Multiple spin-resolved negative differential resistance and electrically controlled spin-polarization in transition metal-doped [6]cycloparaphenylenes

In structure, a [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP) molecule is constructed by fully conjugated bent benzenes, i.e., hexangular rings. Based on first-principles calculations, the spin-dependent electronic transport of transition metal-doped CPP, X@[6]cycloparaphenylene (X@[6]CPP) (X?=?Fe, Co and Ni), contacted with Au electrodes is investigated. (Multiple) negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed for all the doping cases, suggesting it is the intrinsic feature of such systems. Due to the spin dependence of the NDR, electrical switch of the direction of spin polarization for a current is realized. Further analysis shows that it is the suppression of the transmission peaks around the Fermi level as the bias increases that results in the NDR. The suppression is caused by the decay of the local density of states on the scattering region. As electrically controlled spin polarization is a promising area in nanoelectronics, we believe our results would be quite beneficial to the development of spintronic devices.     

IrMn基反铁磁自旋阀的巨磁电阻效应

用第一性原理方法研究了在微观尺度具有三重对称磁结构的IrMn合金的反铁磁自旋阀(AFSV)的电子输运.研究表明:基于有序L1₂相IrMn合金的Co/Cu/IrMn自旋阀的巨磁电阻(GMR)效应具有三重对称性,可以利用这一特性区分反铁磁材料的GMR与传统铁磁材料的GMR.基于无序γ相IrMn合金的IrMn(0.84 nm)/Cu(0.42 nm)/IrMn(0.42 nm)/Cu(0.42 nm)(111) AFSV的电流平行平面构型的GMR约为7.7％,大约是电流垂直平面构型的GMR(3.4％)的两倍,明显大于实验中观测到的基于共线磁结构的FeMn基AFSV的GMR. 关键词： 反铁磁自旋阀 巨磁电阻效应 非共线磁结构 电流平行平面结构     

Measurement of fluid ingress into calcium polyphosphate bioceramics using nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

A MR microscopy experiment is developed and used to characterize fluid ingress and microstructural transformation in degradable calcium polyphosphate (CPP) bioceramics. High-resolution (49 μm) maps of fluid density and spin–lattice relaxation rate were obtained as a function of time for CPP immersed in phosphate buffered saline. These results demonstrate clear differences in fluid transport rates and solid matrix microstructure in two differing CPP formulations. CPP has been proposed as a potential implantable device for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are used in conjunction with previously reported bulk elution results to develop a hypothesis explaining microstructural evolution in these materials. This type of non-destructive evaluation of the structure–transport of fluids in CPP is important to improved design of these functionalized biomaterials for long-term, localized delivery of sustained levels of therapeutic agents.     

Spin diffusion in CPP spin valves

We present in this paper an analytic model to describe the effect of spin diffusion in CPP (current perpendicular to the plan) spin valves. Two ferromagnetic electrodes are separated by a nonmagnetic metal, organic or inorganic semiconducting spacer. We base our calculations on the evolution of the spin polarized density of states of the saturated ferromagnetic electrodes under an applied rotating magnetic field and the spin diffusion in the spacer. Without treating the mechanism of spin relaxation and dephasing in the spacer, we establish a general model with the cosine evolution of the magnetoresistance modulated by the effect of spin diffusion. Throughout our treatment we consider a tunnel junction at the interface between each ferromagnetic electrode and the spacer.     

Theoretical model of spin transfer torque in multilayers

We present a model of spin transport in a Co/Cu(1 1 1)/Co pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) structure where current is flowing in the current perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) geometry. The model considers ballistic spin-dependent transmission at the two Co–Cu interfaces, as well as diffusive spin relaxation within the Cu spacer and free Co layer. In the latter, the spin relaxation process is composed of the usual longitudinal spin relaxation due to spin flip scattering, as well as transverse spin relaxation due to spin precession. The resulting spin transfer torque exerted on the moments within the free Co layer is composed of two contributions, the main contribution coming from “absorbed” spins in the interfacial regions. The second contribution arises from the relaxation of spin accumulation within the free Co layer. The calculated critical current density for switching is estimated to be approximately between 3.3×10⁷ and 1.1×10⁸ A/cm², which is in agreement with available experimental results.     

