共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Wei Wang Myungkwan Song Tae‐Sung Bae Yeon Hyun Park Yong‐Cheol Kang Sang‐Geul Lee Sei‐Yong Kim Dong Ho Kim Sunghun Lee Guanghui Min Gun‐Hwan Lee Jae‐Wook Kang Jungheum Yun 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(11):1551-1561
An effective method for depositing highly transparent and conductive ultrathin silver (Ag) electrodes using minimal oxidation is reported. The minimal oxidation of Ag layers significantly improves the intrinsic optical and structural properties of Ag without any degradation of its electrical conductivity. Oxygen‐doped Ag (AgOx) layers of thicknesses as low as 6 nm exhibit completely 2D and continuous morphologies on ZnO films, smaller optical reflections and absorbances, and smaller sheet resistances compared with those of discontinuous and granular‐type Ag layers of the same thickness. A ZnO/AgOx/ZnO (ZAOZ) electrode using an AgOx (O/Ag = 3.4 at%) layer deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates at room temperature shows an average transmittance of 91%, with a maximum transmittance of 95%, over spectral range 400?1000 nm and a sheet resistance of 20 Ω sq?1. The average transmittance value is increased by about 18% on replacing a conventional ZnO/Ag/ZnO (ZAZ) electrode with the ZAOZ electrode. The ZAOZ electrode is a promising bottom transparent conducting electrode for highly flexible inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs), and it achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.34%, whereas an IOSC using the ZAZ electrode exhibits a much lower PCE of 5.65%. 相似文献
2.
Chih‐Yu Chang Lijian Zuo Hin‐Lap Yip Yongxi Li Chang‐Zhi Li Chain‐Shu Hsu Yen‐Ju Cheng Hongzheng Chen Alex K.‐Y. Jen 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(40):5084-5090
The versatility of a fluoro‐containing low band‐gap polymer, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(5‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothia‐diazole)] (PCPDTFBT) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) applications is demonstrated. High boiling point 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as a solvent to manipulate PCPDTFBT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layer morphology to obtain high‐performance single‐junction devices. It promotes the crystallization of PCPDTFBT polymer, thus improving the charge‐transport properties of the active layer. By combining the morphological manipulation with interfacial optimization and device engineering, the single‐junction device exhibits both good air stability and high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE, of 6.6%). This represents one of the highest PCE values for cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene (CPDT)‐based OPVs. This polymer is also utilized for constructing semitransparent solar cells and double‐junction tandem solar cells to demonstrate high PCEs of 5.0% and 8.2%, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Yunsheng Fang Zhicong Wu Jia Li Fangyuan Jiang Kui Zhang Yanli Zhang Yinhua Zhou Jun Zhou Bin Hu 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(9)
Solution‐processed metal nanowire networks have attracted substantial attention as clear transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) to replace metal oxides for low‐cost and flexible touch panels and displays. While targeting photovoltaic applications, TCEs are expected to be more hazy for enhancing light absorption in the active layer, but are still required to retain high transmittance and low sheet resistance. Balancing these properties (haze, transmittance, and conductivity) in TCEs to realize high performance but high haze simultaneously is a challenge because they are mutually influenced. Here, by precisely tailoring the diameter of thick–long silver nanowires using rapid radial electrochemical etching, high hazy flexible TCEs are fabricated with high figure of merit of up to 741 (4 Ω sq?1 at 88.4% transmittance with haze of 13.3%), surpassing those of commercialized brittle hazy metal oxides and exhibiting superiority for photovoltaic applications. Laminating such TCEs onto the perovskite solar cells as top electrodes, the obtained semitransparent devices exhibit power efficiencies up to 16.03% and 11.12% when illuminated from the bottom and top sides, respectively, outperforming reported results based on similar device architecture. This study provides a simple strategy for flexible and hazy TCEs fabrication, which is compatible with mild solution‐processed photovoltaic devices, especially those containing heat‐sensitive or chemical‐sensitive materials. 相似文献
4.
