机载激光测深系统中海面波浪影响的改正

针对研制的新型机载激光测深系统的海上飞行试验数据,进行预处理、信息提取、数据同步和坐标转换后,开展波浪改正研究.对海底高程的GPS高程信息无波浪改正、GPS高程信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪和加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算波浪三种技术进行了分析.数据处理结果表明,采用加速度信息改正飞机航高变化计算得到的波浪信息的方法,结果较好,可满足研制的机载激光测深系统的要求.     

Rapid classification of protein structure models using unassigned backbone RDCs and probability density profile analysis (PDPA)

A method of identifying the best structural model for a protein of unknown structure from a list of structural candidates using unassigned 15N1H residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data and probability density profile analysis (PDPA) is described. Ten candidate structures have been obtained for the structural genomics target protein PF2048.1 using ROBETTA. 15N1H residual dipolar couplings have been measured from NMR spectra of the protein in two alignment media and these data have been analyzed using PDPA to rank the models in terms of their ability to represent the actual structure. A number of advantages in using this method to characterize a protein structure become apparent. RDCs can easily and rapidly be acquired, and without the need for assignment, the cost and duration of data acquisition is greatly reduced. The approach is quite robust with respect to imprecise and missing data. In the case of PF2048.1, a 79 residue protein, only 58 and 55 of the total RDC data were observed. The method can accelerate structure determination at higher resolution using traditional NMR spectroscopy by providing a starting point for the addition of NOEs and other NMR structural data.     

The use of neural networks for approximation of nuclear data

The article discusses the possibility of using neural networks for approximation or reconstruction of data such as the reaction cross sections. The quality of the approximation using fitting criteria is also evaluated. The activity of materials under irradiation is calculated from data obtained using neural networks.     

Time-domain optical data storage by photon echo

Principles and applications of time-domain optical data storage using stimulated photon echo are briefly reviewed. Special emphasis is laid upon the comparison of this memory with holography; both memories use the interference between two optical waves. Some new experimental developments are introduced using samples of europium-ion-doped crystals, one of the most promising candidates in time-domain data storage. Some other topics, such as ultrafast data storage, time-domain data processing, and time- and spatial-image storage using photon echo, are also discussed.     

基于统一计算设备架构的干涉成像光谱快速反演技术研究

在基于干涉光谱成像的气体成分实时遥测应用中,为了对推扫获取的原始干涉数据进行快速、有效的反演处理,提出一种结合计算统一设备架构（CUDA）的并行时空混合调制型长波红外干涉光谱反演算法。通过分析自主研制的时空混合调制型干涉光谱仪的数据获取模式,结合CUDA平台实现了并行反演算法。实验结果表明,基于CUDA平台的并行计算技术比仅使用CPU进行计算在效率上提升了5至20倍,为后期进一步做光谱识别打下了基础。     

近红外光谱LASSO特征选择方法及其聚类分析应用研究

近红外光谱技术是一种通过分析样本的特征光谱数据,实现定性或定量分析的无损检测方法,特征数据的完整性和代表性决定了所建模型的性能,而现有分析方法只能实现光谱子区间特征筛选,导致分析模型稳定性差、且难以再优化。为实现近红外光谱区间高维数特征提取,有效提高近红外光谱定性分析模型的精度和稳定性,提出一种基于最小绝对收缩和选择算法(LASSO)的光谱特征筛选方法,并以我国特色高值外贸产品云南松茸为分析对象进行聚类应用研究,讨论了该方法对于高维光谱特征筛选的有效性、分析对比了LASSO筛选特征变量及主元分析(PCA)降维算法所建松茸真伪甄别及食用菌分类模型的预测精度及稳定性。通过调研发现,云南产鲜松茸因其独特外形易于分辨,而片状的干松茸失去其独有的外形特征,导致国内干松茸掺假事件屡禁不止。选取云南产松茸、杏鲍菇、老人头、姬松茸四种干样共166样本数据进行分析,采用光谱范围为900～1 700 nm的NIRQuest512型近红外光谱仪获得166×512维原始光谱数据,剔除异常数据后采用标准正态变换对光谱数据进行预处理。在此基础上,利用LASSO筛选出全光谱区间的特征变量,再使用Kennard-Stone法并结合典型线性(KNN)和非线性建模(BP)算法,构建松茸真伪甄别模型和食用菌分类模型,对两种模型进行盲样测试,并分析了LASSO与PCA算法的不同点,最后使用蒙特卡罗方法检测两种模型的稳定性。实验结果表明基于LASSO光谱特征选择的松茸真伪甄别模型和食用菌分类模型预测精度和稳定性均高于PCA方法,其中基于原始光谱数据所建真伪甄别模型的预测准确率为69.57% (BP)和60.87% (KNN),食用菌分类模型准确率为67.39% (BP)和65.22% (KNN),基于LASSO特征筛选的真伪甄别模型预测准确率分别达到100% (BP)和78.26% (KNN),食用菌分类模型预测准确率分别达到89.13% (BP)和80.43% (KNN),对两种模型进行10次蒙特卡罗实验,其结果平均值分别为99.93%和97.22%,由此可知,与PCA等数据降维算法相比,LASSO可实现全光谱区间的光谱特征选择和数据降维,有效地提高了近红外定性分析模型的预测性能,为近红外分析提供了一种新的特征筛选方法。     

