An updated search of steady TeV γ-ray point sources in northern hemisphere using the Tibet air shower array

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February—1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November—2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV γ-ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From 0.0° to 60.0° in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV γ-ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV γ-ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.     

On the surface brightness radial profile of the extendedγ-ray sources

The morphology of the extendedγ-ray source is governed by the propagation process of parent relativistic particles.In this paper,we investigate the surface brightness radial profile of extendedγ-ray sources illuminated by cosmic ray protons and electrons,considering the radiation mechanisms,projection effects,and the response of instruments.We find that the parent particle species and the propagation process can cause considerable differences in the observed radial profiles.Thus,the surface brightness profile can be used as a unique tool to identify the radiation mechanism and the propagation process of the parent particles.In addition,we also discuss the possible implications regarding the latest discoveries from very/ultra-high energyγ-ray instruments like LHAASO and HAWC.     

Preliminary experimental study and simulation of an energy-tunable quasi-monochromatic laser-Compton X/γ-ray source

We propose a slanting collision scheme for Compton scattering of a laser light against a relativistic electron beam. This scheme is suitable to generate an energy-tunable X/γ-ray source. In this paper, we present theoretical study and simulation of the spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of such a source. We also describe two terms laser-Compton scattering (LCS) experiments at the 100 MeV Linac of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, where quasi-monochromatic LCS X-ray energy spectra with peak energies of ～30 keV are observed successfully. These preliminary investigations are carried out to understand the feasibility of developing an energy-tunable quasi-monochromatic X/γ-ray source, the future Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source.     

用羊八井ASγ实验数据寻找TeV能区的γ射线暴

γ射线暴的TeV能区辐射对研究其起源、辐射机制等是非常重要的.利用西藏羊八井ASγ实验三期阵列的重建数据,通过在给定的小天区和时间间隔内寻找较高显著性事例团的方法对TeV能区的γ射线暴进行了寻找,在计算过程中采用“等天顶角法”来估计背景.工作中采用了两种途径来寻找γ射线暴,一种是与卫星γ射线暴的符合寻找,另一种是全天区独立寻找.结果发现少量事例团对背景有明显超出,考虑试验次数后,其超出还不足以认定为γ射线暴.通过Monte Carlo模拟,给出了在95%置信水平下,到达大气顶部流强上限的估计值为3.32×10^-9—1.24×10^-7 cm^-2s^-1. 关键词： γ射线暴 TeV能区 ASγ实验 宇宙射线     

An approach to evaluate the efficiency of γ-ray detectors to determine the radioactivity in environmental samples

This work provides an approach to determine the efficiency of γ-ray detectors with a good accuracy in order to determine the concentrations of either naturally occurring or artificially prepared radionuclides. This approach is based on the efficiency transfer formula(ET), the effective solid angles, the self- absorptions of the source matrix, the attenuation by the source container and the detector housing materials on the detector efficiency. The experimental calibration process was done using radioactive(Cylindrical Marinelli) sources, in different dimensions,that contain aqueous152 Eu radionuclide. The comparison point to a fine agreement between the experimental measured and calculated efficiencies for the(NaI HPGe) detectors using volumetric radioactive sources.     

Evaluation of the 1077 keV γ-ray emission probability from ~(68)Ga decay

68Ga decays to the excited states of68Zn through the electron capture decay mode. New recommended values for the emission probability of 1077 keV γ-ray given by the ENSDF and DDEP databases all use data from absolute measurements. In 2011, JIANG Li-Yang deduced a new value for 1077 keV γ-ray emission probability by measuring the69Ga(n,2n)68Ga reaction cross section. The new value is about 20% lower than values obtained from previous absolute measurements and evaluations. In this paper, the discrepancies among the measurements and evaluations are analyzed carefully and the new values are re-recommended. Our recommended value for the emission probability of 1077 keV γ-ray is(2.72±0.16)%.     

High-spin states in 190Pt

The level structure of 190Pt has been studied experimentally using the 176Yb (18O, 4n) reaction at beam energies of 88 and 95 MeV. γ-γ-t coincidence measurements were carried out. Based onthe analysis of γ-γ coincidence relationships, the level scheme of 190Pt is extended to high-spin states. A new structure built on the 3413.6 keV 14+ state has been observed, and the vi1-213/2 vh-19/2 vj (j = p3/2 or f5/2) configuration is tentatively assigned to it.     

