synthesis providing the formation of one-phase reaction products were established. It is found that phases of NZP-structure are formed. Boundaries of phase stability of phosphatosilicates at the heterovalent isomorphic substitutions P⁵⁺→Si⁴⁺: 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 are established. On the basis of powder X-ray analysis data the crystalline structure of Ca_0.75Zr₂(PO₄)_2.5(SiO₄)_0.5 was refined by the full-profile analysis (Rietveld method). Hydrolytic stability of phosphatosilicates was studied.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the gallium-containing montebrasite analogue LiGa(OH)PO4

Gallium lithium hydroxyphosphate LiGa(OH)PO₄ was prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions (T = 160°C, τ = 48 h) and characterized (IR spectroscopy, chemical and thermal analysis). LiGa(OH)PO₄ was found to be structurally similar to the ambligonite family phases. The crystal structure was refined by the Rietveld method (space group $P\bar 1$ , Z = 2): a = 5.0853(1) Å, b = 5.2973(1) Å, c = 7.3006(1) Å, α = 67.830(1)°, β = 67.839(1)°, γ = 82.027(1)°, R _p = 0.0519, R _wp = 0.0765. A zero SHG signal confirmed a centrosymmetric structure of the compound. The structure is represented by a mixed {Ga(OH)[PO₄]} _3∞ ^? framework composed of the PO₄ tetrahedra and GaO₄(OH)₂ octahedra. The framework contains hexagonal channels running in the [100] and [010] directions. The basic element of the framework is a linear chain of GaO₄(OH)₂ octahedra sharing trans OH vertices. The Li⁺ ions reside in the framework voids.     

Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of LiEu(PO3)4 nanoparticles

A wet chemical approach was employed for the preparation of LiEu(PO(3))(4) nanoparticles. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SAED, and IR measurements were used in order to determine the crystal structure and morphology of the obtained product. Complete optical studies including absorption, excitation, emission, and kinetic measurements were performed. At least two components of the (5)D(0) → (7)F(0) transition were found, indicating the existence of more than one crystallographic position of the Eu(3+) ions. Asymmetry parameter R as well as the covalence of the Eu-O bond were found to decrease with the grain growth.     

Synthesis,structure, and optical properties of CsU2(PO4)3

CsU₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized in highest yield by the reaction in a fused-silica tube of U, P, and Se in a CsCl flux at 1273 K. It crystallizes with four formula units in space group P2₁/n of the monoclinic system in a new structure type. The structure of CsU₂(PO₄)₃ is composed of U and Cs atoms coordinated by PO₄^3? units in distorted octahedral arrangements. Each U atom corner shares with six PO₄^3? units. Each Cs atom face shares with one, edge shares with two, and corner shares with three PO₄^3? units. The structure shares some features with the sodium zirconium phosphate structure type. X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrate that the present CsU₂(PO₄)₃ compound crystallizes in a structure different from the previously reported β′- and γ-CsU₂(PO₄)₃ compounds. CsU₂(PO₄)₃ is highly pleochroic, as demonstrated by single-crystal optical absorption measurements.     

Synthesis and characterization of a new layered fluoroaluminophosphate (C4H11NOH)3.5[Al4(PO4)5F] x 0.5H3O with extra-large 16-rings

A new two-dimensional-layered fluoroaluminophosphate (C4H11NOH)3.5[Al4(PO4)5F] x 0.5H3O (denoted as AlPO-CJ20) with an Al/P ratio of 4:5 has been synthesized solvothermally by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as the structure-directing agent. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by solid-state NMR techniques, including 27Al, 19F --> 27Al cross-polarization, and 31P magic angle spinning NMR. The alternation of Al-centered tetrahedra (AlO4 and AlO3F) and PO3(=O) tetrahedra gives rise to a new type of 4.6.16-net sheet. The inorganic sheets are stacked in an ABAB sequence along the [010] direction and further held together through strong H bonds between protonated template molecules and P=O groups in the inorganic layers. Except for Mu-4, AlPO-CJ20 is the second layered aluminophosphate with an Al/P ratio of 4:5, and it contains the largest pore opening of 16-rings in the known layered aluminophosphates. Furthermore, the coordination of Al and P of fluoroaluminophosphates is summarized. Crystal data: (C4H11NOH)3.5[Al4(PO4)5F] x 0.5H3O, monoclinic, C2/c (No. 15), a = 32.678(7) A, b = 12.956(3) A, c = 21.045(4) A, beta = 115.17(3) degrees, V = 8064(3) A3, Z = 8, R1 = 0.0837 [I > 2sigma(I)], and wR2 = 0.2428 (all data).     

