尼古丁分子的能级结构和光谱计算

研究尼古丁分子的能级结构与光谱特征,对更好地了解尼古丁分子的毒性和药性有理论指导作用.基于密度泛函理论(DFT),本文利用Gaussian 09软件在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对尼古丁分子进行结构优化,再采用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)在乙醇溶剂中计算尼古丁分子的15个激发态.使用Multiwfn波谱分析软件对分子前线轨道进行计算,并绘制出分子的红外谱图和紫外谱图.通过前线轨道分析可知,尼古丁分子的亲核位点是吡啶环上的C3和N6、亲电位点是吡咯环上的N22.吡啶环上的C-H、N-H键面内伸缩振动峰主要集中在3049～3079 cm~(-1),吡咯环上的甲基、亚甲基的伸缩振动峰主要集中在2796～3005 cm~(-1),其中在2816 cm~(-1)处甲基上C-H键振动峰最为明显,占比43.3%;吡咯环与吡啶环的摆动峰主要集中在1027～1455 cm~(-1),吡啶环的面内振动峰主要集中在1008～1027 cm~(-1),在800 cm~(-1)以下吸收峰都为吡啶环的面外摆动峰.紫外光谱的最大吸收峰位于173.46571 nm处,主要是由基态S0跃迁到激发态S5、S6、S10、S11、S12、S13、S14形成的,其中基态S0跃迁到激发态S11的贡献最大,其余激发态跃迁振子强度小于0.03,为禁阻跃迁.     

紫细菌捕光天线LH2中的超快光物理研究

采用飞秒泵浦探测技术研究了紫细菌外周捕光天线LH2中的超快光动力学过程.从B800蓝侧的激发态动力学中观察到B800到B850的能量传递时间,实验结果与理论计算结果的差别说明激发B800时可能引起B850上激子带的直接激发,或存在由B800到B850上激子态的能量传递通道.在B800红侧激发的动力学过程中,漂白信号前端存在的一个快速光吸收信号主要来源于B850上激子带的直接激发.在天然RS601和突变体GM309的LH2中,800 nm激发时的动力学过程都表现为一个类似的光漂白过程,动力学曲线的衰减时间常量在天然LH2中明显快于突变体中,说明在GM309中B800到B850的激发能传递速率有所降低.而在845 nm激发下两个样品中的快过程类似,但慢过程在GM309中有所增快,激发态中的能量重新分布包括逆向的能量传递也受到类胡萝卜素微结构的影响.     

Modes conversion due to plasmons induced transparency

We investigate simulated and theoretically the optical properties of the metamaterial, composed of two bigger split ring resonators and one smaller split ring resonator in unit cell. We observe the magic phenomena that one mode B is inhibited from strong to weak then disappears while another mode A appears and becomes stronger and stronger as asymmetric degree increases. The results show the mode A originates from the destructive interference between the dipole mode and the quadrapole mode, and its strength is proportional to the cross coupling coefficient of near-field. The disappearance of the mode B is due to the competition between the mode B and the mode A, and the variation of strength is proportional to the frequency shift of the dark mode. That is, with asymmetric degree increasing, the mode B converts into the mode A. These phenomena are explained very well by the temporal coupled-mode theory. Our metamaterial provides a kind of new design for understanding the interaction between light and matter.     

Momentum distribution of a Fermi gas of atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover

We observe dramatic changes in the atomic momentum distribution of a Fermi gas in the crossover region between the BCS theory superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of molecules. We study the shape of the momentum distribution and the kinetic energy as a function of interaction strength. The momentum distributions are compared to a mean-field crossover theory, and the kinetic energy is compared to theories for the two weakly interacting limits. This measurement provides a unique probe of pairing in a strongly interacting Fermi gas.     

Kondo effect of molecular complexes at surfaces: ligand control of the local spin coupling

The spin state of single magnetic atoms and molecules at surfaces is of fundamental interest and may play an important role in future atomic-scale technologies. We demonstrate the ability to tune the coupling between the spin of individual cobalt adatoms with their surroundings by controlled attachment of molecular ligands. The strength of the coupling is determined via the Kondo resonance by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Spatial Kondo resonance mapping is introduced as a novel imaging tool to localize spin centers in magnetic molecules with atomic precision.     

