Reentrant behavior of the phase stiffness in Josephson junction arrays

The phase diagram of a 2D Josephson junction array with large substrate resistance, described by a quantum XY model, is studied by means of Fourier path-integral Monte Carlo. A genuine Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is found up to a threshold value g( small star, filled ) of the quantum coupling, beyond which no phase coherence is established. Slightly below g( small star, filled ) the phase stiffness shows a reentrant behavior with temperature, in connection with a low-temperature disappearance of the superconducting phase, driven by strong nonlinear quantum fluctuations.     

Coherence scale of the kondo lattice

It is shown that the large- N approach yields two energy scales for the Kondo lattice model. The single-impurity Kondo temperature, T(K), signals the onset of local singlet formation, while Fermi-liquid coherence sets in only below a lower scale, T small star, filled. At low conduction electron density n(c) ("exhaustion" limit), the ratio T small star, filled/T(K) is much smaller than unity, and is shown to depend only on n(c) and not on the Kondo coupling. The physical meaning of these two scales is demonstrated by computing several quantities as a function of n(c) and temperature.     

磁场下高温超导YBCO颗粒膜的非平衡微波响应

应用二维约瑟夫逊弱连接网络模型 ,讨论了磁场引起的二维超导体系中磁通“涡旋反涡旋”束缚对的激发问题 ,给出了自由涡旋分布 n( T,H )的分析表达式 ,对比 YBCO颗粒膜样品的非平衡微波响应测量数据发现 :两者具有相似的分布特征。该结果表明 ,高温超导颗粒膜的非平衡微波响应机制与磁通“涡旋反涡旋”束缚对的激发态可能存在某种内在联系。     

Formation of a magnetic soliton lattice in copper metaborate

The magnetic ground state of CuB2O4 is incommensurate at T = 1.8 K and undergoes a continuous phase transition to a noncollinear commensurate antiferromagnetic state at T(small star), filled approximately 10 K. Close to T(small star), filled higher-order magnetic satellites are observed. Coexistence of long- and short-range magnetic order is observed in both magnetic phases. This suggests that the association of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and anisotropy leads to the formation of a magnetic soliton lattice.     

Non-classical radiation emission by a coherent conductor

We report experimental evidence that the microwave electromagnetic field generated by a normal conductor, here a tunnel junction placed at ultra-low temperature, can be non-classical. By measuring the quadratures of the electromagnetic field at one or two frequencies in the GHz range, we demonstrate the existence of squeezing as well as entanglement in such radiation. In one experiment, we observe that the variance of one quadrature of the photo-assisted noise generated by the junction goes below its vacuum level. In the second experiment, we demonstrate the existence of correlations between the quadratures taken at two frequencies, which can be stronger than allowed by classical mechanics, proving that the radiation at those two frequencies are entangled.¹     

非平衡辐射响应与准二维高温超导体系的磁通涡旋激发

从实验上揭示了高温超导体YBa₂Cu₃O_{7-δ(YBCO)颗粒膜具有准二维结构的输运特征以及超导弱连接行为特征.在此基础上,将超导颗粒膜样品等效为准二维Josephson弱连接阵列系统,讨论了电流引起的二维超导体系中磁通“涡旋-反涡旋”束缚对的拆对激发问题,并给出了自由涡旋分布n(T,I)的分析表达式.将颗粒膜样品的非平衡辐射响应测量结果与电流激发自由涡旋分布n(T,I)相比较,两者具有相似的分布特征.该结果表明,高温超导体颗粒膜 关键词：}     

微波场中Josephson结的微波发射与吸收研究

采用数值仿真方法,研究微波场中约瑟夫森结微波感应台阶处的功率特性。发现微波场中约瑟夫森结不止吸收辐射,也发射辐射的情况。得到微波辐照和结电阻对功率吸收和发射的影响规律。结果表明,处于发射功率的状态对应的偏置电流范围占整个台阶总电流范围的比例可以趋于50%。这一发现对约瑟夫森结理论和应用研究具有重要的意义。     