Seasonal variations of the muon flux in the MUSTANG super telescope data

The temperature effect of the muon cosmic ray (CR) component is studied using the MUSTANG super telescope data (Greifswald, Germany) from 2007 throughout its period of operation. The original hourly data obtained with the telescope are adjusted for the temperature effect using a vertical atmospheric temperature profile at standard isobaric levels derived from the Global Forecast System (GFS) model. The model’s accuracy and applicability is evaluated using atmospheric sounding data collected over a number of years.     

一种基于简正波模态频散的远距离宽带海底参数反演方法

在浅海环境中, 海底环境参数对声传播有着重要的影响. 由于利用单个宽带声源进行海底参数反演时, 随着距离的增大, 误差变大, 本文提出利用warping变换对在浅海波导中传播的, 不同距离上的两个宽带爆炸声源进行简正波的有效分离, 实现了宽带爆炸声源的远距离海底参数反演. 采用全局寻优遗传算法对提取出的模态频散到达时间差与理论计算的模态频散到达时间差进行匹配处理, 并结合随距离连续变化的声传播损失, 实现了利用单水听器进行海底参数的反演. 实验结果表明: 运用反演出的海底参数提取模态频散时间差和实测数据提取出的模态频散时间差吻合得较好; 而通过传播损失反演得到的海底衰减系数与频率呈指数关系. 最后, 对反演结果进行了后验概率分析, 并将本组爆炸声源的反演结果用于另一组不同距离上爆炸声源时仍然有效, 来评价反演结果的有效性.     

伏安法与补偿法测电阻的实验研究

文章用补偿法测量中电阻,并用Matlab计算软件处理了数据。数据结果显示,补偿法能很好地消除伏安法测电阻的系统误差,并且经过Matlab计算软件进行线性回归处理的结果相对误差要比未经处理的单组数据低一个数量级。     

Real-World Data Difficulty Estimation with the Use of Entropy

In the era of the Internet of Things and big data, we are faced with the management of a flood of information. The complexity and amount of data presented to the decision-maker are enormous, and existing methods often fail to derive nonredundant information quickly. Thus, the selection of the most satisfactory set of solutions is often a struggle. This article investigates the possibilities of using the entropy measure as an indicator of data difficulty. To do so, we focus on real-world data covering various fields related to markets (the real estate market and financial markets), sports data, fake news data, and more. The problem is twofold: First, since we deal with unprocessed, inconsistent data, it is necessary to perform additional preprocessing. Therefore, the second step of our research is using the entropy-based measure to capture the nonredundant, noncorrelated core information from the data. Research is conducted using well-known algorithms from the classification domain to investigate the quality of solutions derived based on initial preprocessing and the information indicated by the entropy measure. Eventually, the best 25% (in the sense of entropy measure) attributes are selected to perform the whole classification procedure once again, and the results are compared.     

Acquisition of detailed laryngeal flow measurements in geometrically realistic models

Characterization of laryngeal flow velocity fields is important to understanding vocal fold vibration and voice production. One common method for acquiring flow field data is particle image velocimetry (PIV). However, because using PIV with models that have curved surfaces is problematic due to optical distortion, experimental investigations of laryngeal airflow are typically performed using models with idealized geometries. In this paper a method for acquiring PIV data using models with realistic geometries is presented. Sample subglottal, intraglottal, and supraglottal PIV data are shown. Capabilities and limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future implementation are provided.     

Automated Proton Spectroscopic Image Processing

An automatic data processing and display protocol for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is described. The spectroscopic images are generated using the fitted peak areas of phased metabolite resonances using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. This automated spectroscopic image processing is tested and evaluated using phantom and human brain data. This algorithm is robust, simple to use, and minimizes user bias in processing and quantifying serial changes of metabolite levels in brain tissue.     