自旋阀中电流诱导磁化翻转行为的研究

通过实验研究了一种特殊的反对称自旋阀结构．研究发现,随着外加磁场的增大,该结构纳米器件表现出了一种由“逆CIMS”向“正常CIMS”的转变．这种现象是因为：该反对称自旋阀在不同的外加磁场下有不同的磁化取向,因而引起不同的CIMS行为． 关键词： CPP ESPV CIMS     

基于焦斑空间频谱控制的连续相位板设计

 改进了传统的盖斯贝格 撒克斯通（G-S）算法,其中包含：改善了初始相位的选取;远场振幅采用弱调制,迭代中进行解相、滤波,以保证设计的相位板连续;对目标焦斑的频谱控制,使焦斑能量在频谱上重新分配。结果表明：相对传统设计的连续相位板（CPP）,改进后的G-S算法可以控制CPP的加工单元大小,降低CPP的相位梯度,更好地控制焦斑轮廓,降低特定频带的调制。进一步分析表明,新方法设计的CPP与光谱色散匀滑技术耦合的效果更佳。     

连续相位板束匀滑容差能力分析

在惯性约束聚变系统中,改进G-S算法设计的连续相位板能够对波前发生畸变的激光进行束匀滑处理,以改善远场分布。由于连续相位板对不同畸变状态的波前进行处理后的效果不一样,因此针对连续相位板的束匀滑容差能力进行了系统分析。鉴于畸变光束的传输特性,采用波前均方根梯度来量化波前畸变量,定量计算了不同畸变光经过匀滑处理后的远场光强分布情况。并比较了不同入射畸变光通过连续相位板后的远场焦斑顶部均匀性,结果表明:当入射波前畸变的均方根梯度小于0.32 wave/mm 时,连续相位板具有很好的束匀滑效果。     

T型缝隙结构表面等离子波导的基本特性研究

An air channel inside a silver metal film is usually used as a typical Channel Plasmon Polariton （CPP） waveguide. This paper presents research on the basic properties of this waveguide using the Finite Difference Time Domain（FDTD） method. The relationship between transmission power and structure of the waveguide is investigated. The simulation results show that the subwavelength trapezoidal CPP waveguide is superior to the rectangle CPP waveguide for controlling SPP radiation loss and enhancing the transmitted power. As a result, if the rectangle CPP waveguide is replaced by a trapezoidal CPP waveguide in certain integrated optical devices, their performance may be improved.     

用于光束匀滑的连续相位板近场均匀性

 为降低高功率激光系统中连续相位板(CPP)后续元件的强激光损伤风险,综合考虑入射光强调制、干涉及衍射作用等多种影响因素,建立了CPP近场计算分析模型,模拟和分析了这些因素对CPP后的近场均匀性的影响。理论分析结果表明：CPP后的光束近场均匀性主要受入射光调制、CPP表面剩余反射率和衍射传输距离的影响;当入射光束质量较差时,CPP后的近场均匀性主要由入射光束质量决定,CPP剩余反射率和衍射传输距离对近场均匀性影响相对较小;但当光束质量比较理想时,干涉和衍射作用会破坏CPP的近场均匀性,衍射传输距离影响尤为突出。     

Measurement of fluid ingress into calcium polyphosphate bioceramics using nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

A MR microscopy experiment is developed and used to characterize fluid ingress and microstructural transformation in degradable calcium polyphosphate (CPP) bioceramics. High-resolution (49 μm) maps of fluid density and spin–lattice relaxation rate were obtained as a function of time for CPP immersed in phosphate buffered saline. These results demonstrate clear differences in fluid transport rates and solid matrix microstructure in two differing CPP formulations. CPP has been proposed as a potential implantable device for the delivery of pharmaceuticals, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are used in conjunction with previously reported bulk elution results to develop a hypothesis explaining microstructural evolution in these materials. This type of non-destructive evaluation of the structure–transport of fluids in CPP is important to improved design of these functionalized biomaterials for long-term, localized delivery of sustained levels of therapeutic agents.     