CdZnTe平面探测器对低能X/γ射线的光谱响应

基于3片不同条件下生长的CdZnTe晶片制备出平面电极(Planar)探测器CZT1、CZT2及CZT3.分析室温下3个探测器在不同场强作用下对低能X/γ射线的光谱响应,并结合相应晶体材料的载流子迁移特性和掺杂剂的浓度以及存在状态,归纳影响探测器分辨率的原因.掺杂In浓度高的探测器CZT1,由于材料中存在的深能级缺陷Cd2+i,作为电子的俘获中心,影响了载流子的收集效率,进而降低了探测器的能量分辨率;掺杂In浓度低的探测器CZT2对不同能量X/γ射线均具有较好的能量分辨率;而Al掺杂探测器CZT3,由于Al间隙原子Ali的存在作为电子的散射中心,最终影响了收集效率及能量分辨率.     

The effects of ⁶⁰Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

The effects of 60Co γ-ray irradiation on the DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN enhancement-mode high-electron-mobility transistors (E-mode HEMTs) are investigated. The results show that having been irradiated by 60Co γ-rays at a dose of 3 Mrad (Si), the E-mode HEMT reduces its saturation drain current and maximal transconductance by 6% and 5%, respectively, and significantly increases both forward and reverse gate currents, while its threshold voltage is affected only slightly. The obvious performance degradation of E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is consistent with the creation of electronegative surface state charges in the source-gate spacer and gate-drain spacer after being irradiated.     

利用X射线衍射技术分析黄藤材微纤丝角、结晶度及γ射线的影响

为了解棕榈藤材基本材性、提高我国棕榈藤资源高附加值加工利用水平,以我国特有的黄藤为研究对象,应用X射线衍射法测定黄藤材微纤丝角、结晶度,并就γ射线辐照处理对微纤丝角、结晶度有何影响进行了分析。结果表明:纤维微纤丝角在33.4°～38.7°范围内,平均为36.1°;藤皮处微纤丝角不比藤芯处的大。当标准剂量率为2.5×103Gy.h-1、辐射剂量分别为3,9和15kGy三个水平时,辐照处理前后对应微纤丝角分别为36.2°和35.8°,35.9°和35.4°,36.2°和35.4°,较处理前分别减小了1.10%,1.39%和2.21%。纤维素结晶度在24.8%～32.0%范围内,平均为28.6%,藤皮处结晶度均比藤芯处高。辐照处理前后对应结晶度分别为28.1%和26.0%,28.1%和26.9%,28.5%和27.1%,较处理前分别减小了7.58%,4.34%和4.70%,其中当辐射剂量为3kGy时,辐照导致结晶度差异在0.001水平上极显著。     

一位80年前留学生的博士论文——戴礼智关于汞合金磁化率的研究

戴礼智于1934年留学英国伦敦大学,师从著名磁学家贝茨从事汞合金磁性研究。戴礼智与导师合作,运用古埃(Gouy)法对已知成分的铋、铬、铜、锰等汞合金的磁化率进行测量,发现除铜外,在固态下显示抗磁性的金属,其汞合金均显示顺磁性;发现锰—汞合金的磁化率具有温度滞后现象;此外,还研究了滴定法磁化率测量。文章以戴礼智的博士论文、档案及发表论文为基础,回顾并分析了上世纪30年代戴礼智在汞合金磁性方面的实验研究工作,以了解当时中国物理学界在此方面的贡献。新的史料也提供了戴礼智在英国留学的情形。     

现代物理学的先驱者——印度的J.C.玻色和S.N.玻色——兼谈东西方文化合流有利于创新人才的培养

本文简要地介绍了东方文明古国印度的两位现代物理学的杰出先驱——J．C．玻色和S．N．玻色的生平简历、卓越的贡献和爱国情怀．深刻地揭示了在他们身上，既体现出了西方科学的精神，又凸显了东方传统文明对他们的巨大影响，从而阐明了东方人的大脑在原创性科学工作上是极具潜力的．     

背角无齿蚌对放射性核素富集作用的γ能谱分析

利用HPGe多道γ能谱仪对背角无齿蚌蚌肉、蚌壳及其天然生存环境样品中的238U、225Ra、223Ra、232Th、40K、137Cs、134Cs、210pb、103Ru、131I 10种放射性核素进行了测试分析.环境样品中检出238U、226Ra、232Th、210Pb、40K、137Cs;蚌肉中检出226Ra、232Th、210Pb、40K;蚌壳只中检出226Ra、232Th.结果表明,在天然本底环境下,蚌肉对226Ra的富集作用最强,对232Th、210pb的富集作用相对较强.对40K的富集作用相对较弱,富集系数由大到小的顺序为:226Ra＞232Th＞210pb＞40K;蚌壳对226Ra、232Th的富集作用较强,富集系数的大小顺序为:226Ra＞232Th,蚌壳对210Pb、40K的富集作用均非常弱;蚌肉对226Ra、232Th、210pb、40K的富集作用均强于蚌壳.本工作为合理开发利用河蚌这一自然资源提供了参考数据和科学依据.     

