紫外分光光度法测定芦柑中的还原型维生素C

研究紫外分光光度法测定芦柑中还原型维生素C的新方法。利用活性炭将还原型维生素D氧化为在紫外区无吸收的脱氢抗坏血酸,测定氧化前后的OD245之差,得出芦柑中还原型维生素C的含量。该方法简单、快速、准确性及精密度好,与2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法比较,结果基本一致。     

DAN荧光法等3种测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒含量的方法比较

通过DAN荧光法,3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒的含量,对测得结果进行统计分析,并对其检出限、回收率进行比较研究.研究结果表明,DAN荧光法、3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法中,硒含量相对标准偏差分别是2.5%,9.2%和6.1%;线性回归系数都大于0....     

紫外分光光度法间接测定铁的价态

Fe( )离子和抗坏血酸的氧化还原反应生成在紫外区无吸收的去氢抗坏血酸 ,以 NH4F作掩蔽剂 ,采用紫外分光光度法 ,间接测定 Fe( )离子 ,再用 H2 O2 或 K2 S2 O8氧化 Fe( )离子 ,重复上述实验 ,进行铁的价态分析 ,方法简单可行 ,准确度高     

共振光散射技术测定核酸的研究进展

核酸分析是生命科学研究中最重要的技术之一。目前主要是应用核酸内源紫外吸收光谱的紫外分光光度法和基于荧光探针分子与核酸相互作用的荧光分光光度法。紫外分光光度法灵敏度低 ,荧光分光光度法试剂昂贵 ,有毒性。近年来 ,共振光散射技术在核酸分析中的应用得到了迅速的发展。核酸的共振光散射分析方法可以用普通的荧光分光光度计进行测定 ,应用安全、便宜的试剂获得很高的灵敏度。简要介绍了共振光散射分析的基本原理 ,并对近年来利用共振光散射技术分析核酸的研究进行了评述。内容主要包括利用有机染料分子作为核酸的共振光散射探针的分析方法 ;基于阳离子表面活性剂、金属离子及其络合物以及药物与核酸相互作用的分析方法 ;核酸形成大粒子的散射分析方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定那格列奈

本文建立了紫外分光光度法测定那格列奈含量，该方法简便、准确，样品检验结果的线性相关系数r=0.999,RSD=1.2%。     

植物中黄酮含量的光学测定方法研究进展

综述了植物中黄酮含量的光学测定方法,包括紫外分光光度法、荧光光度法等,旨在为黄酮类化合物的研究、开发、应用提供参考.     

臭氧紫外联合-分光光度法测定水中总氮

采用臭氧紫外联合-分光光度法测定水中总氮含量,对国标法中传统的氧化消解方法进行了改进。建立了一套臭氧紫外联合作用的装置,可以对含氮水样进行连续消解。通过实验确定出最佳消解条件,作出校准曲线,并进行精密度检验。与标准方法相比,本法具有无需添加化学试剂,可以在线连续氧化,快速,方便,精密度高等特点,可以应用于污水在线监测系统,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

紫外分光光度法测定直接耐晒翠蓝GB染色强度的方法研究

在介质水中，直接耐晒翠蓝GB在609nm处有特征吸收峰，据此建立了一种紫外分光光度法测定直接耐晒翠蓝GB染色强度的方法。     

微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法的在线联用

自制了紫外-可见分光光度计的微柱电泳高效分离附件, 介绍了X射线衍射法在电泳微柱制备中的应用以及微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法的在线联用。使用水热法合成均匀石英微米晶粒,采用X射线衍射法表征和控制产物的晶相,并用扫描电子显微镜观察产物形貌。将合成的石英微米晶粒均匀填充在2 mm i.d.石英管中,制成电泳微柱。通过微柱电泳与紫外-可见分光光度法在线联用,对非衍生的色氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸进行了分离检测。检出限分别为0.037, 0.20和0.20 μmol·L-1,色氨酸的分离效率为每米4.5×104,电泳微柱的样品容量达到35 μL。实验结果表明,填充石英微米晶粒的微柱电泳可抑制大柱径电泳热效应,增大样品容量,提高检测灵敏度。微柱电泳与常规紫外-可见分光光度法联用可简便地对混合物进行在线分离和测定,进一步拓宽了紫外-可见分光光度计在光谱重叠组分痕量分析中的应用。     