Synthesis and crystal structure of new titanyl phosphate Sr2TiO(PO4)2

New strontium titanyl phosphate Sr₂TiO(PO₄)₂ (1) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy, and band structure calculations. Titanyl phosphate 1 is isostructural with vanadyl phosphate Sr₂VO(PO₄)₂ and has a layered structure. The titanium atoms are shifted from the centers of the TiO₆ octahedra and form short (1.74 Å) titanyl bonds. The structure of 1 is an unusual example of the disordered orientation of the chains formed by TiO₆ octahedra in complex titanium phosphates.     

Synthesis,structure and NMR characterization of a new monomeric aluminophosphate [dl-Co(en)3]2[Al(HPO4)2(H1.5PO4)2(H2PO4)2](H3PO4)4 containing four different types of monophosphates

A new zero-dimensional (0D) aluminophosphate monomer [dl-Co(en)₃]₂[Al(HPO₄)₂(H_1.5PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)₂](H₃PO₄)₄ (designated AlPO-CJ38) with Al/P ratio of 1/6 has been solvothermally prepared by using racemic cobalt complex dl-Co(en)₃Cl₃ as the template. The Al atom is octahedrally linked to six P atoms via bridging oxygen atoms, forming a unique [Al(HPO₄)₂(H_1.5PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)₂]^6? monomer. Notably, there exists intramolecular symmetrical O?H?O bonds, which results in pseudo-4-rings stabilized by the strong H-bonding interactions. The structure is also featured by the existence of four different types of monophosphates that have been confirmed by ³¹P NMR and ¹H NMR spectra. The crystal data are as follows: AlPO-CJ38, [dl-Co(en)₃]₂[Al(HPO₄)₂(H_1.5PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)₂](H₃PO₄)₄, M = 1476.33, monoclinic, C2/c (No. 15), a = 36.028(7) Å, b = 8.9877(18) Å, c = 16.006(3) Å, β = 100.68(3)°, U = 5093.2(18) Å³_, Z = 4, R₁ = 0.0509 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR₂ = 0.1074 (all data). CCDC number 689491.     

钒改性锂离子电池正极材料LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C电化学性能

采用高温固相反应,以NH4VO3为钒源合成了化学计量式为(1-x)LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4-xLi3V2(PO4)3/C (x=0,0.1,0.2,0.25,1)的钒改性磷酸锰铁锂正极材料.电化学测试表明钒改性能明显提高磷酸锰铁锂材料的充放电性能,其中x=0.2时得到的0.8LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4-0.2Li3V2(PO4)3/C(标记为LFMP-LVP/C)材料电化学性能最好,其0.1C倍率时的放电比容量为141 mAh·g-1.X射线衍射(XRD)分析指出LFMP-LVP/C材料的微观结构为橄榄石型LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C和NASICON型Li3V2(PO4)3组成的双相结构.能量色射X射线谱(EDS)分析结果指出,Fe、Mn、V、P元素在所合成材料中的分布非常均匀,表明所制备材料成分的均一性.Li3V2(PO4)3改性使材料的电导率明显提高.LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4的电导率为1.9×10-8 S· cm-1,而LFMP-LVP材料电导率提高到2.7×10-7 S·cm-1.与纯Li3V2(PO4)3的电导率(2.3×10-7 S·cm-1)相近.电化学测试表明钒改性使LFMP-LVP/C材料充放电过程电极极化明显减小,从而电化学性能得到显著提高.本文工作表明Li3V2(PO4)3改性可成为提高橄榄石型磷酸盐锂离子电池正极材料电化学性能的一种有效方法.     