Null orbital frustration at the pseudogap boundary in a layered cuprate superconductor

We assess the relative importance of orbital frustration at the pseudogap closing field H(pg). Using interlayer tunneling transport in pulsed magnetic fields nearly up to 60 T, we track the field-temperature (H-T) phase diagram for fields parallel ( parallel ab) and normal ( parallel c) to the layered structure of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+y). In contrast to large orientational anisotropy of the superconducting state related to the orbital motion of Cooper pairs, we find anisotropy of H(pg) temperature independent and small, due solely to the g factor. The obtained Zeeman relation with the pseudogap temperature T small star, filled, g( parallel c)micro(B)H( parallel c)(pg)=g( parallel ab)micro(B)H( parallel ab)(pg) approximately k(B)T small star, filled, is fully consistent with the correlations only in the spin channel.     

Josephson effect on YBCO break junctions

We have investigated dc and ac Josephson effects on YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x ceramic samples using the break junction technique. The critical current was measured as a function of external magnetic field and temperature. The field dependence shows superposition effects of junction and SQUID behavior. The critical current depends linearly on temperature like for SNS junctions. We observed Shapiro steps with microwave radiation with a frequency of 35 GHz at 4.2 K and 77 K, respectively. Deviations of the step height from Bessel behavior at low microwave power are explained within the Stewart-McCumber model using small capacitances of the junction in simulation calculations.     

Observation of minority spin character of the new electron doped manganite La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 from tunneling magnetoresistance

We report the magnetotransport characteristics of a trilayer ferromagnetic tunnel junction built of an electron doped manganite (La0.7Ce0.3MnO3) and a hole doped manganite (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3). At low temperatures the junction exhibits a large positive tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), irrespective of the bias voltage. At intermediate temperatures below T(C) the sign of the TMR is dependent on the bias voltage across the junction. The magnetoresistive characteristics of the junction strongly suggest that La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 is a minority spin carrier ferromagnet with a high degree of spin polarization, i.e., a transport half-metal.     

Observation of a node in the quantum oscillations induced by microwave radiation

The microwave induced magnetoresistance in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure was studied at temperatures below 1 K and frequencies in the range of 150-400 GHz. A distinct node in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, induced by the microwave radiation, is clearly observed. The node position coincides with the position of the cyclotron resonance on the carriers with effective mass (0.068±0.005)m₀.     

Investigation of a nonequilibrium electron subsystem in low-temperature microwave detectors

The electron energy distributions arising in small-size metal absorbers of microwave radiation detectors operating at ultralow temperatures have been calculated using the kinetic equation. It is shown that the electron distributions are nonequilibrium, significantly different from the Fermi distribution, and are determined by the ratio of the rates of electron-electron and electron-phonon relaxation and by the effect of the measuring element (superconductor-insulator-normal metal junction) on the absorber. The response of such a bolometer is calculated and compared to the experimental data.     

Microwave saturation of the Rydberg States of electrons on helium

We present measurements of the resonant microwave excitation of Rydberg energy levels for surface-state electrons on superfluid helium. The temperature-dependent contribution to the linewidth gamma(T) agrees with theoretical predictions and is very small below 700 mK, in the ripplon scattering regime. Absorption saturation and power broadening were observed as the fraction of electrons in the first excited state was increased to 0.49, close to the thermal excitation limit of 0.5. The Rabi frequency Omega was determined as a function of microwave power. High values of the ratio Omega/gamma confirm this system as an excellent candidate for creating qubits.     

Temperature and magnetic field variations in the resistance,cos ϕ conductance,and effective capacitance of small Josephson junctions

From direct microwave reflection measurements on very small Pb Josephson junctions, we found a previously unobserved maximum in the small voltage tunneling resistance as the temperature was lowered just below the superconducting transition temperature. In the same range the cos ? amplitude increased to + 1 and then rapidly decreased to ? 1. The effective junction capacitance increased 2–3 times when the magnetic field (for tuning the plasma resonance) was increased, which can be interpreted as evidence for the existence of a phase dependent parametric capacitance.     