非洛地平缓释片释放度检测方法的比较

制备了非洛地平缓释片,对其释放度的检测方法进行考察。采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分别测定非洛地平缓释片在1%吐温-80释放介质中的释放度,并分别对两种方法进行了方法学验证。结果表明紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法两者都符合释放度测定的要求,且两种方法测定的释放度结果没有显著的差异。     

炭黑非催化还原NO的实验研究

在石英管式炉固定床反应器上研究了程序升温条件下炭黑与NO反应的规律。实验表明:天然气炭黑比其它炭黑具有更高的脱除率、最低的起始反应温度;炭黑的起始反应温度随着NO反应气浓度增大而升高;升温速率越大,NO 的脱除率越大,起始反应温度越低;炭黑质量浓度越大,NO的脱除率越大,起始反应温度越低;反应气中氧存在可以降低炭黑-NO起始反应温度。     

Reversible A↔B reaction–diffusion process with initially mixed reactants: Boundary layer function approach

The reversible A?B reaction–diffusion process, when species A and B are initially mixed and diffuse with different diffusion coefficients, is usually considered as a diffusion-limited process. In this work the reaction rate in such a process is investigated using the boundary layer function method. It was shown that the reaction–diffusion process can be considered as a quasi-equilibrium process. Despite this fact the contribution of the changes in the species concentration of the reaction is comparable to that of the diffusion. Moreover, the ratios of the reaction and diffusion contributions are independent of time and coordinate. The dependence of the reaction rate on the initial species distribution is analyzed. It was demonstrated, for the first time, that the number of the reaction zones is determined by the initial conditions and changes with time. Also the asymptotic long-time behavior of the reaction rate depends on the initial species distribution.     

Simple model of inhibition of chain-branching combustion processes

A simple kinetic model has been suggested to describe the inhibition and extinction of flame propagation in reaction systems with chain-branching reactions typical for hydrocarbon systems. The model is based on the generalised model of the combustion process with chain-branching reaction combined with the one-stage reaction describing the thermal mode of flame propagation with the addition of inhibition reaction steps. Inhibitor addition suppresses the radical overshoot in flame and leads to the change of reaction mode from the chain-branching reaction to a thermal mode of flame propagation. With the increase of inhibitor the transition of chain-branching mode of reaction to the reaction with straight-chains (non-branching chain reaction) is observed. The inhibition part of the model includes a block of three reactions to describe the influence of the inhibitor. The heat losses are incorporated into the model via Newton cooling. The flame extinction is the result of the decreased heat release of inhibited reaction processes and the suppression of radical overshoot with the further decrease of the reaction rate due to the temperature decrease and mixture dilution. A comparison of the results of modelling laminar premixed methane/air flames inhibited by potassium bicarbonate (gas phase model, detailed kinetic model) with the results obtained using the suggested simple model is presented. The calculations with the detailed kinetic model demonstrate the following modes of combustion process: (1) flame propagation with chain-branching reaction (with radical overshoot, inhibitor addition decreases the radical overshoot down to the equilibrium level); (2) saturation of chemical influence of inhibitor, and (3) transition to thermal mode of flame propagation (non-branching chain mode of reaction). The suggested simple kinetic model qualitatively reproduces the modes of flame propagation with the addition of the inhibitor observed using detailed kinetic models.     

Reaction beds for dry sorption machines

Periodically operating dry sorption machines utilize the reaction enthalpies of suitable reversible adsorption and absorption reactions for the generation of useful heat and cold. Typical working materials are ammoniated salts (chlorides in connection with ammonia), zeolites (with water), activated carbon (with methanol), metal hydrides (with hydrogen). The key elements of such machines are the reaction beds, typically cylindrical tubes, in which ad(ab)sorption and desorption takes place, or in which the ad(ab)sorbant is condensed and evaporated. The heat and mass transfer inside these reaction beds is decisive for the operational characteristics of respective machines. An overview is given of typical designs of the reaction beds. Special emphasis is given to heat transfer enhancement techiques inside the reaction beds. The external heat transfer from and to the reaction bed wall is also addressed.     