Li4Mn0.5Ti0.5O4合成与鉴定

Li4Mn0.5Ti0.5O4合成与鉴定;LiMnTi复合氧化物;尖晶石型结构;离子筛;离子交换;锂     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and magnetic properties of K4Mn3(HPO4)4(H2PO4)2

A new layered compound, K₄Mn₃(HPO₄)₄(H₂PO₄)₂ (1), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with a = 8.874(2) Å, b = 6.554(1) Å, c = 18.075(4) Å, and β = 93.39(3)°. The structure consists of zigzag [Mn₃O₁₄]_n chains of edge-sharing MnO₆ octahedrons and MnO₇ pentagonal bi-pyramids, which form layers of formula [Mn₃(HPO₄)₄(H₂PO₄)₂]^4? in the ab plane via H₂PO₄ and HPO₄ units with vertex-sharing. Potassium ions lie between these layers. Magnetic measurements indicate Curie–Weiss behavior above 6 K for 1. A Heisenberg model, with alternating exchange interactions J₁J₁J₂… within the chain and exchange interactions J₃J₃… between the chains, is proposed to describe the magnetic behavior.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the synthetic analogue of mineral minyulite K[Al2F(H2O)4(PO4)2]. Structural correlations with AlPO4-CJ2

The validation of our program of simulation for the prediction of unknown dehydrated structures needs accurate information of the mother hydrated structure at the starting point. This paper describes the synthesis (95°C, 10 days, autogenous pressure) and the structure (space group Pba2; a=9.3477(2), b=9.7571(1), c=5.5280(1) Å, V=503.91 Å³, Z=2) of the synthetic homologue of two-dimensional mineral minyulite K[Al₂F(H₂O)₄(PO₄)₂]. The ²⁷Al, ¹⁹F and ³¹P solid state NMR characteristics are reported, as well as the thermal decomposition which confirms the prediction of a collapse of the structure. Finally, structural correlations between minyulite and AlPO₄-CJ2 are given.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy of a new open-framework aluminophosphate (NH(4))(2)Al(4)(PO(4))(4)(HPO(4))xH(2)O

A new three-dimensional open-framework aluminophosphate (NH(4))(2)Al(4)(PO(4))(4)(HPO(4)).H(2)O (denoted AlPO-CJ19) with an Al/P ratio of 4/5 has been synthesized, using pyridine as the solvent and 2-aminopyridine as the structure-directing agent, under solvothermal conditions. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by solid-state NMR techniques. The alternation of the Al-centered polyhedra (including AlO(4), AlO(5), and AlO(6)) and the P-centered tetrahedra (including PO(4) and PO(3)OH) results in an interrupted open-framework structure with an eight-membered ring channel along the [100] direction. This is the first aluminophosphate containing three kinds of Al coordinations (AlO(4), AlO(5), and AlO(6)) with all oxygen vertexes connected to framework P atoms. (27)Al MAS NMR, (31)P MAS NMR, and (1)H --> (31)P CPMAS NMR characterizations show that the solid-state NMR techniques are an effective complement to XRD analysis for structure elucidation. Furthermore, all of the possible coordinations of Al and P in the aluminophosphates with an Al/P ratio of 4/5 are summarized. Crystal data: (NH(4))(2)Al(4)(PO(4))(4)(HPO(4))xH(2)O, monoclinic P2(1) (No. 4), a = 5.0568(3) A, b = 21.6211(18) A, c = 8.1724(4) A, beta = 91.361(4) degrees , V = 893.27(10) A(3), Z = 2, R(1) = 0.0456 (I > 2 sigma(I)), and wR(2) = 0.1051 (all data).     

The crystal structure of Na4Ni7(PO4)6

Na₄Ni₇(PO₄)₆ crystallizes in the space group Cm with a = 10.550(2), b = 13.985(5), and c = 6.398(2)Å; β = 104.87(2)°. For Z = 2 the calculated density is 3.906 g/cm³ (V = 912.4 ų). Structure determination and refinement (R = 0.041, R_W = 0.045) were carried out on flux (NaF) grown crystals. The structure consists of layers of nickel-containing octahedra and phosphorus-containing tetrahedra interconnected to form a pseudocentrosymmetric framework. A layer consisting of parallel tunnels which run along the a direction contains the sodium ions in a noncentrosymmetric arrangement.     

CeFe4Al8的合成和磁性质

用熔地合成了三元ＣｅＦｅ４Ａｌ８化合物，并用Ｘ射线粉末衍射法测定了它的结构。在７７－３０２Ｋ测定了它的磁化率，在室温下测量了它的穆斯堡尔谱。结果表明，这种化合物的磁服从居里－外斯定律，其奈耳温度为１２７Ｋ，有效磁子数为６．９７。铁原子的平均有效磁子数为１．２１。