含硝基烷基的一些CHNO多硝基化合物的C-NO2键离解能计算——应用于撞击感度

用密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平对五个含硝基烷基的硝基芳香族炸药分子和四个含硝基烷基的苯酸酯炸药分子进行了几何结构全优化、能量和频率计算.并分别对这两类炸药分子苯环上的C-NO2和烷基上的C-NO2键离解能进行了同等水平的计算.结果表明,这两类分子中的最弱键均是烷基上的C-NO2键.进一步分析实验撞击感度与分子中最弱键离解能量的关系.结果表明,最弱键离解能BDE是表征炸药撞击感度的重要指针,但不是唯一指针.除了BDE,炸药的撞击感度可能还受其它因素或反应途径的影响.     

Formation of interface bubbles in bonded silicon wafers: A thermodynamic model

A thermodynamic model of the formation of unbonded areas or bubbles generated at the interface of bonded silicon wafers in the temperature range of 200–800°C is presented. Within this model it is assumed that the desorption of hydrocarbon contamination at the silicon wafer surfaces leads to small hydrocarbon molecules which are mobile at the bonding interface. When the vapor pressure generated by these molecules overcomes the interface bonding strength, interface bubbles are nucleated. These bubbles grow by incorporating further hydrocarbon and also possible hydrogen molecules. The model semiquantitatively explains all the essential features of interface bubble formation observed experimentally.     

温度对金刚石涂层膜基界面力学性能的影响

利用分子动力学方法建立了硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面模型, 并采用Morse势函数和Tersoff势函数相互耦合的方法来表征模型内原子间的相互作用关系, 在此基础上对不同温度(0–800 K)条件下硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面的力学性能进行了分子动力学仿真计算. 结果表明: 当温度由0 K上升到800 K的过程中, 金刚石涂层膜基界面拉伸强度呈下降趋势, 并且在0–300 K范围内下降趋势明显, 在300–800 K范围内下降趋势缓和; 体系能量随温度的变化具有相同的下降趋势.     

基于高折射率断环结构的全固光子带隙光纤的设计

设计了基于断环结构的全固光子带隙光纤,其背景材料为熔石英而断环结构由若干掺杂的高折射率介质柱构成.基于平面波展开法计算得到的态密度图和Bloch模场分布表明,该种光纤中的一个高阶带隙可以得到调节并被极大展宽,带隙调节的基本原理是断环可以同时控制包层介质柱的线偏振模式的角向和径向模式阶数.研究表明,断环中的介质柱数目决定了受影响最小的一组线偏振模式的最高角向阶数,而带隙宽度受介质柱尺寸影响很大.这一宽的高阶带隙可以用来设计带隙中心分别在800和1550 nm、带宽分别为488和944 nm的全固光子带隙光纤 关键词： 全固光子带隙光纤 光子带隙 光纤设计 平面波展开法     

Exciton delocalization probed by excitation annihilation in the light-harvesting antenna LH2

Singlet-singlet annihilation is used to study exciton delocalization in the light harvesting antenna complex LH2 (B800-B850) from the photosynthetic purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The characteristic femtosecond decay constants of the high intensity isotropic and the low intensity anisotropy kinetics of the B850 ring are related to the hopping time tau(h) and the coherence length N(coh) of the exciton. Our analysis yields N(coh) = 2.8+/-0.4 and tau(h) = 0.27+/-0.05 ps. This approach can be seen as an extension to the concept of the spectroscopic ruler.     

Direct observation of controlled coupling in an individual quantum dot molecule

We report the direct observation of quantum coupling in individual quantum dot molecules and its manipulation using static electric fields. A pronounced anticrossing of different excitonic transitions is observed as the electric field is tuned. A comparison of our experimental results with theory shows that the observed anticrossing occurs between excitons with predominant spatially direct and indirect character and reveals a field driven transition of the nature of the molecular ground state exciton wave function. Finally, the interdot quantum coupling strength is deduced optically and its dependence on the interdot separation is calculated.     

