Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3+的真空紫外光谱特性

研究了Sr3Gd(PO4)3 : Tm3 和GdPO4 : Tm3 样品的结构特性、光谱特性.GdPO4 : Tm3 为单斜晶系,基质掺入铥离子后结构没有明显变化.GdPO4:Tm3 在164和210 nm附近有强烈的吸收峰.位于164 nm附近的强烈的吸收峰是归因于基质的吸收引起,210 nm附近的吸收峰则归因于Gd 的8S7/2-6GJ的能级跃迁.在164 nm真空紫外光激发下,样品于453及363 nm处有较强的发射峰,发射主峰位于453nm,属于Tm3 的1D2→3H4(22,123 cm-1)跃迁的典型发射.由于阳离子质量的不同,Sr3Gd(PO4)3:Tm3 在166 nm附近的激发峰高于GdPO4: Tm3 的同位置的激发峰,其在363 nm处的发射有明显减弱,而在453 nm处的蓝色发射有显著的增强.     

Effect of a triaxial nuclear shape on proton tunneling: the decay and structure of 145Tm

Gamma rays deexciting states in the proton emitter 145Tm were observed using the recoil-decay tagging method. The 145Tm ground-state rotational band was found to exhibit the properties expected for an h{11/2} proton decoupled band. In addition, coincidences between protons feeding the 2{+} state in 144Er and the 2{+}-->0{+} gamma-ray transition were detected, the first measurement of this kind, leading to a more precise value for the 2{+} excitation energy of 329(1) keV. Calculations with the particle-rotor model and the core quasiparticle coupling model indicate that the properties of the pi{11/2} band and the proton-decay rates in 145Tm are consistent with the presence of triaxiality with an asymmetry parameter gamma approximately 20 degrees .     

New experimental results in proton radioactivity

A review of experimental data obtained recently on proton-radioactive nuclei is presented. The highlights include the observation of fine structure in proton emission, for the decays of ¹³¹Eu, ¹⁴⁵Tm and ¹⁴⁶Tm, and the studies of the excited states in proton-emitting nuclei. The observation limits are extended to few nanobarns cross-sections ( ¹⁴⁰Ho, ¹⁶⁴Ir and ¹³⁰Eu) and few microsecond half-lives (e.g., ¹⁴⁵Tm). Measured decay properties for thirty-nine proton-emitting ground and isomeric states contributed to the understanding of nuclear masses and evolution of single-particle states at and beyond the proton drip line. Experimental results have stimulated new theoretical approaches to proton emission and the structure of unbound narrow resonance states. Received: 21 March 2002 / Accepted: 16 May 2002 / Published online: 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: rykaczew@phy.ornl.gov     

Tm3+激活无水芒硝在真空紫外光激发下的发光性质

采用高温固相反应方法在空气中制备了Na2SO4:Tm2+发光材料.用X射线衍射对晶体结构进行了表征.发射光谱由Tm3+内4f12电子跃迁的窄峰组成.激发光谱分别由Tm3+离子4f12→4f115d跃迁(183nm),O2--Tm3+之间的电荷转移带(170 nm)引起的强激发谱和基质吸收(130,223,258 nm)...     

Yb3+-Tm3+共掺钨钼酸盐纳米晶体的发光特性

以聚乙二醇为络合剂,采用水热法制备了发光性能优越的Yb3+-Tm3+共掺BaGd2(WO4)0.5(MoO4)0.5纳米晶体。改变稀土掺杂量并生产不同掺杂量的BaGd2(WO4)0.5(MoO4)0.5∶Yb3+/Tm3+。以X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品进行表征。结果表明,BaGd2(WO4)0.5-(MoO4)0.5∶Yb3+/Tm3+纳米晶属四方晶系,粒径在25~40nm之间,使用Hitachif-4500分光光度计分析样品,发现当Yb3+/Tm3+为4∶1、Yb3+离子浓度为6.0%时,BaGd2(WO4)0.5(MoO4)0.5∶Yb3+/Tm3+的发光效率最高。当Tm3+离子发生1G4→3H6跃迁时会产生可见光发射,对应于光谱图中475nm处的蓝光;当Tm3+离子发生1G4→3F4跃迁时产生的可见光发射,对应于光谱图中650nm处的红光。光谱图像及泵浦功率的双对数曲线表明,其中蓝光发射是三光子发射过程,红光发射是双光子发射过程。样品的量子产率接近0.9%。Yb3+-Tm3+共掺BaGd2(WO4)0.5(MoO4)0.5纳米晶体的发光性能优异,具有很高的应用价值。     