Zhenguo Wang Yunfei Han Lingpeng Yan Chao Gong Jiachen Kang Hao Zhang Xue Sun Lianping Zhang Jian Lin Qun Luo Chang-Qi Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(4):2007276
With the aim of developing high-performance flexible polymer solar cells, the preparation of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) via a high-throughput gravure printing process is reported. By varying the blend ratio of the mixture solvent and the concentration of the silver nanowire (AgNW) inks, the surface tension, volatilization rate, and viscosity of the AgNW ink can be tuned to meet the requirements of gravure printing process. Following this method, uniformly printed AgNW films are prepared. Highly conductive FTEs with a sheet resistance of 10.8 Ω sq−1 and a high transparency of 95.4% (excluded substrate) are achieved, which are comparable to those of indium tin oxide electrode. In comparison with the spin-coating process, the gravure printing process exhibits advantages of the ease of large-area fabrication and improved uniformity, which are attributed to better ink droplet distribution over the substrate. 0.04 cm2 polymer solar cells based on gravure-printed AgNW electrodes with PM6:Y6 as the photoactive layer show the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.28% with an average PCE of 14.75 ± 0.35%. Owing to the good uniformity of the gravure-printed AgNW electrode, the highest PCE of 13.61% is achieved for 1 cm2 polymer solar cells based on the gravure-printed FTEs. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
《Advanced Electronic Materials》2017,3(5)
Transparent electrodes (TEs) with high optical transparency (>85%) are usually considered to be prerequisite for realizing high‐efficiency solar cells. On the contrary, here an indium‐free TE is reported which is semitransparent with an average visible transparency of 66.7% only. The electrode consists of Ag 9 nm with TiO2 (30 nm) undercoat layer designed specifically for small molecule organic solar cell (SM‐OSC) based on methylated oligothiophene derivatives. The electrode also contains a polyethyleneimine (PEI) wetting layer which promotes the growth of continuous, ultrasmooth, and highly conductive Ag films on the TiO2 layer even at very low thicknesses. The developed TiO2/PEI/Ag (TPA) electrode exhibits much better mechanical properties with only <8% increase in sheet resistance after 200 bending cycles when a tensile strain of 2.1% is applied. The role of TiO2 undercoat layer has been investigated in detail and is shown to enhance the microcavity effect, leading to increased light coupling especially in the lower wavelength regime. With comparable photocurrent, and high fill‐factor values owing to much better electrical properties, the semitransparent TPA‐TE based SM‐OSC outperforms the state‐of‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) based reference device with photon conversion efficiency of 8.1% compared to 7.7% despite having lower transmittance (≈21%) relative to ITO. 相似文献
8.
Michael Vosgueritchian Darren J. Lipomi Zhenan Bao 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(2):421-428
Highly conductive and transparent poly‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) films, incorporating a fluorosurfactant as an additive, have been prepared for stretchable and transparent electrodes. The fluorosurfactant‐treated PEDOT:PSS films show a 35% improvement in sheet resistance (Rs) compared to untreated films. In addition, the fluorosurfactant renders PEDOT:PSS solutions amenable for deposition on hydrophobic surfaces, including pre‐deposited, annealed films of PEDOT:PSS (enabling the deposition of thick, highly conductive, multilayer films) and stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates (enabling stretchable electronics). Four‐layer PEDOT:PSS films have an Rs of 46 Ω per square with 82% transmittance (at 550 nm). These films, deposited on a pre‐strained PDMS substrate and buckled, are shown to be reversibly stretchable, with no change to Rs, during the course of over 5000 cycles of 0 to 10% strain. Using the multilayer PEDOT:PSS films as anodes, indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free organic photovoltaics are prepared and shown to have power conversion efficiencies comparable to that of devices with ITO as the anode. These results show that these highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films can not only be used as transparent electrodes in novel devices (where ITO cannot be used), such as stretchable OPVs, but also have the potential to replace ITO in conventional devices. 相似文献
9.
Dhriti Sundar Ghosh Quan Liu Paola Mantilla‐Perez Tong Lai Chen Vahagn Mkhitaryan Minghuang Huang Sean Garner Jordi Martorell Valerio Pruneri 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(47):7309-7316
Transparent electrodes (TEs) having electrooptical trade‐offs better than state‐of‐the‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) are continuously sought as they are essential to enable flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, a TiO2‐Ag‐ITO (TAI)‐based TE is introduced and its use is demonstrated in an inverted polymer solar cell (I‐PSCs). Thanks to the favorable nucleation and wetting conditions provided by the TiO2, the ultrathin silver film percolates and becomes continuous with high smoothness at very low thicknesses (3–4 nm), much lower than those required when it is directly deposited on a plastic or glass substrate. Compared to conventional ITO‐TE, the proposed TAI‐TE exhibits exceptionally lower electrical sheet resistance (6.2 Ω sq?1), higher optical transmittance, a figure‐of‐merit two times larger, and mechanical flexibility, the latter confirmed by the fact that the resistance increases only 6.6% after 103 tensile bending cycles. The I‐PSCs incorporating the TAI‐TE show record power conversion efficiency (8.34%), maintained at 96% even after 400 bending cycles. 相似文献
10.