基于密度泛函的茶多酚分子EGCG和GCG的光谱计算

茶多酚是绿茶中主要生化活性成分之一。选取茶多酚中含量较高,同时也是性质较活泼、功效较明显的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）及其异构体没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（GCG）分子做红外光谱和紫外光谱的计算和研究。使用Gaussian软件,采用B3LYP密度泛函理论（DFT）在6-311g(d,p)基组水平上优化其几何构型。频率计算得到红外光谱后,再进行振动特征分析,可以看到在EGCG和GCG的红外光谱图中每个振动模式下所有基团振动的权重,结合谱图做出相应的振动归属和对比分析。发现：两分子红外谱图相似,分别在1 711和1 717 cm-1处为羰基的伸缩振动吸收峰,苯环上酚羟基的伸缩振动吸收峰集中在3 500~3 800 cm-1,1 000～1 600 cm-1的多个峰都有苯环面内弯曲振动参与,在1 350和1 280 cm-1附近吸收峰是亚甲基次甲基面内弯曲振动引起的,在500 cm-1以下吸收峰都为原子的面外弯曲振动。采用固相粉末压片法,使用IRPRESTIGE-21红外光谱仪测量了EGCG分子的红外光谱（400～4 000 cm-1）,对比理论计算的EGCG分子红外光谱各吸收峰位值,发现在固相中实际测得的EGCG分子的红外光谱与气相下的理论计算值基本吻合,理论计算值略微有些红移,原因可能是理论计算在气相条件下采用的势函数存在误差,相比于无分子相互作用力的气相,实际测量固相光谱的分子键强度比气相条件下要略大些。使用Gaussian软件,采用含时密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）,选取乙醇作为溶剂,计算了EGCG分子的15个激发态,分析了激发态的组成和能级跃迁情况。计算所得的2个吸收峰分别位于229.3和276.4 nm处,主要对应p电子与苯环π键上电子形成的p-π共轭的电子跃迁及苯环、杂环上π→π*跃迁。从分析振子强度得知,基态跃迁到S4,S5,S6和S12激发态为产生紫外光谱的主要原因,另外的激发态可能为禁阻跃迁,振子强度均小于0.01。上述计算值与使用UV-6100S型紫外分光光度计所测得的EGCG分子在乙醇溶剂中235.1和278.7 nm的最大吸收峰吻合,计算值略有蓝移,可能是茶多酚提取时或本身就带有弱碱性所致。该研究可为研究EGCG分子和GCG分子的性质和生物活性及茶多酚的抗氧化性提供理论参考。     

合肥光源基于束流准直系统的控制软件设计

束流位置监测器(BPM)和与其相邻的四极铁之间的电偏移对于电子储存环轨道校正十分重 要。改变四极铁的强度,并通过测量轨道变化就能够计算出该四极铁的磁中心相对于相邻的BPM的电中心 之间的偏差。基于NSRL储存环的BBA硬件系统和EPICS控制系统,采用Labview平台开发出了BBA测量 的软件控制程序。由计算机控制四极铁的强度,连续测量后拟合得到四极铁的磁中心与相邻BPM的相对偏 差,测量精度可以达到100μm。     

维生素K3的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

首次报道了维生素K3 (VK3 )分子的常规拉曼光谱 (NRS)及该分子在活性衬底银镜上的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) ,并对它的拉曼特征谱带进行了初步的指认和归属。通过对比VK3 的常规拉曼光谱和SERS谱 ,发现VK3 分子吸附在银表面后拉曼散射强度被大大增强了。另外 ,VK3 的羰基与银粒子发生电荷转移后形成负离子自由基 ,碳氧双键打开。受VK3 分子吸附在银镜表面的影响 ,萘环结构发生了很大的扰动 ,导致一些拉曼特征峰产生位移 ,环变形振动对应的拉曼散射强度得到了增强。这些研究结果为SERS技术今后对VK3进行药物检测以及痕量分析方面的应用提供了依据。     