Eu/Tm/Tb掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃的发光性能

采用熔融淬冷法制备了性能优越的Eu/Tm/Tb单掺、双掺和三掺的硼硅酸盐玻璃。测试了样品的激发和发射光谱,计算了CIE色坐标,研究了紫外激发下Eu/Tm/Tb掺杂的硼硅酸盐玻璃的发光性能。结果表明:在361 nm激发下,随着Tm~(3+)加入到Eu_2O_3掺杂的硼硅酸盐样品中,观察到Tm~(3+)的459 nm(1D_2→3F_4)锐线特征发射峰,同时由于Eu~(3+),Eu2+→Tm~(3+)的能量传递的存在降低了Eu2+的437 nm宽带峰及Eu~(3+)的589nm(5D0→7F1)和612 nm(5D_0→7F_2)的特征发射峰强度。在377 nm激发下,Eu/Tm/Tb三掺样品能够同时出现红、绿和蓝光。调节Eu2O3的含量能有效改变发光玻璃的发光强度和颜色,最终得到色坐标为(0.33,0.386 7)的发光玻璃。     

Ultraviolet upconversion fluorescence in rare-earth-ion-doped Y2O3 induced by infrared diode laser excitation

Room-temperature ultraviolet emission of Tm(3+) ions at 298 ((1)I(6)-->(3)H(6)), 364 ((1)D(2)-->(3)H(6)), and 391 nm ((1)I(6)-->(3)H(5)) was obtained in Y(2)O(3):Yb(3+)-Tm(3+) by continuous-wave diode laser excitation of 980 nm. Power dependence analysis demonstrates that five- and six-photon upconversion processes populate the (1)D(2) and (1)I(6) states, respectively. We believe that the (1)D(2) population originates from the cross relaxation (1)G(4)+(3)F(4)-->(3)H(4)+(1)D(2) of the Tm(3+) ions, while subsequent energy transfer from Yb(3+) to Tm(3+) excites the (1)D(2) state to the upper (1)I(6) state. High multiphoton-induced ultraviolet emission is also expected for other trivalent rare-earth ions similar to Tm(3+).     

Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺氟氧化物碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光及光学温度传感

采用高温熔融淬火法成功的合成了Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂的含有不同浓度Tm~(3+)的氟氧化物碲酸盐玻璃.测量了样品的吸收光谱,结果表明Yb~(3+)和Tm~(3+)成功掺入到玻璃基质中.在980nm激发下,样品在801nm(3H4→3H6)发射最强,在476nm(1G4→3H6)和651nm(1G4→3F4)发射较弱;分析了上转换发光强度与Tm~(3+)浓度依赖关系,确定了上转换发光的最佳掺杂浓度为0.1%Tm2O3;探讨Tm~(3+)的上转换发光机理和Tm~(3+)的浓度猝灭机理,结果表明在980nm激发下Tm~(3+)获得的能量主要来自于Yb~(3+)→Tm~(3+)的量传递,Tm~(3+)的浓度猝灭机理为Tm~(3+)-Tm~(3+)之间的交叉弛豫导致的无辐射能量传递,根据能量匹配的原则,给出可能的交叉弛豫通道.此外,在980nm激发以3F2,3和3H4作为热耦合能级研究分析了Tm~(3+)在氟氧化物碲酸盐玻璃中的温度传感性能,结果表明灵敏度随温度的升高而升高,说明Tm~(3+)掺杂的氟氧化物碲酸盐玻璃可以作为光纤传感材料,且在高温灵敏度更佳.     