Youngmin Kim Tae In Ryu Ki‐Hoon Ok Min‐Gi Kwak Sungmin Park Nam‐Gyu Park Chul Jong Han Bong Soo Kim Min Jae Ko Hae Jung Son Jong‐Woong Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(29):4580-4589
A highly flexible and transparent conductive electrode based on consecutively stacked layers of conductive polymer (CP) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) fully embedded in a colorless polyimide (cPI) is achieved by utilizing an inverted layer‐by‐layer processing method. This CP‐AgNW composite electrode exhibits a high transparency of >92% at wavelengths of 450–700 nm and a low resistivity of 7.7 Ω ??1, while its ultrasmooth surface provides a large contact area for conductive pathways. Furthermore, it demonstrates an unprecedentedly high flexibility and good mechanical durability during both outward and inward bending to a radius of 40 μm. Subsequent application of this composite electrode in organic solar cells achieves power conversion efficiencies as high as 7.42%, which represents a significant improvement over simply embedding AgNWs in cPI. This is attributed to a reduction in bimolecular recombination and an increased charge collection efficiency, resulting in performance comparable to that of indium tin oxide‐based devices. More importantly, the high mechanical stability means that only a very slight reduction in efficiency is observed with bending (<5%) to a radius of 40 μm. This newly developed composite electrode is therefore expected to be directly applicable to a wide range of high‐performance, low‐cost flexible electronic devices. 相似文献
11.
Transparent Electronics: Inverted Layer‐By‐Layer Fabrication of an Ultraflexible and Transparent Ag Nanowire/Conductive Polymer Composite Electrode for Use in High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2015) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Youngmin Kim Tae In Ryu Ki‐Hoon Ok Min‐Gi Kwak Sungmin Park Nam‐Gyu Park Chul Jong Han Bong Soo Kim Min Jae Ko Hae Jung Son Jong‐Woong Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(29):4743-4743
12.
Highly transparent electrodes are demonstrated based on thermally evaporated calcium:silver blend thin–films, which show unusually high transmission well above the expectations from bulk material properties and thin film optics. These electrodes exhibit a low sheet resistance of 27.3 Ω/, combined with an extraordinarily high mean transmittance of 93.0% in the visible spectral range (σdc/σopt = 186.7), superior to the commonly used inorganic electrodes made from indium tin oxide (ITO). Additionally, the metal blend electrode is flexible, showing a constant sheet resistance down to a bending radius of 10 mm and can be employed on top of organic devices without causing damage to the organic material. The spontaneously formed unique microstructure of a polycrystalline Ag network with randomly distributed nanoapertures, surrounded by a calcium shell, enables broadband transmittance enhancement due to amplified plasmonic coupling. Consequently, top‐illuminated organic solar cells using such metal blend electrodes achieve a power conversion efficiency of 7.2% (which defines a new record for top illuminated organic solar cells) and even exceed the efficiency of similar bottom‐illuminated reference solar cells (6.9%) employing common ITO electrodes. 相似文献
13.
Sylvio Schubert Martin Hermenau Jan Meiss Lars Müller‐Meskamp Karl Leo 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(23):4993-4999
Oxide/silver/oxide multilayers as semitransparent top electrode for small molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. It is shown that two oxide layers sandwiching a central metal layer greatly improve the stability and lifetime of the organic solar cell. Thermally evaporated MoO3, WO3, or V2O5 layers are employed as an interlayer for subsequent silver deposition and significantly change the morphology of the ultrathin silver layer, improving charge extraction and electrodes series resistance. The transmittance of the electrode is increased by introducing oxide or oxide and organic multilayers as capping layer, which leads to higher photocurrent generation in the absorber layer. Application of 1 nm MoO3/11 nm Ag/10 nm MoO3/50 nm Alq3 multilayer electrodes in OSCs lead to an efficiency of 2.6% for a standard ZnPc:C60 cell, showing superior performance compared to devices with pure silver top contacts. The device lifetime is also strongly increased. MoO3 layers can saturate and stabilize the inner and outer metal surface, passivating it against most of the degradation mechanisms. With such an oxide/silver/oxide multilayer electrode, the time until the glass encapsulated OSC is degraded to 80% of its starting efficiency is enhanced from 86 h to approximately 4500 h compared to an OSC without an oxide interlayer. 相似文献
14.