三次位相板编码系统的频率信噪比分析

建立了一个基于新型光学/数字成像系统（三次位相板编码系统—CPP系统）的信噪比模型.该模型主要考虑了读出噪音及散粒噪音两种探测器噪音,同时加入光学系统调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function,MTF）的影响,考虑不同空间频率下噪音对信号的影响,推导出频率信噪比模型.利用该模型对一个光学/数字成像系统进行信噪比分析,结果表明,利用该模型进行分析后此光学系统可达到的理论焦深扩展范围为5个波长.     

基于神光Ⅲ原型的背向散射实验技术研究

激光与等离子体相互作用研究是惯性约束聚变 (ICF) 研究中的重要研究内容. 为了定量研究神光III原型实验中激光与等离子体互作用产生的散射光能量和光谱, 研制了全孔径和近背向散射诊断系统, 并介绍了全孔径和近背反测量系统的光路结构. 对采用连续相位板技术后引起的激光焦斑变化进行了分析. 介绍了采用全孔径和近背向散射诊断系统在神光III原型上完成的考核束匀滑实验效果的实验, 对比了使用束匀滑前后背向散射系统获得的散射光份额和散射光谱分布. 实验发现, 在神光III原型使用800J能量 8束打靶的条件下, 使用束匀滑后背向散射光份额可以降低到5%以下, 其散射光谱也更加集中. 这些数据为黑腔能量学等研究的进一步发展起到重要的促进作用. 关键词： 激光散射 连续相位板 黑腔 光谱     

连续相位板面形特性对远场分布的影响

惯性约束聚变(ICF)系统打靶对焦斑的大小及能量分布均匀性都有明确的要求,在连续相位板设计过程中要同时兼顾这两个方面。研究了连续相位板的面形与远场焦斑光强均匀性间的关系,从理论上推导了元件表面调制深度与焦斑尺寸的关系,并进行了定量计算。结果表明,焦斑半径随连续相位板的面形调制深度线性增加。鉴于连续相位板具有的随机特性,比较了不同相位板远场特性的区别,研究了面形调制深度对其光强峰谷值和均方根值的影响,结果表明不同设计的连续相位板,远场特性有较大的不同。当面形调制深度在5~15个波长时,焦斑具有较低的光强峰谷值和均方根值,连续相位板具有较好的束匀滑效果。     

T型缝隙结构表面等离子波导的基本特性研究(英文)

An air channel inside a silver metal film is usually used as a typical Channel Plasmon Polariton(CPP) waveguide. This paper presents research on the basic properties of this waveguide using the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method. The relationship between transmission power and structure of the waveguide is investigated. The simulation results show that the subwavelength trapezoidal CPP waveguide is superior to the rectangle CPP waveguide for controlling SPP radiation loss and enhancing the transmitt...     

Modeling of the current lines in discontinuous metal/insulator multilayers

Discontinuous magnetic metal/insulator multilayers are formed of equally spaced layers of magnetic particles embedded in an insulating matrix. Their electronic transport properties result from spin-polarized electron tunneling and Coulomb blockade effect. The current-in-plane (CIP) and current-perpendicular-to plane (CPP) resistances change by several orders of magnitude when the thicknesses of the metallic or insulating layers are varied. Calculations of the shape of the current lines in these multilayers are presented. It is shown that pure CIP or CPP transport occur in these systems only when the CIP or CPP resistances are very different in magnitude. If the two resistances are of the same order of magnitude, then the measured transport properties in both geometries are a combination of CIP and CPP transport. Received 9 October 2001     

