Efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aryl-4-indolylmaleimides

Improved palladium catalysts for the Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-3-indolyl)maleimide have been developed. The coupling of both aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids proceeds smoothly in good to excellent yields at low catalyst loading.     

A novel synthesis of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination reaction

[reaction: see text] A variety of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles were synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of the corresponding N-aryl-N(o-bromobenzyl)hydrazines. Of several sets of reaction conditions surveyed, the combination of Pd(OAc)2/dppf/tBuONa gave the best results. This method applies to a wide scope of substrates containing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents.     

An efficient one-pot synthesis of novel 4-aryl-1-methyloxindoles

An unprecedented synthetic approach to novel 4-aryl-1-methyloxindoles is described. The method involves the intramolecular palladium-catalyzed amidation of N-methyl-2,6-dibromophenylacetamide followed by an in situ Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with a (hetero)arylboronic acid in a one-pot reaction.     

d-Glucosamine as an efficient and green additive for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction

The Heck coupling of haloarenes with various alkenes was successfully performed in the presence of 0.5 mole % Pd(OAc)₂ and 1.0 mole % d-glucosamine as an additive with K₂CO₃ as the optimal base in a mixture of H₂O/iPrOH (φ _r = 2: 1) as the reaction solvent at 80°C after 6 h. d-Glucosamine was found to be an inexpensive, air-stable, easy to available, and efficient additive in palladium-catalyzed Heck reactions of aryl iodides (67–95 % conversion) and bromides (38–72 % conversion).     

An efficient synthesis of 4-substituted coumarin derivatives via a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction

An efficient Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of sterically crowded 4-chlorocoumarin derivatives with air- and moisture-stable potassium organotrifluoroborates is developed. This methodology has been used to generate a series of novel alkyl, aryl, and vinyl substituted coumarin derivatives in good to excellent yields. The twisted conformation of the vinyl groups in the X-ray crystal structures of (2-oxo-4-vinyl-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl acetate (2) and (2-oxo-4-vinyl-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate (3), along with the atropisomerism of 3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (1d), are evidence of the steric crowding in these adducts.     

A novel method for the synthesis of 3-fluoro-4-aryl-2-pyridone via unprecedented denitration

A simple and novel method to the synthesis of 3-fluoro-4-aryl-2-pyridone from a Michael-adduct of fluoronitroacetate and α,β-unsaturated ketone is reported. With (NH₄)₂CO₃ as the N-source and TsOH as the promoted acid, a series of fluorinated-pyridones was obtained with moderate to good yields.     

Copper- and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aryl guanidinylation: an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles

[reaction: see text] The formation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles via intramolecular C[bond]N formation between an aryl halide and a guanidine moiety can be achieved using either copper or palladium catalysis. Inexpensive copper salts such as CuI are generally superior to the use of palladium catalysts. Regioselective cyclizations, where R(3) = H, can be achieved in high yield under CuI/1,10-phenanthroline-catalyzed conditions, whereas palladium catalysis results in the formation of regioisomeric products.     

N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction

N,N-Dimethyl-beta-alanine was found to be a more powerful phosphine-free ligand than the previously reported ligand, N,N-dimethylglycine, in the Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction for a variety of aryl bromides, aryl iodides, and activated aryl chlorides with a practical turnover number of 10(3). Both kinetic and theoretical studies suggested that N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine led to faster oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Pd than N,N-dimethylglycine. [reaction: see text]     

Solvent effect in the synthesis of 4-carbamoyl-3-hydroxycoumarins

A new synthesis of 4-carbamoyl-3-hydroxycoumarin is reported. The synthesis of carbanilates of 3-hydroxycoumarin and their novel rearrangement to the carboxamides is also described.     

Dabco as an inexpensive and highly efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction

An inexpensive and highly efficient Pd(OAc)(2)/Dabco catalytic system has been developed for the cross-coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids. A combination of Pd(OAc)(2) and Dabco (triethylenediamine) was observed to form an excellent catalyst, which affords high TONs (turnover numbers; TONs up to 950 000 for the reaction of PhI and p-chlorophenylboronic acid) for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of various aryl iodides and bromides with arylboronic acids. [reaction: see text]     

A novel palladium-catalyzed arylation-dehydroaromatization reaction: synthesis of 7-aryltetralones

A new one-pot room-temperature palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 7-aryltetralones was discovered. This tandem process includes a palladium-catalyzed gamma-selective arylation of the enone 4 followed by a dehydrogenation-aromatization of the initial cross-coupling product. [reaction: see text]     

Suppressed beta-hydride elimination in palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization-coupling reactions: an efficient synthesis of 3-arylmethylpyrrolidines

[formula: see text] A novel type of palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization-coupling reaction that proceeds with suppressed beta-hydride elimination has been found. One of the N-sulfonyl oxygens is suggested to coordinatively stabilize an alkylpalladium intermediate, thus preventing the intermediate from the usual beta-elimination. This is the first sequential palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction where the Suzuki and Heck reactions can compete. The reaction provides an efficient synthetic route to 4-methylene-3-arylmethylpyrrolidines, which are not readily available by other routes.     

Phosphine-catalyzed domino reaction: an efficient method for the synthesis of highly functionalized spirooxazolines

A novel phosphine-catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition of ynones and N-substituted isatins was developed. In this reaction, substituted ynones, serving as a C(3) synthon, were successfully applied in intermolecular annulation reactions. A number of functionalized spirooxazolines were obtained in high yields and stereoselectivity.     

First example of electrophile induced Baylis-Hillman reaction: a novel facile one-pot synthesis of indolizine derivatives

Treatment of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde with activated alkenes such as alkyl vinyl ketones and cyclic enones in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) provides a novel facile one-pot synthesis of indolizine derivatives, thus for the first time describing an electrophile induced Baylis-Hillman reaction.     

Insights into the bromination of 3-aryl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate: synthesis of 3-aryl-5-bromomethyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate as precursor to 3-aryl-5-formyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate

Results of the detailed investigations on the bromination of the methyl group of 3-aryl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate, a precursor to obtain 3-aryl-5-formyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylate, are described. The products generated during the study have been utilized as substrates for the synthesis of isoxazole-fused heterocycles.     

Reaction between isocyanides and nitrostyrenes in water: a novel and efficient synthesis of 5-(alkylamino)-4-aryl-3-isoxazolecarboxamides

A novel synthesis of 5-(alkylamino)-4-aryl-3-isoxazolecarboxamides is described. Heating a mixture of an isocyanide and a nitrostyrene in water afforded the title compounds in excellent yields.