Millimeter-wave rotational spectrum and molecular constants of diatomic gallium bromide

Gas-phase spectra of four isotopic species of GaBr have been detected in the millimeter wavelength region. The molecules were produced by a flame reaction of gallium and bromine at 1000° C. From the rotational spectra molecular constants have been determined for ⁶⁹Ga⁷⁹Br,⁶⁹Ga⁸¹Br,⁷¹Ga⁷⁹Br,⁷¹Ga⁸¹Br. The equilibrium internuclear distance is r_e = 2.3524907(82).     

Millimeter-wave rotational transitions and molecular constants of the diatomic silver iodide

In the 280 GHz region four rotational transitions of both isotopic species of AgI in vibrational states up to v = 2 have been measured. The analysis including frequencies of former observations in the 10 GHz region resulted in improved and new Dunham parameters Y_kl. From these data values of the vibrational constants ω_e and ω_ex_e have been deduced.     

Hyperfine structure,mm wave rotational spectrum and molecular constants of the diatomic IF in its electronic ground stateX 1 Σ+

At wavelengths near 1 mm the rotational transitionsJ=16←15 and 17←16 of the diatomic IF have been observed. The strong hyperfine transitions ΔF=+1 were measured in vibrational statesv=0, 1 and 2. The much weaker ΔF=0 components could be detected in the rotational transitionJ=17←16 of the molecule in its ground vibrational state. The analysis including previous measurements at larger wavelengths resulted in improved hyperfine parameters, an extended set of Dunham energy coefficients and potential constants.     

A correlation of excited state rotational constants for diatomic molecules

The concepts of “orbital stress” and “transition stress” are defined and applied to N₂, N⁺₂, CO, and CO⁺. The bond lengths and rotational constants of excited electronic states are related to the transition stress, and the response of the electrons and nuclei to the transition stress is shown to be a molecular property, essentially independent of the electronic configuration or state.     

Rotational spectrum and molecular constants of the diatomic GaCl in its electronic ground state1ε+

At wavelengths near 1 mm six rotational transitions of GaCl have been observed. The analysis including previous measurements on the rotational transitionJ = 1 ← 0 resulted in extended sets of the Dunham parametersY ₀₁,Y ₁₁,Y ₂₁,Y ₃₁,Y ₀₂,Y ₁₂ andY ₀₃ of the four isotopic species⁶⁹Ga³⁵Cl,⁷¹Ga³⁵Cl,⁶⁹Ga³⁷Cl and⁷¹Ga³⁷Cl. With these microwave data the constantsY ₁₀ ≈ ε_e and —Y ₂₀ ≈ ω _e x _e were determined. The parameters of the Dunham potentiala ₀,a ₁,a ₂,a ₃ andr _e are given. The GaCl was produced by reaction of gaseous CCl₄ with Ga evaporated at 1,500°C.     

Microwave spectrum,rotational constants and dipole moment of s-cis acrolein

The microwave spectrum of a second conformer of acrolein is reported for the first time. Ground-state rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants were determined from 42 transitions in the range 8–60 CHz. The small inertial defect establishes its planarity. The dipole moment of s-cis acrolein is μ_a = 2.010(5) D, μ_b = 1.573(3) D and μ_total = 2.552(3) D.     

The ground-state rotational spectrum and molecular geometry of ethynylstannane

The ground-state rotational spectra of 24 isotopomers of ethynylstannane have been observed by pulsed-jet, Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. The spectroscopic constants, B(0,)D(J) and D(JK) are reported for symmetric-top isotopomers H(3)(n)Sn(12)C(12)CH, where n = 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122 and 124, D(3)(n)Sn(12)C(12)CH, where n = 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124, H(3)(n)Sn(13)C(12) CH and H(3)(n)Sn(12)C(13)CH , where n = 116,118 and 120, and H(3)(n)Sn(12)C(12)CD, where n = 116, 118 and 120. In addition, the values of A(0), B(0), C(0), Delta(J) and Delta(JK) were obtained for the three asymmetric-top isotopomers DH(2)(n)Sn(12)C(12)CH, where n = 116, 118 and 120. Hyperfine structure was resolved and assigned in the transitions of the isotopomers H(3)(n)SnCCD, where n = 116, 118 and 120, and in the isotopomers H(3)(117)SnCCH and H(3)(119)SnCCH. In the former group, the hyperfine structure arises from D nuclear quadrupole coupling while in the latter group its origin lies in the spin-rotation coupling of the I = 1/2 Sn nuclear spin to the rotational motion. For these isotopomers, D nuclear quadrupole and spin-rotation coupling constants are determined where appropriate. The rotational constants obtained for the 24 isotopomers of H(3)SnCCH were used to obtain the following types of molecular geometry for ethynylstannane: r(0), r(s), and r(m).     