表面催化反应对空间预混气体着火影响的研究

催化燃烧中表面反应和空间反应的相互影响是一个非常重要的问题,本文计算了表面有催化剂的高温小球利用催化反应放热点燃空间预混气体的温度和浓度分布情况,从而得到当空间预混气体着火时表面催化小球的温度低于无催化时空间预混气体着火温度,同时得到在利用催化反应放热点燃空间燃烧时,空间预混气体着火的温度却远远高于无催化下的空间预混气体着火温度,该结果与试验相符。     

二甲醚HCCI燃烧高温反应动力学分析

应用单区燃烧模型对二甲醚均质压燃燃烧的化学反应动力学过程进行了数值模拟研究。通过分析在内燃机压燃燃烧边界条件下二甲醚高温氧化反应过程中的关键基元反应速度、关键中间产物以及自由基的浓度随曲轴转角的变化,得到了二甲醚燃烧氧化的高温反应途经。结果表明,二甲醚均质压燃燃烧具有明显的两阶段放热特性,即低温反应放热和高温反应放热。高温反应阶段又可分为蓝焰反应阶段和热焰反应阶段,其中蓝焰反应阶段是甲醛氧化成CO的过程,热焰反应主要是CO氧化成CO2的过程。二甲醚氧化产物之一甲酸(HOCHO)在蓝焰反应阶段分解生成CO2。     

(4-溴甲基双环[4.4.1]-1,3,5,7,9-十一碳五烯基-3-)甲醇环氧化反应机理的理论研究

采用量子化学的密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6 31G*水平上研究了(4 溴甲基双环[4. 4. 1] 1, 3, 5,7, 9 十一碳五烯基3 )甲醇环氧化反应机理,在对反应物和产物几何结构优化的基础上,搜索优化了反应的过渡态结构,通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)跟踪方法对过渡态及其所处的反应路径进行了确认,并用电荷密度拓扑分析方法考察了反应过程中旧键断裂和新键形成的细节.计算结果表明,该反应中的消除反应和成环反应是协同进行的,溴化氢消除反应中的氢来自与O( 22 )相连的羟基氢,反应的活化势垒为139. 2kJ/mol,反应放热25. 1kJ/mol.     

Quantitative calculation of reaction performance in sonochemical reactor by bubble dynamics

In order to design a sonochemical reactor with high reaction efficiency, it is important to clarify the size and intensity of the sonochemical reaction field. In this study, the reaction field in a sonochemical reactor is estimated from the distribution of pressure above the threshold for cavitation. The quantitation of hydroxide radical in a sonochemical reactor is obtained from the calculation of bubble dynamics and reaction equations. The distribution of the reaction field of the numerical simulation is consistent with that of the sonochemical luminescence. The sound absorption coefficient of liquid in the sonochemical reactor is much larger than that attributed to classical contributions which are heat conduction and shear viscosity. Under the dual irradiation, the reaction field becomes extensive and intensive because the acoustic pressure amplitude is intensified by the interference of two ultrasonic waves.     

Diffusion and thermite reaction process of film-honeycomb Al/NiO nanothermite:Molecular dynamics simulations using ReaxFF reactive force field

The diffusion and thermite reaction process of Al/NiO nanothermite composed of Al nanofilm and NiO nano honeycomb are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations in combination with the Reax FF. The diffusion and thermite reaction are characterized by measuring energy release, adiabatic reaction temperature, and activation energy. Based on time evolution of atomic configuration and mean square displacement, the initialization of the thermite reaction process of Al/NiO nanothermite results from the diffusion of Al atoms. Under the microcanonical ensemble, it is found that the adiabatic reaction temperature of the thermite reaction process of Al/NiO nanothermite reaches over 5500 K, and activation energy is 8.43 k J/mol. The release energy of the thermite reaction process of Al/NiO nanothermite is 2.2 k J/g, which is in accordance with the available experimental value. With the same initial temperature, the adiabatic reaction temperature of the thermite reaction process of Al/NiO nanothermite has a tendency to decrease dramatically as the equivalence ratio increases. On the basis of chemical bond analysis, the initial temperature and equivalence ratio have great effects on the thermite reaction process, but do not significantly affect the average length of Al–Ni nor Al–O bond. Overall, the thermite reaction of film-honeycomb Al/NiO nanothermite is a complicated process instead of a theoretical equation.     

聚变反应时间历程的双峰结构测量

利用新研制的聚变反应速率测量系统,在神光Ⅲ原型装置上测量了间接驱动时充DT气体的玻璃球壳内爆靶丸的聚变反应速率的时间历程,获得了DT中子产额约为1010时的聚变反应速率随时间的变化过程,发现了聚变中子发射在时间上的双峰结构。利用辐射流体程序对聚变中子在时间上的双峰结构进行了数值模拟,发现双峰结构分别由冲击压缩过程和惯性压缩过程产生,靶丸壳层厚度不同时产生的聚变中子发射双峰强度比变化可能是由靶丸的初始表面调制度不同所致。通过理论模拟与实验结果的对比,验证了中子聚变反应历程的双峰结构。