全球风场构建涡度、散度的新方法

目前在数值预报中通常利用风场借助于差分方法来构建涡度和散度场,这个问题涉及到观测资料求微分的问题,从数学上来说,此问题是不适定的.在有限区域上构建时可以采用一维数值微分来实现,但此方法在端点部分的资料必须是精确的,本文提出了新的方法,该方法借助于周期函数的一维数值微分,并用该方法应用到全球风场构建涡度、散度中去,同时与通常的差分方法进行了比较,利用涡度、散度计算了流函数和势函数,然后用流函数和势函数重构初始风场.结果表明,本文提出的方法算法稳定、可行且计算精度比差分方法高,为应用到全球气象资料的诊断分析及预报中提出了新的思路.     

Intermolecular potential energy functions from gaseous viscosity data. Choice of the well depth

Dilute gas viscosity data may be inverted directly to give the intermolecular potential energy function if the well depth is known. The consequences of using different values of the well depth are studied, and it is concluded that the correct value may be distinguished by using second virial coefficient data.     

光电效应测普朗克常数的数据处理及误差分析

在光电效应测量普朗克常数的实验中,采用零电流法测遏止电压,实验操作的可重复性好.不论是采用逐差法还是线性回归法,计算得出普朗克常数的相对误差都在2.5%之下,甚至相对误差小到0.03%,而且通过对该实验数据处理及分析,发现同一次实验数据,用不同的数据处理方法,相对误差竟相差几十倍.     

高速CCD图像数据存储技术

介绍了一种高速CCD图像数据的实时存储方法利用FIFO缓存器使CCD输出的高速数据流和低速存储介质二者的速度匹配,将多路高速大容量图像数据实时记录到了存储介质中,为后期的图像恢复和图像处理提供了原始数据该图像数据存储的方法对各种数据采集以及存储系统的设计具有很好的参考意义.     

回归的能源有效网络大数据流汇聚算法研究

为了降低传感器网络数据流汇聚时的能源消耗,提出了一种基于回归的能源有效数据流汇聚算法。首先,将传感器节点分为活跃节点和能源有效节点。然后,以活跃节点为中心点将所有节点进行聚类,并应用回归方法通过活跃节点的数据流对能源有效节点的数据进行预测。接下来,通过节点预测值的累积误差不断修正活跃节点集。最后,应用活跃节点的数据流信息对能源有效节点的数据进行预测。实验表明,本文提出的算法与其它相关算法相比具有更好的预测准确性。     

Spectral analysis of Doppler ultrasonic decompression data

Several aspects of spectral analysis of bubble transients in Doppler ultrasonic decompression data are discussed. The computation of energy density spectra, using fast Fourier transform techniques for analyzing bubble transients, is described. Spectral analysis of data from probes implanted within animals, using a conventional Fourier analyzer, provided good visual indications of bubble events and interesting changes in spectral structure. A new transient spectral analysis technique that is suitable for quantitative real-time monitoring of small decompression bubbles is described. In a feasibility study using data from an implanted probe, an increase of 900% in bubble signal/noise ratio was observed.     

Prospect for Cosmological Parameter Estimation Using Future Hubble Parameter Measurements

We constrain cosmological parameters using only Hubble parameter data and quantify the impact of future Hubble parameter measurements on parameter estimation for the most typical dark energy models. We first constrain cosmological parameters using 52 current Hubble parameter data including the Hubble constant measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope. Then we simulate the baryon acoustic oscillation signals from WFIRST (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope) covering the redshift range of z ∈[0.5,2] and the redshift drift data from E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope) in the redshift range of z ∈[2,5]. It is shown that solely using the current Hubble parameter data could give fairly good constraints on cosmological parameters. Compared to the current Hubble parameter data, with the WFIRST observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy would be improved slightly, while with the E-ELT observation the H(z) constraints on dark energy is enormously improved.     

多通道CCD摄像机的数据采集和图像显示

针对多通道CCD摄像机 ,提出了一种多线程数据实时存储的方法。利用多线程提高硬盘读写速度 ,实现高速、大容量CCD摄像机数据的硬盘实时存储 ,并利用定时中断将多通道信号定时分块存储入硬盘 ,存储的CCD摄像机数据被转换为图像文件加以显示。系统的CCD摄像机通道达到 5个 ,每个通道的数据率达到 10MBit/s。通过实验 ,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性