Rate constants for the reaction of atomic and molecular bromine with gallium arsenide

The reaction of the (100) face of a gallium arsenide single crystal with atomic and molecular bromine has been studied in a discharge flow system at temperatures between 100 and 225°C and pressures between 0.1 and 40 torr. The reaction with Br₂ was found to be first order in Br₂ only at pressures below 1 torr. Temperature dependence studies in the linear range gave the activation energy and preexponential factor for the rate controlling reaction in the low pressure regime. The results are summarized in the following Arrhenius equation: Deviations from linearity at high pressures are discussed in terms of two alternative mechanisms. The reaction of GaAs with atomic bromine was also studied as a function of temperature, and found to have a temperature dependence described by the following Arrhenius equation:      

Theoretical study of spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of rare‐gas diatomic cations

Ab initio and density functional methods are applied to study the spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of the diatomic cations He, Ne, Ar, HeNe⁺, and HeAr⁺. Among these cations, HeAr⁺ is found to be weakly bound and its spectroscopic constants are calculated using the Lennard‐Jones potential. The other molecules that are strongly bound obey Morse potential, and their spectroscopic constants are calculated accordingly. The calculated spectroscopic constants agree very well with the theoretical and experimental values wherever available. Most of the spectroscopic constants and molecular properties are reported for the first time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Use of the virial theorem to calculate the molecular force constants of diatomic hydrides

The possibility of using the virial theorem to calculate the coefficients of the potential function for diatomic hydrides on the basis of the Fock-Roothaan wave function in the closed electron shell approximation has been demonstrated in relation to the LiH, BH, CH, NH, and OH molecules.     

Application of potential constants: Empirical determination of molecular energy components for diatomic molecules

The potential (force) constant of a diatomic molecule is applied to determine the molecular energy components such as the electronic kinetic (T) and electrostatic potential (V) energies. The theoretical framework of the method is constructed from T and V representations of the quantum mechanical virial theorem. To confirm the utility of the method developed here, the calculated molecular energy components of diatomic molecules are compared with available Hartree-Fock data. It is concluded that the present method is simple and powerful for evaluating the molecular energy components of various diatomic molecules.     

Calculation of vibrational constants of diatomic molecules

We apply Wigner's effective-harmonic-oscillator (EHO) function with the Morse potential to the calculation of vibrational constants of diatomic molecules. A one-particle system is described by the operator representation of Wigner's function. We find the EHO parameters both for a single molecule and for an equilibrium ensemble of molecules. We obtain numerical values of the constants for the iodine molecule.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 485–487, July–August, 1988.     

Theoretical study of spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of diatomic anions using B3LYP method

Structure, spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of selected diatomic anions in their ground states have been studied in detail using HF/DF B3LYP method. The consistency of the calculated values of spectroscopic constants and molecular properties has been tested using four basis sets with improved quality. The spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of these diatomic ions agree well with the experimental and theoretical values wherever available. Most of the spectroscopic constants and molecular properties of these ions, in particular the spectroscopic constants of SiO⁻, CS⁻ and the molecular properties of SiN⁻, CP⁻, SiO⁻ are first reported.     

Constrained variations for diatomic forces and force constants

The results of earlier studies of diatomic forces and force constants are used to formulate force constraints. It is proposed that such constrained variations should improve force constant calculations.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels früherer Ergebnisse für Bindungskräfte bei zweiatomigen Molekülen werden Neben-bedingungen für die Wellenfunktion formuliert. Es ist anzunehmen, da\ dies zu einer Verbesserung der Berechnung für die entsprechenden Kraftkonstanten führt.

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Résumé Les résultats d'études antérieures des forces et des constantes de force diatomiques sont utilisés pour formuler des contraintes de force. De telles variations contraintes devraient améliorer les calculs de constante de force.

     

A versatile method for molecular structure determinations from ground state rotational constants

A new procedure is described to determine the geometrical structure of a molecule. It starts from measured ground state rotational constants of isotopically substituted species. Internal structural parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles are directly fitted with a suitable least-squares algorithm. The new method for structure determination is compared to the usual Costain—Kraitchman substitution method. It contains less stringent conditions than the latter, permits a broad range of applications and provides a reliable molecular structure.     

Doppler-free rotational spectrum of methyl iodide. Nuclear quadrupole,spin-rotation and nuclear shielding tensors of iodine

The ground-state microwave spectrum of methyl iodide has been measured between 59 and 240 GHz with a molecular beam spectrometer and by use of the Lamb dip method. The following molecular parameters have been accurately determined: B = 7501275.70(2) kHz; D_J = 6.3070(2) kHz; D_JK = 98.762(3) kHz; H_J = ?0.0051(6) Hz; H_JK = 0.04(2) Hz; H_KJ 4.51(3) Hz; eq. Q = ?1934.136 (5) MHz; C_⊥= ?17.40(6) kHz; C_| = ?19.4(5) kHz; x_J = ?1.41(4) kHz; x_K = ?38(1) kHz and x_d = 26.2(6) kHz. The last three constants characterize the interaction of centrifugal distortion with quadrupole coupling. The data are used to determine the elements of the iodine nuclear magnetic shielding tensor. Comparisons of the shielding are made for molecules which contain one iodine atom.