Relativistic graphene ratchet on semidisk Galton board

Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations we study numerically and analytically a photogalvanic effect, or ratchet, of directed electron transport induced by a microwave radiation on a semidisk Galton board of antidots in graphene. A comparison between usual two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and electrons in graphene shows that ratchet currents are comparable at very low temperatures. However, a large mean free path in graphene should allow to have a strong ratchet transport at room temperatures. Also in graphene the ratchet transport emerges even for unpolarized radiation. These properties open promising possibilities for room temperature graphene based sensitive photogalvanic detectors of microwave and terahertz radiation.     

约瑟夫森结在射频辐照下的亚谐波台阶仿真研究

利用PSp ice软件,采用电路仿真的方法深入研究了约瑟夫森结在射频辐照下的I-V特性,观察到了亚谐波台阶的存在,得出了台阶高度与射频电流幅度的关系,结果对于约瑟夫森结在电压标准和射频检测等方面的应用有重要的参考价值。     

一种基于油介质开关振荡器的紧凑宽带高功率微波源

紧凑宽带高功率微波源研制过程中，为了提高工作电压，开关振荡器采用变压器油作为绝缘介质。研制了一种具有较小几何尺寸和前向辐射方向图的组合振子天线作为辐射天线。在设计阶段，采用电磁仿真软件对开关振荡器和辐射天线的性能进行了仿真和预测。然后，对该宽带高功率微波源进行了实验研究，并对辐射场进行了测量。结果表明:开关振荡器的工作电压超过300 kV，辐射场rE值(距离和辐射电场峰值的乘积)达到125 kV；辐射场中心振荡频率为375 MHz，3 dB带宽为24%。     

Study of superradiance based on a low-voltagebackward wave oscillator

According to the small size requirement for wide-band high-power microwave radiation, a superradiance backward wave oscillator (BWO) is proposed to generate such high-power microwave radiation with a low voltage (～20 kV) pulse power supply and low guiding magnet field (～0.1 T). In order to get a high-efficiency C-band superradiance BWO with a low beam voltage and a low guiding magnet field, the mechanism of superradiance in a BWO is explored in particle-in-cell simulation. With the oversized structure, the simulation shows that a microwave power of 405 kW with a frequency of 5.6 GHz and a spectrum width of 500 MHz can be obtained with a voltage of 23 kV and magnetic field of 0.1 T.     

嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性研究

采用嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的方式,研究了Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8(Tl-2212)高温超导薄膜双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性.重点研究了双晶约瑟夫森结与Fabry-Perot谐振腔的耦合特性,发现放置在谐振腔中的结的位置、角度、结的图形以及Fabry-Perot谐振腔中两镜面间的距离等对耦合都有很大的影响.通过精细调节这些参数,可使双晶约瑟夫森结与外加毫米波达到最佳耦合.在最佳耦合情况下,能观察到9级明显的夏皮罗台阶.利用Fabry-Perot谐振腔技术,解决了约瑟夫森结与毫米波的耦合问题,为高温超导约瑟夫森结的毫米波及太赫兹波的辐射和检测研究奠定了基础.     

Closing the pseudogap by Zeeman splitting in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y at high magnetic fields.

Interlayer tunneling resistivity is used to probe the low-energy density-of-states (DOS) depletion due to the pseudogap in the normal state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y. Measurements up to 60 T reveal that a field that restores DOS to its ungapped state shows strikingly different temperature and doping dependencies from the characteristic fields of the superconducting state. The pseudogap closing field and the pseudogap temperature T small star, filled evaluated independently are related through a simple Zeeman energy scaling. These findings indicate a predominant role of spins over the orbital effects in the formation of the pseudogap.