采用光谱色散平滑和连续相位板实现靶面均匀辐照的实验研究

为了改善高功率激光装置的靶面辐照均匀性, 在神光-Ⅲ原型装置的一路光上开展了结合光谱色散平滑(SSD) 和连续相位板(CPP)的高通量实验研究．实验基于调制频率9.2 GHz的体相位调制器开展, 输出的相位调制脉冲光谱展宽稳定, 脉冲波形顶部剩余调制很小. 结果表明SSD色循环数为1时预放和主放各级空间滤波器过孔顺利, 包含焦斑95%能量的通量对比度由窄带时的1.71下降到加SSD和CPP时的0.47．三倍频光脉宽1 ns, 能量1115 J时, CPP和终端光学组件元件未见损伤．通过实验解决了在高功率激光装置上采用SSD和CPP进行靶面均匀辐照的若干关键技术, 为将其应用于物理实验奠定了坚实基础.     

Application of optical diffraction method in designing phase plates

Continuous phase plate(CPP),which has a function of beam shaping in laser systems,is one kind of important diffractive optics.Based on the Fourier transform of the Gerchberg-Saxton(G-S) algorithm for designing CPP,we proposed an optical diffraction method according to the real system conditions.A thin lens can complete the Fourier transform of the input signal and the inverse propagation of light can be implemented in a program.Using both of the two functions can realize the iteration process to calculate the near-field distribution of light and the far-field repeatedly,which is similar to the G-S algorithm.The results show that using the optical diffraction method can design a CPP for a complicated laser system,and make the CPP have abilities of beam shaping and phase compensation for the phase aberration of the system.The method can improve the adaptation of the phase plate in systems with phase aberrations.     

钴钯铂的表面增强喇曼散射效应研究

利用天线共振子模型对钴钯铂的表面增强喇曼散射特性进行了计算和分析, 计算结果表明钴钯铂的增强分别为1、≤4、2～4, 实验测量的最大增强分别为≤5、105和140, 在考虑化学增强的情况下, 理论同实验是一致的; 在经氧化还原过程处理的钴钯铂片上做了核酸碱基胞嘧啶的SERS谱, 结果反映三种衬底上的SERS谱强弱不同, 以铂最大, 钴最小, 而且, 三种衬底对于胞嘧啶各振动模式的增强基本一致.     

Theoretical modeling of single-laser-shot, chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering thermometry

Chirped-probe-pulse (CPP) femtosecond (fs) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy for single-laser-shot temperature measurements in flames is discussed. In CPP fs CARS, a giant Raman coherence is created in the medium by impulsive pump-Stokes excitation, and the temperature-dependent temporal decay of this initial coherence is mapped into the frequency of the CARS signal using a CPP. The theory of the CPP fs CARS technique is presented. A computer code has been developed to calculate theoretical CPP fs CARS spectra. The input parameters for the calculation of the theoretical spectra include the temperature, probe time delay, ratio of the resonant and nonresonant susceptibilities, and parameters for characterizing the pump, Stokes and probe pulses. The parameters for characterizing the pump, Stokes and probe pulses are determined from the best fit of theoretical spectra to experimental spectra acquired from calibration flames at a known temperature. For spectra acquired in subsequent measurements, these laser parameters are fixed and temperature is determined as one of the fit parameters from the best fit of theoretical spectra to experimental spectra. For single-laser-shot CPP fs CARS temperature measurements performed in steady, near-adiabatic flames, the best-fit temperature distribution width is typically less than 1.5% of the mean temperature. The mean temperature is accurate to within approximately 3% with respect to the adiabatic flame temperature. The most significant limitation on temperature measurement accuracy is associated with the evaluation of the theoretical laser parameters. Significant improvements in the temperature measurement accuracy are expected once monitoring equipment capable of characterizing the spectrum and phase of each laser pulse is incorporated in the experiments.