追念钱临照先生——《钱临照文集》读后感

文章叙述了钱临照教授的科学生涯,展示了他对物理学所作的主要贡献和对现代中国科学和教育事业的发展所起的重要作用.文中也包含了作者的一些个人回忆.     

基于GMS90C32单片机的GPS授时显示系统设计与实现

提出了基于GMS90C32 单片机的GPS 显示系统的设计方法。从硬件实现和软件实现这两个方面给出了基于GMS90C32单片机的GPS授时显示系统设计,在系统的硬件设计部分,首先给出了各个功能模块和相关的技术参数,其次针对各个功能模块详细介绍了其功能的实现和电路的连接;在系统软件设计部分,首先给出了系统软件设计主程序, 然后重点分析了GPS模块信息及串口程序以及12864液晶屏驱动程序。最后系统测试表明,系统不仅能够显示GPS模块的授时信息,而且可以向外界发送授时信息。使用无线模块并制定相应通信协议,使得其他设备可以通过无线模块接收本系统中获取的GPS授时信息。这样无需在设备中集成体积庞大的GPS模块,从而减少设备体积和生产成本。     

12C快中子辐射俘获反应中的共振现象

主要研究中子辐射俘获反应中的共振现象,利用DSD模型计算激发能量在5—25MeV能区的¹²C(n,γ0)反应截面与E_n=9MeV时的角分布.所考虑的反应机制包括复合核俘获、直接和半直接俘获、复弹性和非弹性散射道的辐射俘获.计算表明,矮共振的峰值在激发能量为13MeV处;巨共振的峰值位置在激发能量21MeV处.计算结果与实验符合较好.     

C/O γ能谱测井新的解析理论和方法

报道了快中子非弹性散射γ能谱测井(C/O γ能谱测井)新的解析理论和方法, 也就是由C/O能谱测井仪在井眼中获取地层的快中子非弹性散射γ射线、 NaI(Tl)探测器测量得到的256道谱, 再由实测非弹谱确定地层中主要元素C, O, Si, Ca和Fe等对非弹γ谱的贡献分额, 利用同一地层F因子相同, 求出C产额与O产额比, C的百分含量与O的百分含量和原子含量比, 及Ca和Si相应比值.A new analyzing theory and method of C/O spectrometry logging is reported. Fast neutron enelastic scattering γ ray spectra(256 channels) were acquired in borehole by NaI(Tl) detector. The enelastic scattering γ ray from major elements C, O, Si, Ca, Fe, etc. have the fractions of mixed enelastic spectrum in formation respectively. Because F factor is the same for identical formation, then the ratio of yield of C to O, the ratio of weight percent of C to O, and the ratio of atoms C to O could be found, and the corresponding ratio of Ca to Si was found.     

5-冰片氧基-3,4-二取代-2(5H)-呋喃酮NMR研究

总结了一系列光学纯5-冰片氧基-3,4-二取代-2(5H)-呋喃酮的¹H NMR和¹³C NMR化学位移数据,研究了不同取代基对结构及化学位移的影响.     

5-(艹孟)氧基-3,4-二取代丁烯内酯NMR的研究

报道了光学纯5-(1-(艹孟)氧基)-3,4-二取代-2(5H)-呋喃酮的¹H NMR和¹³C NMR数据,研究了不同取代基对结构以及核磁参数的影响.     

新颖的双通道输出高功率掺铒光纤宽带光源

在分析L波段放大自发辐射(ASE)谱产生原理的基础上,设计出一种新颖的双级结构掺铒光纤ASE宽带光源,该光源可在两个端口分别输出高功率的C波段和L波段的ASE谱.设计将C波段ASE谱注入到掺铒光纤中作为L波段ASE谱的二次抽运源,使得L波段ASE谱功率得到了有效提高.优化光源结构参量后从两个端口分别获得了12.97 dBm和12.81 dBm的C波段和L波段ASE宽带谱.将两个输出端口组合得到了功率为15.9 dBm,泵浦转换效率达到21.6%的C+L波段超宽带ASE光源.