《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(36)
A powerful approach to increasing the far‐field transparency of copper film window electrodes which simultaneously reduces intraband absorption losses for wavelengths <550 nm and suppresses reflective losses for wavelengths >550 nm is reported. The approach is based on incorporation of a random array of ≈100 million circular apertures per cm2 into an optically thin copper film, with a mean aperture diameter of ≈500 nm. A method for the fabrication of these electrodes is described that exploits a binary polymer blend mask that self‐organizes at room temperature from a single solution, and so is simple to implement. Additionally all of the materials used in electrode fabrication are low cost, low toxicity, and widely available. It is shown that these nanostructured copper electrodes offer an average far‐field transparency of ≥80% and sheet resistance of ≤10 Ω sq−1 when used in conjunction with a conventional solution processed ZnO electron transport layer and their utility in inverted organic photovoltaic devices is demonstrated. 相似文献
15.
Microcavity Structure Provides High‐Performance (>8.1%) Semitransparent and Colorful Organic Photovoltaics 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jong‐Hong Lu Yi‐Hung Lin Bing‐Huang Jiang Chun‐Hung Yeh Jui‐Chih Kao Chih‐Ping Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(7)
High‐performance colored aesthetic semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) featuring a silver/indium tin oxide/silver (Ag/ITO/Ag) microcavity structure are prepared. By precisely controlling the thickness of the ITO layer, OPV devices exhibiting high transparency and a wide and high‐purity color gamut are obtained: blue ( B ), green ( G ), yellow‐green ( YG ), yellow ( Y ), orange ( O ), and red ( R ). The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the G , YG , and Y color devices are greater than 8% (AM 1.5G irradiation, 100 mW cm?2) with maximum transmittances (TMAX) of greater than 14.5%. An optimized PCE of 8.2% was obtained for the YG OPV [CIE 1931 coordinates: (0.364, 0.542)], with a value of TMAX of 17.3% (at 561 nm). As far as it is known, this performance is the highest ever reported for a transparent colorful OPV. Such high transparency and desired transmitted colors, which can perspective see the clear images, suggest great potential for use in building‐integrated photovoltaic applications. 相似文献
16.
17.
Flexible Solar Cells: Self‐Doping Fullerene Electrolyte‐Based Electron Transport Layer for All‐Room‐Temperature‐Processed High‐Performance Flexible Polymer Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 13/2018) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jingwen Zhang Rongming Xue Guiying Xu Weijie Chen Guo‐Qing Bian Changan Wei Yaowen Li Yongfang Li 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(13)
18.
Jingwen Zhang Rongming Xue Guiying Xu Weijie Chen Guo‐Qing Bian Changan Wei Yaowen Li Yongfang Li 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(13)
To achieve high‐performance large‐area flexible polymer solar cells (PSCs), one of the challenges is to develop new interface materials that possess a thermal‐annealing‐free process and thickness‐insensitive photovoltaic properties. Here, an n‐type self‐doping fullerene electrolyte, named PCBB‐3N‐3I, is developed as electron transporting layer (ETL) for the application in PSCs. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL can be processed at room temperature, and shows excellent orthogonal solvent processability, substantially improved conductivity, and appropriate energy levels. PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also functions as light‐harvesting acceptor in a bilayer solar cell, contributing to the overall device performance. As a result, the PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL‐based inverted PSCs with a PTB7‐Th:PC71BM photoactive layer demonstrate an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.62% for rigid and 10.04% for flexible devices. Moreover, the device avoids a thermal annealing process and the photovoltaic properties are insensitive to the thickness of PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL, yielding a PCE of 9.32% for the device with thick PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL (61 nm). To the best of one's knowledge, the above performance yields the highest efficiencies for the flexible PSCs and thick ETL‐based PSCs reported so far. Importantly, the flexible PSCs with PCBB‐3N‐3I ETL also show robust bending durability that could pave the way for the future development of high‐performance flexible solar cells. 相似文献
19.
20.
Polymer and hybrid solar cells have the potential to become the leading technology of the 21st century in conversion of sun light to electrical energy because their ease processing from solution producing printable devices in a roll‐to‐roll fashion with high speed and low cost. The performance of such devices critically depends on the nanoscale organization of the photoactive layer, which is composed of at least two functional materials: the electron donor and the electron acceptor forming a so‐called bulk heterojunction; however, control of its volume morphology still is a challenge. In this context, advanced analytical tools are required that are able to provide information on the local volume morphology of the photoactive layer with nanometer resolution. In this report electron tomography is introduced as the technique able to explore the 3D morphology of polymer and hybrid solar cells and the first results achieved are critically discussed. 相似文献