对Cu(111)表面吸附的单个苉分子的分子轨道进行成像:一个实验与理论相结合的研究

结合扫描隧道显微学测量和密度泛函理论计算研究了直接吸附在Cu（111）表面的单个苉分子的电子结构性质.在低覆盖度下,苉分子表现出了单分散的吸附行为,利用dI/dV谱和图像可以辨别出吸附的单个苉分子在-1.2 V附近的最高占据态和1.6 V附近的最低未占据态.此外,还可以观测到苉分子未占据态的dI/dV信号对采谱位置具有很强的依赖性.第一性原理计算很好地模拟了这些实验结果,并且将它们归因于分子-衬底相互作用引起的苉分子不同分子轨道之间的混合态的能量和空间分布.该工作提供了吸附在金属衬底表面的苉分子的局域电子结构信息,将促进对单分子器件中电子输运性质对分子-金属电极耦合的依赖性的理解.     

Exploring hydride-π interactions and their tuning by σ-hole bonds: an ab initio study

In the present work, ab initio calculations are performed to investigate the geometry, interaction energy and bonding properties of binary complexes formed between metal-hydrides HMX (M = Be, Mg, Zn and X = H, F, CH₃) and a series of π-acidic heteroaromatic rings. In all the resulting complexes, the heteroaromatic ring acts as a Lewis acid (electron acceptor), while the H atom of the HMX molecule acts as a Lewis base (electron donor). The nature of this interaction, called ‘hydride-π’ interaction, is explored in terms of molecular electrostatic potential, non-covalent interaction, quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analyses. The results show that the interaction energies of these hydride-π interactions are between ?1.24 and ?2.72 kcal/mol. Furthermore, mutual influence between the hydride-π and halogen- or pnicogen-bonding interactions is studied in complexes in which these interactions coexist. For a given π-acidic ring, the formation of the pnicogen-bonding induces a larger enhancing effect on the strength of hydride-π bond than the halogen-bonding.     

Cloning of Chimera States in a Multiplex Network of Two-Frequency Oscillators with Linear Local Couplings

Cloning of chimera states, which is a new effect caused by the short-term interaction in a multiplex network, has been described. This effect is observed when two ring networks of linearly coupled two-frequency (bistable) oscillators are combined into the multiplex network. At certain values of the strength and duration of the inter-ring (multiplex) interaction, a copy of a chimera state with accuracy to phases in the incoherent part is formed in the ring with an initially random phase distribution. It has been shown that the effect is structurally stable and is due to the competition of self-sustained oscillations in individual rings.     

Quantum mechanical single-gold-nanocluster electroluminescent light source at room temperature

Electrically contacted gold-nanocluster arrays formed within electromigration-induced break junctions exhibit bright, field-dependent electroluminescence in the near infrared (650-800 nm). Intensity autocorrelation of spatially isolated individual nanocluster emission driven at high electrical frequency (f(ac)= approximately 200 MHz) reveals antibunched electroluminescence at room temperature. These results demonstrate the single quantum nature of several-atom gold molecules and suggest their use as room-temperature electrically driven single-photon sources.     

Beam based alignment of the SSRF storage ring

There are 140 beam position monitors (BPMs) in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) storage ring used for measuring the closed orbit. As the BPM pickup electrodes are assembled directly on the vacuum chamber, it is important to calibrate the electrical center offset of the BPM to an adjacent quadrupole magnetic center. A beam based alignment (BBA) method which varies individual quadrupole magnet strength and observes its effects on the orbit is used to measure the BPM offsets in both the horizontal and vertical planes. It is a completely automated technique with various data processing methods. There are several parameters such as the strength change of the correctors and the quadrupoles which should be chosen carefully in real measurement. After several rounds of BBA measurement and closed orbit correction, these offsets are set to an accuracy better than 10 μm. In this paper we present the method of beam based calibration of BPMs, the experimental results of the SSRF storage ring, and the error analysis.