掺Tm3+有机-无机复合材料的合成及光谱参数计算

以正硅酸乙酯与γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体,应用溶胶-凝胶技术,合成了Tm3+离子掺杂的有机-无机复合材料。从吸收光谱特性出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,计算得到了Tm3+离子的J-O强度参量(Ω2,Ω4,Ω6)及Tm3+离子各激发能级的自发辐射跃迁概率、荧光分支比及辐射寿命等光谱参量。根据McCumber理论计算了Tm3+离子能级3H6←→3F4(1.8μm)跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面,同时,根据所获得的吸收截面、发射截面以及掺杂离子浓度等参数获得了Tm3+离子在凝胶玻璃中的增益截面函数。与其它玻璃掺杂基质比较可知,Tm3+掺杂的有机改良硅酸盐玻璃在～1.8μm和～2.0μm波段的中红外激光中有潜在的应用前景。     

Nanocrystalline RE2O3:Tm3+ (RE: Gd3+, Y3+) Blue Phosphors Synthesized via the Combustion Method

This work reports on the preparation of a luminescent blue-emitting rare earth (RE) Tm-doped oxide phosphor. Nanocrystalline RE2O3:Tm3+ particles were prepared via the combustion method using citric acid, glycine, or urea as fuels. Samples were doped with different percentages of the activator Tm3+. The post-annealing treatment was performed in air for all the samples, at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1100 degrees C, for 4 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and scanning electron and transmission microscopies (SEM and TEM) in order to determine the best synthetic procedure. The post-annealed powders showed blue emission with maximum at 452 nm characteristics for Tm3+ transition 1D2 --> 3H4 (under UV excitation at 360 nm). Samples, presented a tri-dimensional porous structure (50-200 nm) formed of spheroid particles with a diameter between 20 and 60 nm. The best luminescent material was obtained when urea was used to prepare nanoparticles of Gd2O3 doped with 0.5% Tm3+, and 1100 degrees C was used as the post-annealing temperature.     

KLa(MoO_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)白光荧光粉的制备及性能研究

采用水热法成功制备了Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)三掺的多晶KLa(Mo O4)2荧光粉。在980 nm激光激发下,KLa(MoO_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)发出裸眼可见的明亮白光,这其中包括Tm~(3+)离子发出的蓝光(~475 nm)、Ho~(3+)离子发出的绿光(~540 nm)和红光(~651 nm)。根据色度坐标系计算得出的坐标点可以看出,随着Ho~(3+)/Tm~(3+)掺杂浓度之比的增加,KLa(Mo O_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)所发出的白光呈现从冷白光到暖白光的变化。最后详细讨论了KLa(Mo O_4)_2∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+),Tm~(3+)荧光粉可能的发光机制。     

Tm~(3+)/Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂的镓锗酸盐玻璃光谱性能及能量传递

采用熔融淬冷法制备得到透明的Tm~(3+)/Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂镓锗钠玻璃。对比研究了808 nm和980 nm激发下Tm_2O_3含量对样品可见-红外光学光谱特性的影响。结合稀土离子能级结构,分析了Tm~(3+)、Er~(3+)和Yb~(3+)离子之间的能量传递机制。结果表明:在808 nm和980 nm的激发下,Tm~(3+)/Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂样品中均观察到了473,655,521,544 nm的蓝、红和绿光。在808 nm激发下,随着Tm~(3+)浓度的增加,Tm~(3+):1 800 nm和Er~(3+):1 530 nm发射强度的比率I1.8/I1.53逐渐增大。由于在Tm~(3+)和Er~(3+)间的能量传递有效地改变了红光和绿光的发射强度,473,521,655 nm的发光强度呈现先升高再降低的趋势,在Tm_2O_3掺杂摩尔分数为0.3%时达到最大值。而在980 nm激发下,由于Yb~(3+)对Er~(3+)和Tm~(3+)的能量传递起主要作用,使得其上转换红光(655 nm)、绿光(521 nm和544 nm)和蓝光(473 nm)的发光强度高于808 nm激发下的上转换发光。     

Ho3+/Tm3+共掺Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃的2.0μm中红外发光特性的研究

用熔融急冷法制备了系列Ho3+/Tm3+共掺的78GeS2-12Ga2S3-10Csl玻璃样品,测试了样品的吸收光谱以及808 nm激光泵浦下的2μm中红外荧光光谱.用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Ho3+离子在78GeS2-12Ga2S3-10CsI硫卤玻璃中的强度参数Ω(i=2,4,6)、自发辐射跃迁概率Arad和...     

Tm3+掺杂SiO2-Al2O3-PbF2-AlF3玻璃的光谱特性

用高温熔融法制备了不同Tm3 摩尔分数掺杂的摩尔分数比为0.3(SiO2)…0.1(Al2O3)…0.1(AlF3)…0.5(PbF2)…x(Tm2O3)(摩尔分数x=0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,3.0%)玻璃。从吸收光谱特性出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,计算得到了Tm3 的J-O强度参量(Ω2,Ω4,Ω6)及Tm3 各激发能级的自发辐射跃迁概率、荧光分支比以及辐射寿命等光谱参量。在808nm波长的激光二极管激发下,研究了不同Tm3 掺杂摩尔分数下玻璃在约1.47μm与约1.8μm处的荧光特性,在掺杂摩尔分数约达到2.0%时,在1.8μm处的荧光强度达最大,然后随着掺杂摩尔分数的增大,其荧光强度反而降低。作者从Tm3 的交叉弛豫与摩尔分数猝灭效应解释了这一荧光强度变化的规律,同时,根据McCumber理论计算了Tm3 跃迁3H6→3F4的吸收截面和跃迁3F4→3H6的受激发射截面。     

铥配合物的红外有机电致发光

合成了两种三价铥配合物,并将其制成双层结构器件。首次得到了直流低压驱动下,来自铥离子＾３Ｈ４→＾３Ｈ６电子跃迁红外（ＩＲ）发光。     

氟锆酸盐玻璃中Tm^3＋和（Tm^3＋＋Ho^3＋）离子的光谱研究

给出氟锆酸（ＺＢＬＡＮ）玻璃中＾Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋离子的Ｑｔ参量，并与氧化物玻璃中Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋的Ｑｔ参量进行了比较，用３７５ｎｍ和４６８ｎｍ波长激发单掺ＺＢＬＡＮ中Ｔｍ＾３＋离子，获得来自Ｄ，２，＾３Ｈ４，Ｇ４能级不同发射波长的发光强度随掺杂浓度的变化，而用小于１μｍ的激发波长激发发单掺Ｔｍ＾３＋或Ｈｏ＾３＋样品，获得近红外区发射光谱。文中给出掺杂浓度对于Ｔｍ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾＋近红外区     

NaYF4∶Eu3+, Tm3+, Yb3+材料中Stokes和反Stokes发光研究

合成了Eu3+,Tm3+和Yb3+掺杂的NaYF₄材料。360 nm光激发呈蓝色发光,峰值位于452 nm,对应Tm3+的1D₂→3F₄跃迁;395 nm光激发呈橙色发光,峰值位于591 nm,对应Eu3+的5D₀→7F₁跃迁;409 nm光激发呈红色发光,峰值位于613 nm,对应Eu3+的5D₀→7F₂跃迁;980 nm光激发呈蓝色和红色发光,发光峰位于474和646 nm。蓝光来源Tm3+的1G₄ →3H₆跃迁,红光来源Tm3+的1G₄→3F₄跃迁。在双对数曲线中,蓝光474 nm和红光646 nm的斜率分别为2.1和2.4,在980 nm光激发下,蓝光和红光发射都是双光子过程。还研究了材料的吸收光谱,并利用X射线衍射,扫描电镜测试了材料的物相结构和微观形貌。结果表明：NaYF₄∶Eu3+, Tm3+, Yb3+材料具有较规则的六方相结构,结晶良好。     

Tm3+/Ho3+掺杂碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光性能与能量转换机制

采用高温熔融法制备了单掺Tm3+和Tm3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃,测试了808 nm激光泵浦下玻璃的红外和上转换荧光光谱。Tm3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃上转换荧光光谱主要由695 nm红光、544 nm绿光、474 nm蓝光和740 nm红光四个发光带组成。通过分析样品的光谱性能和能量转换机制,发现很少报道的740 nm红光可能是由Tm3+：1D₂ →3F_{2, 3}能级跃迁产生的。在掺杂0.5 mol％ Tm₂O₃的样品中添加0.3 mol％ Ho₂O₃,695 nm红光、740 nm红光和474 nm蓝光等上转换发光强度明显增大,大约分别是单掺0.5 mol％ Tm₂O₃样品中发光强度的3倍,2.5倍和14倍。这些情况说明存在着强烈的Ho3+→Tm3+反向能量传递。单掺Tm3+碲酸盐玻璃中1D₂能级(发射740 nm红光)上的粒子集居主要来源于合作上转换(CU)过程,而3F_{2, 3}能级(发射695 nm红光)上的粒子集居除了来源于CU过程之外,还有740 nm红光的发射和1G₄能级上部分粒子的无辐射跃迁(1G₄→3F_{2, 3})两条途径,因此样品中695 nm红光强度明显要大于740 nm红光强度。通过交叉驰豫作用CR2和CR3以及反向共振能量转移RET2,Tm3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃中Tm3+的1G₄能级(发射474 nm蓝光)上的粒子集居数比单掺Tm3+时出现了净增加。Tm3+的1G₄能级上粒子集居数的增加可能进一步强化了该能级的无辐射跃迁、740 nm红光的发射以及CU过程,并进而促使Tm3+的3F_{2, 3}能级上的粒子集居。所以,当Tm3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃与单掺Tm3+碲酸盐玻璃中掺杂相同浓度的Tm3+时,前者的红光和蓝光等上转换荧光强度均比后者要大。本文还研究了Tm3+之间以及Tm3+与 Ho3+之间的交叉弛豫和能量传递等效应,并进一步探讨了Tm3+与 Ho3+之间的能量转换机制。     

Yb3+敏化Tm3+掺杂氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光研究

研究了Yb2O3浓度对Tm3 /Yb3 共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光的影响,分析了上转换发光机理。结果发现,通过980 nm的激光二极管激发,在室温下同时观察到强烈的蓝光(475 nm)和微弱的红光(649 nm),分别是由于Tm3 离子1G4→3H6和1G4→3F4跃迁产生的;上转换机理分析表明,上转换蓝光和红光都是由于双光子吸收过程。随Yb2O3浓度增加,Yb3 离子寿命降低,Yb3 到Tm3 的能量转移效率增加,上转换蓝光和红光强度先增加,在Yb2O3摩尔比为3时达到最大,然后降低。分析认为,Yb3 的浓度猝灭主要是由于3H4(Tm3 )→2F5/2(Yb3 )反向能量转移的结果。结果表明Yb3 敏化Tm3 掺杂氧卤碲酸盐玻璃是一种上转换蓝光激光器的潜在基质材料。     

Intense 2.7 μm and broadband 2.0 μm emission from diode-pumped Er3+/Tm3+/Ho(3+)-doped fluorophosphate glass

This Letter reports intense emission at 2.7 μm and broadband emission at 2.0 μm from Er(3+)/Tm(3+)/Ho(3+)-doped fluorophosphate glass. The fluorescence characteristics and energy transfer upon excitation of a conventional 980 nm laser diode are investigated. Based on the fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurement, the effect of Tm(3+) and Ho(3+) ions on intense 2.7 μm emission in fluorophosphate glass is demonstrated. It is also found that the effective bandwidth of 2.0 μm emission due to Tm(3+) and Ho(3+) ions can reach as high as 196 nm. These results indicate that the advantageous spectroscopic characteristics of Er(3+)/Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) triply doped fluorophosphate glass together with the outstanding thermal properties may become an attractive host for the mid-IR solid state lasers.